• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.339-339
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• 2015

타이타늄을 2단계로 양극산화하여 색을 유지하며 표면에 튜브형태를 갖는 산화막을 제조하였다. 타이타늄을 양극산화 시, 전해질 농도, 양극산화 전압, 시간 등에 따라 다양한 색을 띄게 되는데, 기름기 등의 오염물질로 인한 색 변화, 내 지문성 등의 문제가 유발된다. 이에 타이타늄을 양극산화하여 나노튜브를 성장시킨 후, 기존 산화막 제조와 같은 조건으로 다시 양극산화하였다. 그 결과 기존 barrier 형태의 산화막 색이 구현되면서, 표면의 돌기형태에 따른 접촉각이 변화하게 되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.161-163
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 CFUBMS (Closed Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering) 방법을 사용하여 TiN 박막을 합성하는 과정에서 TiN 박막의 색상을 결정하는 공정변수(질소량, Substrate Bias, Target power, 합성 온도)의 영향에 관하여 연구하였다. 합성된 박막은 UV-vis spectrophotometer, AFM, XRD를 통하여 특성을 분석하였다. 공정변수 가운데 Target power의 변화와 합성온도의 변화는 합성된 박막의 색 변화에 크게 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 질소량의 변화와 Substrate bias 변화에 따라서는 색의 변화가 크게 나타났으며, 박막의 격자상수 차이로 인한 격자 간격에 차이가 생겨서 박막의 색이 붉은 갈색으로 변화게 됨을 확인 할 수 있었다. 한편 변수의 크기가 증가함에 따라 RMS가 증가하면서 $L{\ast}(brightness)$이 감소하게 되고 합성된 박막의 색은 노란색에서 붉은색으로 변화되는 결과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.227-228
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• 2009

플라즈마 공정 중에 플라즈마는 공정조건에 따라 다양한 빛을 발산하며, 이를 플라즈마 감시에 활용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 반도체 공정 중에서 발생하는 플라즈마의 색상 정보 (X, Y, Tc)를 수집했다. 그리고 공정 조건 중 소스파워와 바이어스파워의 값을 다양하게 변화시키면서 색 정보의 민감도를 비교, 분석하였다. 소스와 바이어스 파워의 변화에 대해 색 정보는 반대의 경향을 보였다. 또한 소스 파워의 경우 X, 그리고 바이어스 파워의 경우 Tc가 효과적인 감시 변수임을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.411-414
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• 2000

우리가 일반적으로 모니터에서 작업을 하는 경우 주로 백열등이나 형광등의 조명을 켠 상태에서 하게된다 이런 경우 모니터 상의 동일한 색도는 주위 조명이 바뀜에 따라 다르게 느껴지며 특히 주위 조명의 색도와 모니터의 색도가 틀린 경우는 더욱더 다르게 느껴진다[1]～[3]. 이 논문에서는 우리가 생활하는 일반 환경인 백열등이나 형광등 아래의 모니터 상에 영상을 재현 시 주위 조명의 영향을 고려한 색 재현 알고리즘을 제안한다. 임의의 환경에서 사람의 색 인식에 영향을 미치는 요소는 장면에 존재하는 조명의 색 특성과 물체의 색 특성에 의존한다. 단순한 물체의 표면 반사가 아닌 모니터 등의 조명 역할을 하는 표면이 존재하는 경우는 두 개 이상의 조명이 있는 형태이다. 두개 이상의 조명이 존재하는 경우, 사람들이 느끼는 백색점(white point)은 각 조명의 색도 벡터(chromaticity vector)의 조합으로 표현된다. 본 논문에서는 임의 환경에서 사람이 인식하는 백색점을 모델링하기 위하여 주위 환경이 백색점의 인식에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며 모니터 상의 색 재현시 주위 조명의 영향을 주위 조명에 의해 생성되는 모니터 표면의 경면 반사(specular reflection)에 의한 영향과 인간 시각의 색 순응(color adaptation) 백색점의 변화 두 가지로 나누어 분석하였다.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2016

In this study, the surface treatment of a self-cured temporary crown was polished using a denture bur, silicone bur, or pumice. The color stability of the temporary crown resin specimen was evaluated by immersing it in coffee, and cola, wine, beer, red pepper paste, or soybean paste. Two-hundred eighty-five identical resin specimens with six types of staining solution and three types of surface treatment were placed in a shaking incubator at $37^{\circ}C$. The degree of discoloration was observed using a time-lapse recording of days 1, 5, and 7. $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ were measured using a spectrophotometer, which shows the quantitative value of discoloration, and statistically processed after calculating ${\Delta}E^*$. The results show that as time passed, all the specimens showed a color change (p<0.001). The amount of color change was the greatest in in crowns with denture bur polishing on the day 1, 5, and 7. As the precipitation time increased, the ${\Delta}E^*$ value was also increased. Of the specimens immersed on day 1, the greatest color change in crowns polished with denture bur was observed in those immersed in red pepper paste, while the smallest color change was observed in those immersed in cola. On days 5 and 7, the greatest color change in crowns polished with denture bur was observed in those immersed in red wine. Crowns polished with silicone bur and immersed in soybean paste exhibited the smallest color change. Based on the results, compared to pumice polishing, silicone bur polishing results in better color stability, saves time and money, and is recommended for patients with temporary crowns.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2012

