• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.67-101
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the significant factors having an effect on voting behavior of legislators in the FTA ratification votes of the 18th and 19th National Assembly. The previous studies show that the ideology and party affiliation of lawmakers are the most important factors influencing voting decisions of legislators. The study investigates whether these factors plays a significant role in voting on the FTA ratification. Statistical results show three important findings. First of all, we expected that the influence of the party variable be the most important factor due to the strong discipline of the Korean party. However, the results show that the constituency-interest variable is the most influential factor in the all analyses. Likewise, the results show that the influence of ideology variables on voting behaviors is very strong even though its impact is different by cases and models. This indicates that in the analysis of the voting behaviors of legislators, it is necessary to examine the effect of ideological variables in depth and in various ways. In addition, the results reasonably suggest that the party variable be consistently important even though its statistical significance is not shown in some models. Because the study analyzes the voting on the free trade agreement(FTA) bill, the results may not be commonly applicable to other voting behavior of legislator. Likewise, there is a limit to discussing the general characteristics of lawmakers based on the analysis on the 5 FTA ratifications. Nevertheless, the finding of the study is very significant. This is because it comprehensively analyzed the factors having an influence on the voting behavior of the legislators on FTA ratifications submitted to the National Assembly steadily since the 16th National Assembly. In addition, the study is very meaningful because it analyzed the ideological variables of the legislators in various perspectives considering that it is not easy in measuring the ideology of the lawmakers.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.71-109
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out what factors influence lawmakers' voting decisions in the plenary session. In particular, the study examines causes and characteristics of waffling and strategic waffling, which express opposition or abstention in a discharge petition or a vote at the plenary session despite participating in a bill sponsorship. The study on waffling is meaningful because it has not been covered in previous literatures. To this end, the Gadeokdo New Airport Special Act, which the National Assembly passed in February 2021, was set as an analysis target. The study examined the factors that affected legislators' voting decisions and participation in bill sponsorship and who were related with waffling. Statistical results showed that the age variable influenced the motion of the bill while seniority and party affiliation had an effect on the participation of the bill. Likewise, the study found that party affiliation and district had an influence on the approval of the bill. In addition, the analysis of waffling showed that lawmakers with higher seniority tended not to participate in the vote. It could be interpreted that lawmakers with more legislative experience judged that they would benefit from strategic waffling. There is a limit to understanding lawmakers' decision-making and waffling through a limited analysis of the Gadeokdo New Airport bill. However, given that lawmakers tend to choose avoidance strategies in ambiguous situations, and given the high intelligence of lawmakers who know better than anyone about the future impact of a new bill, the decision-making shown by lawmakers in each stage of the situation is a prudent judgment gained from their experience. It indicates that it is necessary to research the legislative activities of lawmakers in various ways.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.187-217
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze whether there is gender difference in Members' voting on women's issue bills, and to find out determinants of Members voting decisions on the same bills. The findings are as follows. First, there is no gender difference in women's issue voting, so women Members as a group were not significantly different from men Members in voting behavior. That's not because women Members were split in voting but because both men and women Members are very supportive of the bills. Secondly, Members' party and ideology play a significant role in Member' voting on women's issue. Compared to the majority party(Uri party)'s overwhelming support, minority parties are much less supportive on the issues. Member's ideology also proved to be important indicator of voting decision. The more ideologically liberal Members are, the more supportive of the bills.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.69-101
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to verify that voting behavior of congressmen can vary depending on the different candidate selection methods of political parties. Specifically, this paper examines whether congressmen elected through a primary tend to deviate from the party line vote in the floor voting, compared to those who did not. As a result, it was founded that congressmen who went through competition of the primary are more likely to defect from the party line vote than who did not. This empirical evidence suggests that if the introduction of the open primary system is further expanded in the future, it may lead to weakening of party cohesion and reinforcing lawmakers' autonomy.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.523-541
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• 2014

We apply a Bayesian estimation procedure to the analysis of roll call voting records on 2,389 bills processed during the 18th Korean National Assembly. The analysis of roll calls yields useful tools for to combining the measurement of legislative preference with the models of legislative behavior. The current Bayesian procedure is extremely exible, applicable to any legislative setting, irrespective of the extremism of the legislator's voting history or the number of roll calls available for analysis. It can be applied to any legislative settings, providing a useful solution to many statistical problems inherent in the analysis of roll call voting records. We rst estimate the ideal points of all members of the 18th National Assembly and their condence intervals. Subsequently, using the estimated ideal points, we examine the factional disparity within each major party using the estimated ideal points. Our results clearly suggest that there exists a meaningful ideological spectrum within each party. We also show how the Bayesian procedure can easily be extended to accommodate theoretically interesting theoretical models of legislative behavior. More specically, we demonstrate how the estimated posterior probabilities can be used for identifying pivotal legislators.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.427-441
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• 1997

