• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.127-134
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• 2019

In this paper, we designed and implemented a system for automatically measuring pig growth rate using image. Pig breeding is a very important factor because the breeding rate of pigs is directly linked to the rancher's economic interests in order to raise them in livestock farms. Therefore, there is a demand for a method for easily measuring the growth rate of each pig. As a method for this, an image analysis algorithm for measuring the growth rate of pigs is presented by taking a plan view of the pig. In addition, the proposed algorithm was implemented to measure the surface area of swine and to express it as the rate of gain. The proposed method in this paper makes it possible to easily measure the individual growth rate of pigs to meet the needs of farmers. In the future, we will improve the algorithm to calculate the volume so that the same value as the actual measurement can be obtained.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.269-269
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• 2011

티타늄-알루미늄(Titanium-Aluminum) 질화물(Nitride)은 고경도 난삭재의 고능률 절삭 분야에 사용되는 공구의 수명 향상을 위한 표면처리 소재로 각광을 받고 있다. 건식고속가공을 효과적으로 수행하기 위해서는 코팅막 재료가 가공 중 발생하는 고온에서도 견디는 우수한 내산화성을 지니면서 내마모, 내충격 특성등의 기계적 성질이 우수한 코팅을 필요로 하며 이러한 분야에 TiAlN을 적용하기 위한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 아크(Cathodic Arc) 코팅을 시스템을 이용하여 N2 유량변화에 따라 TiAlN 박막을 제조하고 그 특성을 평가하였다. 아크 소스에 장착된 타겟은 120 $mm{\Phi}$, Ti : Al=50 : 50 at% 의 TiAl 타겟을 사용 하였고, 시편과 타겟 간의 거리는 약 30 cm이며, 시편은 SUS를 사용하였다. 시편을 진공용기에 장착하고 ~10-6 Torr까지 진공배기를 실시하고, Ar 가스를 진공용기 내로 공급하여 ~10-4 Torr에서 시편에 bias (Pulse : 400V)를 인가한 후 아크를 발생시켜 약 5분간 청정을 실시하였다. 플라즈마 청정이 끝나면 시편에 인가된 bias를 차단하고 N2 유량을 변화시키며 코팅을 실시하였다. 질소 유량이 증가함에 따라 색상은 회색에서 어두운 보라색으로 변화하였고 SEM 사진을 통해 Micro paticle 이 감소하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었으며 이는 질소유량이 증가 할수록 표면조도 또한 감소하는 분석결과와도 일치하였다. XRD 분석을 통해 질소 유량이 160 sccm 이상에서 TiAlN이 합성되는 것을 볼 수 있었고 질소 유량이 240 sccm일 때 가장 높은 경도를 보였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과를 바탕으로 더욱 다양한 조건에서 TiAlN 코팅에 응용한다면 다양한 색상 구현과 내마모성 등에서 많은 장점을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.297-302
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• 2013

Enhancement of photocatalytic activity of UV/photocatalysis was carried out to oxidize the gaseous $H_2S$ in a tubular reactor coated with photocatalyst of sol type $TiO_2$. EtOH was used as the standard material to select the photocatalyst, and it was confirmed that the reactor activity was dependent on the coated surface characteristics. The selected photocatalytic reactor, which coated with STS-01, showed about 80% conversion when the gas linear velocity was 0.01 m/s and relative humidity was 40%. However, the conversion level of the reaction decreased significantly with increasing gas linear velocity. Pt was loaded on the photocatalyst to enhance and maintain the performance of the reactor, which enhanced the conversion level of $H_2S$ more than 95% under the same experimental condition.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.374-380
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• 2019

Containers are fitted with various placards on the surface to indicate the risk of cargo. If the containers are loaded with dangerous goods, care should be taken in handling the containers. Therefore, as part of the port automation system, there is a demand for automatic placard recognition. In this paper, proposed is a method to extract placard areas from a container image, which is the first part of the placard recognition system. The fact that placards are of various types but all have a diamond shape can be an advantage in recognition. However, it is a disadvantage in recognition that the placards can be distorted in various ways because the container surface is not flat. When the proposed method was applied to actual images, type I error did not occur. In addition, since the shape feature of the object and basic image operations are used to extract regions of interest, it can be applied to various shape-based region extraction problems.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 1997

