• Journal of Drive and Control
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2020

Intelligent devices using ICT technology have been introduced in the field of construction machinery to improve productivity and stability. Among the intelligent devices, Machine Guidance is a device that provides real-time posture, location, and work range to drivers by installing various sensors, controllers, and satellite navigation systems on construction machines. Conversely, the efficiency of equipment that requires location information, such as machine guidance, will be greatly reduced in buildings, and tunnels in the GPS blind spots. Thus, the other high-precision positioning technologies are required in the GPS blind spot zone. In this study, we will develop a relative position measurement system that provides precise location information such as construction machinery and robots in a local area where the GPS reception is difficult. A relative position measurement system tracks a marker in the form of a sphere installed on a vehicle by using the image base tracking technology, and measures the distance and direction information to the marker to calculate a position.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.375-382
• /
• 2008

In order to investigate shape of synaptic vesicles of the tooth pulp afferent boutons and their presynaptic endings (p-endings), and the neuroactive substance of the p-endings in the trigeminal nucleus principalis, rat incisor tooth pulp afferents were labeled by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and quantitative ultrastructural analysis and postembedding immunogold labeling were performed. Labeled tooth pulp afferent boutons contained clear, spherical synaptic vesicles (diameter: $45{\sim}55\;nm$) and occasionally dense core vesicles(diameter: $80{\sim}120\;nm$). They formed symmetrical synapses with unlabeled axon terminals (p-endings) containing pleomorphic synaptic vesicles. The ratio of short to long diameter (form factor) of synaptic vesicles of pulp afferent boutons was 0.6 to 0.99, whereas that of p-endings was 0.25 to 0.99. In addition, most of the p-endings showed GABA-like immunoreactivity. These results indicate that the shape of synaptic vesicles is quite different between the tooth pulp afferent boutons and p-endings, and the p-endings may contain GABA as a neuroactive substance in the trigeminal nucleus principalis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2022.01a
• /
• pp.323-324
• /
• 2022

본 논문에서는 사람의 개입 없이 실내 환경에서 마스크 미 착용자를 스스로 발견한 후 방역수칙위반 사실에 대한 경고와 함께 마스크 착용을 권고하는 인공지능 기반의 자율주행 서비스 로봇을 개발한다. 제안한 시스템에서 로봇은 동시적 위치 추적 지도 작성 기법인 SLAM(Simultaneous Localization and Mapping)기술을 이용하여 지도를 작성한 후 사용자가 제공한 웨이포인트(Waypoint)를 기반으로 자율주행한다. 또한, YOLO(You Only Look Once) 알고리즘을 이용한 실시간 객체 인식 기술을 활용하여 보행자의 마스크 착용 여부를 판단한다. 실험을 통해 사전에 작성된 지도에 지정된 웨이포인트를 따라 로봇이 자율주행하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 충전소로 이동할 경우, 영상 처리 기법을 활용하여 충전소에 부착된 표식에 근접하도록 이동하여 충전이 진행됨을 확인하였다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
• /
• v.14A no.2
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2007

The intima media thickness(IMT) of the carotid artery from B mode ultrasound images has recently been proposed as the most useful index of individual atherosclerosis and can be used to predict major cardiovascular events. Ultrasonic measurements of the IMT are conventionally obtained by manually tracing interfaces between tissue layers. The drawbacks of this method are the inter and intra observer variability and its inefficiency. In this paper, we present a multiresolution snake method combined with the dynamic programming, which overcomes the various noises and sensitivity to initialization of conventional snake. First, an image pyramid is constructed using the Gaussian pyramid that maintains global edge information with smoothing in the images, and then the boundaries are automatically detected in the lowest resolution level by minimizing a cost function based on dynamic programming. The cost function includes cost terms which are representing image features and geometrical continuity of the vessel interfaces. Since the detected boundaries are selected as initial contour of the snake for the next level, this automated approach solves the problem of the initialization. Moreover, the proposed snake improves the problem of converging th the local minima by defining the external energy based on multiple image features. In this paper, our method has been validated by computing the correlation between manual and automatic measurements. This automated detection method has obtained more accurate and reproducible results than conventional edge detection by considering multiple image features.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.40 no.6 s.275
• /
• pp.420-427
• /
• 2007