ㆍEXPRESS에 의한 AP214 Schema 정의 ㆍEXPRESS에 의한 Entity 정의 ㆍEXPRESS에 의한 TYPE, FUNCTION, RULE의 정의 ㆍAIM 축소 정보 모델 (Subset) 구성 ㆍAIM 축소 정보 모델의 예 ㆍ축소 정보 모델에 근거한 소규모 PDM시스템 AP214 개요 정식 명칭 : Core Data for Automotive Design and Processes 파트 번호 : ISO 10303-214 제안시기 : 1992년 STEP 시애틀 회의 (독일에 의하여 제안) 대상 내용 : 자동차의 기획 단계로부터 스타일링, 설계, 실험, 공정 계획, 툴 설계 및 제작, 품질 검사에 이르는 수명 전 주기상에 발생되는 제품 관련 정보 현 상태 : CD(Committee Draft) DIS (Draft International Standard) 표결 진행중(중략)

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.169
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• pp.50-52
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• 2007

REACH는 지속가능한 화학물질관리의 기본 축이 되는 법령으로서 현재 및 미래 세대의 건강과 환경을 보존하는 동시에 화학산업의 경쟁력을 높이기 위해 제정된 유럽연합의 신 화학물질 통합관리 제도이다. 신화학물질 관리정책의 핵심인 REACH 제도는 2003년 10월 EU지뱅위원회(안)이 발표된 후 3년여 간의 토론을 거친 수정안이 2006년 12월 18일 EU이사회에서 만장일치로 최종 채택되었다. 2006년 11월~12월 2차 독회와 표결을 거쳐 REACH 최종법령은 2007년 6월부터 시행됨에 따라 EU와 주요 국가의 산업체가 긴박하게 움직이고 있는 상황이다. 본 고에서는 REACH 제도 도입 배경 및 최근 국제 동향에 대해 살펴보도록 한다.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.31-39
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• 1993

IOS/IEC JTC1/SC27의 국제표준소개의 첫번째 편으로 DIS 9797을 소개한다. 이것은 1989년에 1차로 국제표준이 되었다가 결함이 발견되어 다시 작업이 시작되어 1992년 10월 SC27정기총회에서 CD(Committee Draft)에서 수정후 DIS(Draft Internationa Standard) 수준으로 올리기로 하여 1993년 3월 DIS로서 표결에 부쳐진 문서이다. 이해를 돕기 위하여 국문뒤에 원문을 덧붙였다. 번역이 적절하지 않거나 더 좋은 표현이 있으면 역자에게 알려주면 참고하여 추후의 수정본에 반영하겠다.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.107-131
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• 2018

This paper presents a model for the Minimum Wage Commission's decision process and analyzes the strategic actions of the participants in the process. The Minimum Wage Commission has used two ways of setting the minimum wage. The commission has voted either on the labor's against the management' final proposals or has voted on the public interest commissioners' proposal. According to the model, the minimum wage is determined at a level that is very close to or at a level preferred by the median voter among the public interest commissioners. But the probability of adopting labor or management proposal is ex-ante the same. Empirical evidence from the minimum wage decision process is consistent with the predictions of the model. The probability of adopting the labor's proposal in the minimum wage commission voting is not statistically significantly different from 50%. The model also suggests that the preference of the median voter among public interest commissioners determines the minimum wage level. Since the government appoints public interest commissioners and thus, in fact, the median voters, the government can decide the minimum wage level. This proposition is also consistent with data. The annual growth rate of the minimum wage under the progressive governments is higher than under conservative governments.

• JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORLD
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• s.323
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• pp.53-59
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• 2003

미국 일리노이주의 발전설비 기술기준 체계의 근간을 이루는 것은 ''보일러 및 압력용기안전법(Boiler and Pressure Vessel Safety Act)''(이하 ''법'')으로 일리노이주 의회의 표결이 의한 통과와 주지사의 재가에 의해 법률로 제정된다. State of Fire Marshal(이하 ''소방청'') Dvision of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Safety(이하 ''보일러 및 압력용기안전본부'') 그리고 Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Rules(보일러 및 압력용기법위원회)가 법의 제정, 대체 및 개정의 권한을 갖고 있다. 보일러 및 압력용기안전법은 1951년 제정되었으며, 법에서 규정한 예외사항을 제외한 보일러 및 압력용기의 건조$\cdot$설치$\cdot$수리$\cdot$유지$\cdot$교체$\cdot$사용$\cdot$운영에 대한 것을 규정하고 있다. 또한 ''보일러 및 압력용기법위원회''(이하 ''위원회'')를 설립하도록 하고 있다. 위원회는 법의 개정$\cdot$관리, 각종 수수료 책정 등 일리노이주의 보일러 및 압력용기에 대한 전반적인 사항을 관장한다. 보일러 및 압력용기안전법 2002년도 판의 내용을 기초로 하여 미국 일리노이주 발전설비 기술기준의 최근 체계에 대해 소개한다.