• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.87-108
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• 2007

The pollen morphology of 31 taxa, representing all woody species from 12 genera of Fabaceae in Korea, was examined by light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The pollen grains were monad and prolate spheroidal or rarely subprolate in equatorial view. The pollen grain aperture was trizonocolporate or rarely trizonooperculate, which does not occur in the other families of Fabales in Korea. The exine showed a great variety of sculpture pattern, i.e. psilate, microperforate, densely microperforate, perforate, polygonal perforate, macroperforate, macroperforate with granules in holes, polygonal macroperforate, verrucate with pitted perforate striae, verrucate-perforate, granulate, rugulate, reticulate or refined reticulate. The pollen morphological data supported the idea that the genera Echinosophora and Sophora were congeneric. Caragana (Galegeae) was quite close to the Sophora group (Maackia, Sophora and Echinosophora) of the Sophoreae in each measured pollen parameter and exine sculpture pattern. Eleven genera of Fabaceae were recognized based on differences in aperture type, pollen grain shape and exine pattern, and a generic pollen key of the woody Fabaceae in Korea was developed. A key to pollen types of Lespedeza was also suggested. The examined taxa of Coronilla and Wisteria were recognized by their exine patterns.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.32-32
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• 2003

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 1999

The pollen morphology of six taxa of the genus Indigofera in Korea was investigated by light microscope(LM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The pollen grains of the genus were monads, prolate spheroidal or subprolate, and trizonocolporate. Sculpture patterns of mesocolpium area were densely microperforate(DMIP) or verrucate with pitted perforate striae(VPPS). Based on sculpture patterns in mesocolpium, apocolpium and colpus areas, three major pollen types of Indigofera were discernible ; Decora, Kirilowii and Koreana. It seemed as if there was some relationship between chromosome numbers and mesocolpium sculpture patterns and the pollen types Decora and Kirilowii were branched out from the pollen type Koreana.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.182-188
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• 2002

We have analyzed the phase-calculation-error of a three-dimensional shape measurement system using the projection of phase shifted fringe patterns. In this study, we have dealt various errors; an error caused by the variation of quantization levels, an error caused by the defocus of fringe pattern projected images, an error caused by phase-shifting errors, an error caused by the intensity variation of the background and modulation amplitude of fringe pattern projected images during the projection of multiple patterns, an error caused by the distortion of sinusoidal shape of a fringe pattern. The results will contribute to the design of a three-dimensional shape measurment system and give an important meaning to the calculation and the analysis of the accuracy of a system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.80-81
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• 1998

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.440-452
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• 2019

This research has analyzed SI, the traditional steel, and SIHS(SI + HS), SICS(SI + CS), and SINiS(SI + NiS), the materials that were produced through welding and reprocessing three modern steel- HS, CS, and NiS- that have different carbon content. The purpose of the analyzation was to improve the definition of the multi-layered pattern that appears in the forging process. In observing modified structures on the commissures of three modern steel that have different carbon component to the SI, SINiS produced the most significant multi-layered pattern as well as the excellent welding quality. The excellent welding quality was due to the content of nickel which helped the forge welding process with other materials. There was no significant difference in crystal grain per materials, and SICS showed the highest hardness. At the measurement of EPMA for commissures of the materials, SINiS showed the highest definition of the multi-layered pattern due to the nickel and carbon content. The results above showed that the carbon steel with nickel content is the best material for the most definite multi-layered pattern, expressed from the multi-layered structure which is a characteristic of traditional forge welding technology. It is expected that the result of this research can be utilized as the technical data in further researches regarding the relics excavated from ancient welding process and their multi-layered structure and patterns.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 1995