Background: Postpneumonectomy empyema (PPE) due to bronchopleural fistula (BPF) can be a surgical challenge for surgeons. We analyzed the follow-up outcomes after performing omentopexy and thoracoplasty for the treatment of PPE with BPF after pneumonectomy. Material and Mehod: Between December 1991 and January 2006, 9 patients underwent BPF closure using an omental pedicled flap for the treatment of PPE with BPF after pneumonectomy. There were 7 males and 2 females (mean age: $45.9{\pm}9$ years). The patients were followed up for a mean of 58 months (median: 28 months, range: $6{\sim}169$). When we performed omentopexy, the surgical procedures for empyema were thoracoplasy for 8 patients and the Clagett procedure for 1 patient. Thoracoplasty was performed for the latter patient due to recurrence of empyema, Result: For the 8 patients who were treated by omentopexy and thoracoplasty, there was 1 operation-related death due to sepsis. During follow up, 1 patient, who was treated by omentopexy and a Clagett procedure, died of acute hepatitis 40 months postoperatively. The early mortality was 11.1% (8/9). Of the 8 patients, including the 1 late death patient, successful closure of the BPF were achieved in all patients (8/9) and the empyema was cured in 7 patients (7/8). Conclusion: The BPF closure using an omental pedicled flap was an effective method for treating PPE with BPF due to 75-destroyed lung, and thoracoplasty with simultaneous omentopexy was effective and safe for removing dead space if the patient was young and in a good general condition.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.58-71
• /
• 1997

In order to the location and local arrangement of nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers projecting to the meridian points related to facial nerve paralysis in the rat using the neural tracers, CTB and WGA-HRP, labeled neurons the were investigated by immunohistochemical and HRP histochemical methods following injection of 2.5% WGA-HRP and 1% CTB into Hyopko$(S_6)$. Chichang$(S_4)$, Sugu$(GV_{26})$, Sajukkong$(TE_{23})$ and Yangbaek$(G_{14})$. Following injection of Hyopko$(S_6)$, Chichang$(S_4)$, labeled motor neurons were founded in facial nucleus, trigeminal motor nucleus, reticular nucleus and hypoglossal nucleus. labeled sensory neurons were founded in trigeminal ganglia and $C_{1-2}$ spinal ganglia. sympathetic motor neurons were found in superior cervical ganglia. Sensory fibers labeled in brainstem were found in mesencephalic trigeminal tract, sensory root of trigeminal nerve, oral, interpolar and caudal part of trigeminal nucleus, area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius, lateral reticular nucleus and $C_{1-2}$ spinal ganglia. Following injection of Sugu$(GV_{26})$, labeled motor neurons were founded in facial nucleus. Labeled sensory neurons were founded in trigeminal ganglia and $C_{1-2}$ spinal ganglia. Sympathetic motor neurons were found in superior cervical ganglia. Sensory fibers labeled in brainstem were found in spinal trigeminal tract, trigeminal motor nucleus, mesencephalic trigeminal tract, oral. interpolar and caudal parts of trigeminal nucleus, area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius, lateral reticular nucleus, dorsal part of reticular part and $C_{1-2}$ spinal ganglia. Following injection of Sajukkong$(TE_{23})$ and Yangbaek$(G_{14})$, labeled motor neurons were founded in facial nucleus, trigeminal motor nucleus. Labeled sensory neurons were founded in trigeminal ganglia and $C_{1-2}$ spinal ganglia. sympathetic motor neurons were found in superior cervical ganglia. Sensory fibers labeled in brainstem were found in oral, interpolar and caudal parts of trigeminal nucleus, area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius, inferior olovary nucleus, medullary reticular field and lamina I-IV of $C_{1-2}$ spinal cord. Location of nerve cell body and nerve fibers projecting to the meridian points related to the facial nerve paralysis in the rats were found in facial nucleus and trigeminal motor nucleus. Sensory neurone were found in trigeminal ganglia and $C_{1-2}$ spinal ganglia. Sympathetic motor neurons were found in superior cervical ganglia. Sensory fibers labeled in brainstem were found in mesencephalic trigeminal tract, oral, interpolar and caudal parts of trigeminal nucleus, area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius. lateral reticular nucleus, medullary reticular field.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of a target position at static and dynamic state by using Dynamic phantom for the difference between tumor's actual movement during respiratory gated radiation therapy and skin movement measured by RPM (Real-time Position Management). Materials and Methods: It self-produced Dynamic phantom that moves two-dimensionally to measure a tumor moved by breath. After putting marker block on dynamic phantom, it analyzed the amplitude and status change depending on respiratory time setup in advance by using RPM. It places marker block on dynamic phantom based on this result, inserts Gafchromic EBT film into the target, and investigates 5 Gy respectively at static and dynamic state. And it scanned investigated Gafchromic EBT film and analyzed dose distribution by using automatic calculation. Results: As a result of an analysis of Gafchromic EBT film's radiation amount at static and dynamic state, it could be known that dose distribution involving 90% is distributed within margin of error of 3 mm. Conclusion: As a result of an analysis of dose distribution's change depending on patient's respiratory cycle during respiratory gated radiation therapy, it is expected that the treatment would be possible within recommended margin of error at ICRP 60.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.40 no.6 s.275
• /
• pp.414-419
• /
• 2007