This study discusses a mercury amalgam gilding technique and examines how the color, surface and section of the gilt layer changes as the condition of heat treatment with mercury amalgam gilt object is changed. Some previous studies have mentioned reasons for various colors on gilt bronze artifacts depending on gilding manufacture and environment. However, reason for reddish color with gold on the artifacts' surface brought on high temperature corrosion has yet to be discussed and analyzed. A methodology was found in representing the mercury amalgam gilding technique and heat treatment test. According to the result of the heat treatment test, in the conditions of higher temperature and longer time, the oxidized layer on the gilt layer was distributed more widely and in the part when the oxide layer was eliminated, the gilt layer with a reddish color was observed. Moreover, in the surface observation of the specimen on which yellow and reddish colors were agitated, the changing aspects of its surface condition differed by colors. When investigated the section, it was observed that the void density and size became larger. After a test, the surface components changed; the temperature of heat treatment increased, component ratio of Hg and Au decreased gradually but component ratio of Cu increased. In regard to the gilt layer, as the time was longer and the temperature became higher for the heat treatment, the component ratio of Au and Cu by layers tended to change in inverse proportion. It is concluded that gilding techniques and the burial environment can make a difference in the surface color of the gilt layer on the gilt bronze artifacts, the high temperature corrosion that occurs by heat after they are manufactured is also one of the factors that affects their surface color.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.231-232
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• 2009

공정의 질 (Quality)과 장비생산성을 향상시키기 위해서는 플라즈마를 엄격히 감시해야 하며, 본 연구에서는 플라즈마 색 정보와 신경망을 결합한 감시 기법을 보고한다. 본 기법은 인-시추 색 정보 수집, 시계열 신경망 모델링, 그리고 CUSUM 제어로 구성된다. 제안한 기법을 소스전력을 변화시켜 발생한 색 정보에 적용하였으며, 신경망 모델은 비정상 플라즈마를 정확하게 탐지할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.469-481
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• 2006

Among the etiologic factors of enamel corrosion, daily intake has been considered with a profound interest, especially the intake of acidic drinks. It is thought that the rapid consumption of acidic drinks will not only results in the affection to the teeth but also to the surface of the tooth-colored restorative materials. Therefore, the puopose of this study is to examine the alterations occurred in the surface of the tooth-colored materials according to the exposed time, with 3 most common acidic drinks in contact with daily life. Resin-modified glass-ionomer, polyacid-modified composite resin, composite resin were immersed on 0.9% NaCl, Coke, orange juice, sports beverages as 4 groups in each. The surface hardness and the surface roughness of specimens were measured with following methods: before immersion, 1 day after immersion, 1-,2-,3-,4- weeks after immersion. Results were as follows. 1. Tooth-colored restorative materials, with the exception of composite resin, showed statistically significant changes in surface hardness and roughness when immersed on acidic drinks(p<0.05). 2. The degree of change in surface hardness and roughness occurred as follows, in order of severity from greatest to least resin-modified glass-ionomer, polyacid-modified composite resin, composite resin 3. Sports beverages resulted in greater alterations to surfaces than Coke and orange juice. 4. In the SEM image of the groups immersed in acidic drinks, resin-modified glass-ionomer and polyacid-modified composite resin showed loss of filer. Severe cracks were observed, especially on the resin-modified glass-ionomer.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.491-500
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• 2016

Fog is atmospheric in which tiny drops of water vapor are suspended in the air near the ground. Its form, occurrence, etc., change according to the temperature, relative humidity, wind and geographical features of the space around it. In particular, fog tends to occur near a source of water because of temperature and relative humidity difference. These days, climate change is increasingly affecting the occurrence of fog. Therefore the purpose of this study was to investigate how fog affects materials that are part of our cultural properties through outdoor exposure tests and artificial degradation. The degradation evaluation of materials as a function of fog occurrence frequency, showed that the color of metals changed noticeably, whereas dyed silk and Dancheong showed degradation on the surface and color differences but no particular tendencies. Therefore, damage prediction by color differences as a function of fog occurrence frequency was based on metal samples, which showed constant color differences. Through a comparison of the predictive value and color difference by outdoor exposure, the accuracy and applicability of the damage prediction formula was confirmed. If a more complex damage prediction formula is created, it is expected that prediction of the degree of material damage in the field would be possible.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.607-614
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• 2015

Generally surface finishing of building is done with water paint that performs basic water repellency and resisting. When painting the exterior of the building with water paint, application method is easy and inexpensive and it has the advantage of building maintenance. But surface finishing of water paint is easy to discolored or aging due to ultraviolet light so the effect is not satisfying than expected. Therefore this study is to analyze durability of water-repellent paints mixed with water-repellents as outer surface finishing materials, and evaluate its feasibility. Color change and color different due to the accelerated time were tested, and the feasibility was evaluated based on the test results. The experimental results of color different, brightness different and chromaticity suggested that water-repellent paints mixed with water-repellents were suitable for finishing materials. Considering overall general durability performances, stable mixing ratios were 2, 5, and 8%.