The combination of biological wastewater treatment process and membrane separation has many advantages such as better effluent quality and system stability over the conventional biological wastewater treatment process. In this study, direct membrane separation using nonwoven fabric was applied to biological wastewater treatment. A nonwoven fabric module was submerged in the aerated bioreactor. And accumulated biomass in the bioreactor was separated by suction. The system was operated with various condition to investigate pollutant removal efficiencies and flux. After formation of biomass layer on nonwoven fabric surface, a day, the stable effluent water quality was obtained. The flux decreased at a high suction pressure faster than a low pressure. The stable flux was obtained at the pressure of $21{\sim}25cmHg$. In spite of variation of hydraulic retention time, organic loading rate, the removal efficiencies of BOD, $COD_{Cr}$. $COD_{Mn}$ were very high as follows : $95.2%(0.14{\sim}0.97\;BODKg/m^3/day)$, $86.0%(0.17{\sim}1.39\;COD_{Cr}Kg/m^3/day)$, $90.0%(0.097{\sim}0.61\;COD_{Mn}Kg/m^3/day)$.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.603-620
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• 2021

A land nodal seismic system was employed to acquire seismic reflection data using stand-alone cable-free receivers in a land-river area. Acquiring reliable data using this technology is very cost effective, as it avoids topographic problems in the deployment and collection of receivers. The land nodal airgun system deployed on the mouth of the Hyungsan River (in Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk Province) used airgun sources in the river and receivers on the riverbank, with subparallel source and receiver lines, approximately 120 m-spaced. Seismic data collected on the riverbank are characterized by a low signal-to-noise (S/N) and inconsistent reflection events. Most of the events are represented by hyperbola in the field records, including direct waves, guided waves, air waves, and Scholte surface waves, in contrast to the straight lines in the data collected conventionally where source and receiver lines are coincident. The processing strategy included enhancing the signal behind the low-frequency large-amplitude noise with a cascaded application of bandpass and f-k filters for the attenuation of air waves. Static time delays caused by the cross-offset distance between sources and receivers are corrected, with a focus on mapping the shallow reflections obscured by guided wave and air wave noise. A new time-distance equation and curve for direct and air waves are suggested for the correction of the static time delay caused by the cross-offset between source and receiver. Investigation of the minimum cross-offset gathers shows well-aligned shallow reflections around 200 ms after time-shift correction. This time-delay static correction based on the direct wave is found essential to improving the data from parallel source and receiver lines. Data acquisition and processing strategies developed in this study for land nodal airgun seismic systems will be readily applicable to seismic data from land-sea areas when high-resolution signal data becomes available in the future for investigation of shallow gas reservoirs, faults, and engineering designs for the development of coastal areas.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.258-265
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• 2009

To develop environmentally friendly constructed wetlands(CWs) for treating domestic sewage which was produced in farming and fishing village, the efficiency of water treatment at different ventilation systems in the vertical bed, depths of horizontal bed, and sewage loads was investigated. In the vertical bed, BOD and COD by duplex ventilation system were lower than those by single ventilation system. But T-N and T-P concentrations by both ventilation systems in the vertical bed were little different. In the horizontal bed, BOD, COD, T-N and T-P in 1.0 m and 1.3 m depths were little different. To reduce the CWs' area and to improve the pollutant removal efficiencies, the optimum depth of horizontal bed was 1.3 m. In single and duplex ventilation CWs, the removal rate of BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P decreased slightly with the sewage load increases. In same sewage load conditions, the removal rates of BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P by duplex ventilation CWs were higher than those by single ventilation CWs. In summary, to effectively treat domestic sewage from farming and fishing village, the optimum constructed wetlands would be the duplex ventilation CWs.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.669-683
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to propose a modification of the previously proposed drainage system for catching the partial leakage of underground concrete structures. Two techniques were proposed for applying the drainage system only to the leaking parts. One was for conveying leaking groundwater to the collection point in the drainage system and the other was for conveying the collected groundwater to the primary drainage system of the underground concrete structure. Four waterproofing materials for conveying leaking groundwater to the catchment point of the drainage system, Durkflex made of porous rubber material, KE-45 silicone adhesive with super strong adhesion, Hotty-gel made of polymeric materials and general silicone adhesive were evaluated for waterproofing performance. Hotty-gel only showed perfect waterproof performance and the other three waterproof materials leaked. The modified drainage system with Hotty-gel and drainage pipe with fixed saddle to convey the leaking groundwater from the catchment point to the primary drainage system were tested on the concrete retaining wall. The waterproof performance and the drainage performance were evaluated by injecting 1,000 ml of water in the back of the modified drainage system at the 7-day, 14-day, 21-day, 28-day, 2-month and 3-month. There was no problem in waterproof performance and drainage performance of the modified drainage system during 3 months. In order to evaluate the construction period and construction cost of the modified drainage system, it was compared with the existing leaching repair method in surface cleaning stage, leakage treatment stage, and protective barrier stage. Total construction period and construction cost were compared in considering the contents of work, repair material, construction equipment, working time, and total number of workers. As a result of comparing and analyzing in each construction stage, it was concluded that the modified drainage system could save construction period and construction cost compared to the existing leaching repair method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2021