우리나라 사과원에서의 토양병 발생현황과 발생실태를 1991년부터 1993년까지 3년간 조사한 결과, 전체 조사주수의 약 8.1%가 각종의 토양 병원균에 감염되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 토양병 중 자주날개 무늬병의 발생빈도가 5.1%로 가장 높게 조사되었으며, 흰날개무늬병과 역병의 이병주율은 각각 2.5%와 0.2%로 조사되었다. 자주날개무늬병에 감염된 나무에서는 잎의 황화 및 조기낙엽, 신초생장 억제, 과실 생육 불량 등의 지상부 병징이 관찰되었고, 지하부 뿌리 표면에는 적자색 실모양의 균사나 균사속이 관찰되었다. 감염된 뿌리의 표피는 쉽게 벗겨지고 목질부로부터 잘 이탈되는 특징이 있었다. 흰날개무늬병균에 감염된 나무의 뿌리는 흰색의 균사 혹은 균사막으로 싸여 있으며 이 균사막은 시간이 경과하면 회색 내지 흑색으로 착색되었다. 굵은 뿌리의 표피를 제거하면 목질부에 백색 부채모양의 균사막과 실모양의 균사속을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 병원균은 목질부까지 부패시키므로 병의 증세가 심하게 나타났다. 자주날개무늬병은 새로 개원한 10년 이하의 과원에서 발생이 많았다. 자주날개무늬병은 왜화도가 높은 대목에서 발병율이 높았으나 흰날개무늬병은 대목의 종류에 관계없이 발명되었다. 자주날개무늬병은 식양토 과원에서 발생이 많았으며 흰날개무늬병은 사양토 과원에서 발생이 많았다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4130-4135
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• 2013

This paper is a special-purpose machine studies for processing various patterns on the surface of the stone. We have developed a special-purpose machine that can be applied in various patterns upon the surface treatment of the stone with the water jet. The special-purpose machine is Configured of Transfer mechanism, motion controller, multi-nozzle mechanism, ultra high pressure water control system and S/W. We conducted a performance evaluation experiments of the pattern. We have developed a special-purpose machine with a precision of machining error ${\pm}0.5mm$ and pattern processing of various types.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.199-203
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• 1997

Fine displacement of spherical suface was detected and analyzed by Twyman-Green interferometer and the interferogram analysis using Fourier transform method. The surface profile was obtained from single interferogram by introducing the carrier freguency to the interferogram. The interferogram was processed in the spatial frequency domain by fast Fourier transform, and the phase distribution was obtained by inverse Fourier transform. The 3-dimensional distribution for the surface displacement was obtained. It was compared with the calculated surface displacement and the error was less than λ/10.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.203-221
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• 1994

Pollen grains of 19 taxa belonging to 12 genera in 5.families of the Korean gymnosperms were investigated by LM, SEM and TEM, and their morphological characters were described and palynological keys were made for each family. From the taxonomic viewpoint, palynological characters are very available to intergeneric and intrageneric classifications since their distinctive differences in pollen shape, size, condition of surface, sculpture pattern and presence of air bladders and projection except for the intrageneric classification of the genus Pinus since the overlapped characters such as pollen size and sculpture pattern. Pollen grains of Picea koraiensis in the family Pinaceae are distinguished from thc genera Pinus and Abies for the reasons that shape of air bladders are irregular, air bladders are bigger than pollen body, and pollen wall is thin. Compared with the genera Abies and Pinus that have air bladders, Picea koraiensis is closely related to Abies in that pollen body wall become gradually thin from pole of proximal face to air bladder, surface of pollen body is not rough, and pollen size is similar to that of the genus Abies. The presence of ektexine and enexine in proximal face, and the connections of the former to air bladder wall and the latter to distal face were elucidated by the investigation of pollen grains with air bladders through TEM. Endexine of the families of Taxaceae, Taxodiaceae and Cupressaceae was also obse-rved as a pile of laminae. From the observation by SEM, sculpture pattern of air bladder was foveolate with fine pits on surface. Sculpture pattern of air bladder is reticulate under LM, but observed by TEM, it resulted from the transmission of netted structure in air bladder.