Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2021.4.603

Investigation and Processing of Seismic Reflection Data Collected from a Water-Land Area Using a Land Nodal Airgun System  

Lee, Donghoon (Petroleum and Marine Division, KIGAM)
Jang, Seonghyung (Petroleum and Marine Division, KIGAM)
Kang, Nyeonkeon (Petroleum and Marine Division, KIGAM)
Kim, Hyun-do (Geoview Co.)
Kim, Kwansoo (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University)
Kim, Ji-Soo (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University)
Publication Information
The Journal of Engineering Geology / v.31, no.4, 2021 , pp. 603-620 More about this Journal
Abstract
A land nodal seismic system was employed to acquire seismic reflection data using stand-alone cable-free receivers in a land-river area. Acquiring reliable data using this technology is very cost effective, as it avoids topographic problems in the deployment and collection of receivers. The land nodal airgun system deployed on the mouth of the Hyungsan River (in Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk Province) used airgun sources in the river and receivers on the riverbank, with subparallel source and receiver lines, approximately 120 m-spaced. Seismic data collected on the riverbank are characterized by a low signal-to-noise (S/N) and inconsistent reflection events. Most of the events are represented by hyperbola in the field records, including direct waves, guided waves, air waves, and Scholte surface waves, in contrast to the straight lines in the data collected conventionally where source and receiver lines are coincident. The processing strategy included enhancing the signal behind the low-frequency large-amplitude noise with a cascaded application of bandpass and f-k filters for the attenuation of air waves. Static time delays caused by the cross-offset distance between sources and receivers are corrected, with a focus on mapping the shallow reflections obscured by guided wave and air wave noise. A new time-distance equation and curve for direct and air waves are suggested for the correction of the static time delay caused by the cross-offset between source and receiver. Investigation of the minimum cross-offset gathers shows well-aligned shallow reflections around 200 ms after time-shift correction. This time-delay static correction based on the direct wave is found essential to improving the data from parallel source and receiver lines. Data acquisition and processing strategies developed in this study for land nodal airgun seismic systems will be readily applicable to seismic data from land-sea areas when high-resolution signal data becomes available in the future for investigation of shallow gas reservoirs, faults, and engineering designs for the development of coastal areas.
Keywords
and nodal airgun seismic system; parallel source-receiver lines; water-land time-delay correction; minimum cross-offset gather; Scholte surface wave;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Kim, J.C., 2003, Suppression of swell effect in high resolution shallow marine seismic data using cross-correlation schemes, M.Sc. Thesis, Chungbuk National University, 79p.
2 Kim, J.S., Moon, W.M., Lodha, G., Serzu, M., Soonawala, N., 1994, Imaging of reflection seismic energy for mapping shallow fracture zones in crystalline rocks, Geophysics, 59, 753-765.   DOI
3 Lee, D., Kim, B., Jang, S., 2016, Cable-free seismic acquisition system, Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration, 19, 164-173 (in Korean with English abstract).   DOI
4 Burger, H.R., 1992, Exploration geophysics of the shallow subsurface, Prentice-Hall, New York, 489p.
5 Freed, D., 2009, Acquiring seismic in urban environment, World Oil, December, 47-49.
6 Hwang, I.G., Son, J.H., Cho, S.M., 2021, Event stratigraphy of Yeonil Group, Pohang Basin: Based on correlation of 21 deep cores and outcrop sections, Journal of Geological Society of Korea, 5, 649-678 (in Korean with English abstract).   DOI
7 Katou, M., Abe, S., Saito, H., Sato, H., 2018, Reciprocal data acquisition and subsequent waveform matching for integrated onshore-offshore seismic profiling, Geophysical Journal International, 212, 509-521.   DOI
8 Auoad, A., Taylor, R., Millar, N., 2012, Seismic on the edge - a 3D transition zone seismic survey from concept to final volume, Proceedings of the 22nd ASEG Conference & Exhibition, Extended Abstracts, Brisbane, Australia, 1-5.
9 Kim, J.S., Han, S.H., Kim, H.S., Choi, W.S., Jung, C.H., 2001, High-resolution seismic reflection profiling on land with hydrophones employed in the stream-water driven trench, Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration, 4, 133-144.
10 Yilmaz, O., 2001, Seismic data analysis: Processing, inversion, and interpretation of seismic data, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, 2027p.
11 Baker, G.S., 1999, Processing near-surface seismic-reflection data: A primer, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, 77p.
12 Freed, D., 2008, Cable-free nodes: The next generation land seismic system, The Leading Edge, 27, 878-881.   DOI
13 Jung, M.S., Kim, K.Y., Huh, S., Kim, H.J., 1999, Identification of quaternary fault and shallow gas pockets through highresolution reprocessing in the East Sea, Korea, Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society, 2, 39-44 (in Korean with English abstract).
14 Lee, H.Y., Park, K.P., Koo, N.H., Yoo, D.G., Kang, D.G., Kim, Y.G., Hwang, K.D., Kim, J.C., 2004, High-resolution shallow marine seismic surveys off Busan and Pohang, Korea, using a small-scale multichannel system, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 56, 1-15.   DOI
15 Liberty, L.M., 2010, Seismic reflection imaging of the Mount Rose fault zone, Reno, Nevada: Report to the U.S. Geological National Earthquake Hazards Reduction (NEHRP) Program, CGISS Technical Report 10-02.
16 Reynolds, J.M., 2011, An introduction to applied and environmental geophysics, 2nd ed., Wiley-Black Well, Oxford, 696p.
17 Stucchi, E., Zgur, F., Baradello, L., 2005, Seismic land-marine acquisition survey on the great ancona landslide, Near Surface Geophysics, 3, 235-243.   DOI
18 VISTA, 2017, VISTA 2D/3D Full PRO seismic processing software, Schlumberger Ltd. USA.
19 Tim, D., Denis, S., 2019, Recent advances in nodal land seismic acquisition systems, ASEG, 2019:1, 1-4.
20 Mair, J.A., Green, A.G., 1981, High resolution seismic reflection profiles reveal fracture zones within a homogeneous granite batholith, Nature, 294, 439-442.   DOI
21 Zhu, J., Qiu, X., Kopp, H., Xu, H., Sun, Z., Ruan, A., Sun, J., Wei, X., 2012, Shallow anatomy of a continent-ocean transition zone in the northern South China Sea from multichannel seismic data, Tectonophysics, 554-558, 18-29.   DOI