Sophora koreensis Nakai is an indigenous plant in Koreawith a restricted natural range, part of which is in Gangwon province. The species is known to contain phytochemicals that have beneficial effects on human health, and it is economically important in bioindustry. Because of the limited number of plants in a small range of habitats, the mass-propagation method should be developed for use and conservation. In vitro tissue culture is a reliable method in terms of mass propagation from selected clones of the species. We investigated the optimal conditions of the medium in this process, especially focusing on the concentrations of plant growth regulators(PGRs) in the culture of stem-containing axillary buds. Three statistical methods, i.e., ANOVA, response surface method(RSM), and fuzzy clustering were used to analyze the plant growth, number of shoots induced, and shoot length with various combinations of PGRs. Results from the RSM differed from those of the other two methods; thus, the method was not suitable. ANOVA and fuzzy clustering showed similar results. However, more accurate results were obtained using fuzzy clustering because it provided a probability for each treatment. On the basis of the fuzzy clustering analysis, stem tissue produced the greatest number of shoots(11.03 per explant; 63.33%) on a medium supplemented with 5-��M 6-benzylaminopurine and 2.5-��M thidiazuron(TDZ). Proliferation of shoots(2.18 ± 0.21 cm, 63.33%) was attained on a medium supplemented with 2.5-��M BA, 2.5-��M TDZ, and 2.5-��M gibberellic acid.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.257-266
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• 2013

The main purpose of this study is to develop a commercial scale of pervaporative process equipped with hollow fiber membrane modules, being able to effectually purify organic solvent at high temperature well over its boiling point under high vapor pressure. Three constituent technologies have been developed; 1) to fabricate braid-reinforced hollow fiber membrane stable in high pressure and high temperature application, 2) to design and fabricate a commercial scale of hollow fiber membrane module, and 3) to design and fabricate a pilot scale of pervaporation equipment system. The developed hollow fiber membrane possesses a membrane performance superior to the membrane of Sulzer (Germany) which is the most-well known for pervaporation process, and the membrane module equips hollow fiber membranes of $4.6m^2$ and the pervaporation system can treat organic liquid at 200 L/h, which is based on the dehydration of 95 wt% isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Since the membrane module is designed to flow in and pass through the inside of individual hollow fiber membrane, not to involve both the formation of feed's dead volume observed in flat-sheet membrane module and the channeling of feed occurring inside hollow fiber bundle which lower membrane performance seriously, it showed excellent separation efficiency. In particular, the module is inexpensive and has less heat loss into its surrounding, in compared with flat-sheet membrane module. In addition, permeant can be removed effectively from the outer surface of hollow fiber membrane because the applied vacuum is conveyed uniformly through space between fibers into respective fiber, even into one in the middle of the hollow fiber bundle in which the space between fibers is uniform in distance. Since the hollow fiber membrane pervaporation system is the first one ever developed in the world, our own unique proprietary technology can be secured, preoccupying technical superiority in export competitive challenges.