Background: Replacing the ascending aorta is a standard surgical option for treating acute type A aortic dissection. But replacing the aortic arch has recently been reported as an acceptable procedure for this disease. We compared the effects of aortic arch replacement for treating acute type A aortic dissection with the effects of ascending aortic replacement. Material and Method: From 2002 to 2006, 25 patients undewent surgical treatment for acute type A aortic dissection, 12 patients undewent ascending aortic replacement and 13 patients underwent aortic arch replacement. Among the aortic arch group, an additional distal stent-graft was inserted during the operation in 5 patients. 19 patients (11 arch replaced patients and 8 ascending aortic replaced patients) were followed up at the out patient clinic for an average of $756{\pm}373$ days. All the patients undewent CT scanning and we analyzed their distal aortic segments. Result: 4 patients who underwent ascending aortic replacement died, so the overall mortality rate was 16%. Among the 11 long term followed-up arch replacement patients, 2 patients (18.1 %) developed distal aortic dilatation and one of them underwent thoracoabdominal aortic replacement later on. However, among the 8 the ascending aortic replaced patients, 5 patients (62.5%) developed distal aortic dilatation. Conclusion: Aortic arch replacement is one of the safe options for treating acute type A aortic dissection. Aortic arch replacement for treating acute type A aortic dissection could contribute to a reduced distal aortic dilatation rate and fewer secondary aortic procedures.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.247-256
• /
• 2008

The belief that stress leads to illness has a long history. A number of the orofacial disease are also closely associated with stress. Despite research in the relationship of stress and the orofacial diseases leading to statistically significant correlations, the pathology remains vague. In the present study, the expression of clusterin, a stress protein responsible for antiapoptosis and cytoprotection, under restraint stress condition was observed in the submandibular gland, one of the major salivary glands. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups: normal group and restraint stress group. The rats of restraint stress group were placed in the stress cages and then sacrificed at day 0, 3 and 5 day of the experiment. After that, the submandibular glands of all the rats were excised immediately. The levels of clusterin proteins and mRNA in the tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry and Northern blot analyses, respectively. The results were as follows: 1. In the immunohistochemistry, clusterin protein was detected only immediately after the application of restraint stress. 2. In the restraint stress group, at day 3 and 5, histologically apoptosis was induced with karyorrhectic and pyknotic changes. 3. By the restraint stress, acinic cells were destructed earlier than ductal cells. 4. In the Northern blot, mRNA of clusterin was expressed only immediately after the application of restraint stress. The overall results suggest that as an early response to stress, clusterin is expressed in the glands to protect the glandular cells from the stress. But if stress is so strong and prolonged that it can exceed the stress adaptability of the cells, then the cells may undergo apoptosis instead of producing clusterin. An Epidemiologic Study of Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders in Korean College Students.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.125-133
• /
• 1998

This study was designed to identify the efficiency of serum troponin-T(s-TnT) level as a diagnostic indicator for the perioperative myocardial damage with open heart surgery(OHS) and to compare with the conventional myocardial enzyme tests such as isoenzyme fraction of creatine kinase(% CK-MB) and isoenzyme ratio of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH1/LDH2 ratio). The study was performed on 30 adult patients who underwent OHS from Jan. 1996 to June 1996 at Inje University Pusan Paik Hospital, and they were divided into two groups accor- ding to aortic clamping time(ACT) duration : group I(ACT＜60 minutes, n=15); group II (ACT＞60 minutes, n=15). S-TnT, % CK-MB, and LDH1/LDH2 ratio were measured in serial blood samples from all subjected patients. The results were obtained as follows. 1. In both groups, s-TnT concentrations increased gradually during OHS and elevated significantly at CPB-10(p＜0.001). The peak level was noticed at POD 1 in group I(1.10 $\pm$0.19 ng/ml), whereas, at CPB-off in group II(1.88$\pm$0.42 ng/ml). The elevated levels remained until POD 7 in both groups. 2. %CK-MB was risen significantly with the initiation of operations(p＜0.001) and the peak levels were noticed at CPB-off in both groups(7.14$\pm$0.86% in group I, 10.69$\pm$1.27% in group II). Thereafter, these levels returned to normal values at POD 3. 3. There were no significant changes in the values of LDH1/LDH2 ratio during and after OHS compared with the control levels(p＞0.05). 4. The serial changes of s-TnT were relatively well correlated with those of changes of % CK-MB(r=0.64, p＜0.05). 5. The serial s-TnT levels were significantly higher in group II than group I from B-ACR to POD 1(p＜0.05), suggesting that duration of aortic clamping time was a major factor concerned with perioperative myocardial injury. In conclusion, measurement of s-TnT is a very useful indicator in assessing the myocardial cell damage and therefore it is expected that serial checking and evaluation of the s-TnT is very available for identification of the perioperative myocardial damage and for postoperative cares in patients with OHS.