• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.93-108
• /
• 2023

In manufacturing productivity analysis, understanding the intricate interplay among factors like facility performance, layout design, and workforce allocation within the production line is imperative. This paper introduces a simulation-based methodology tailored to food manufacturing, progressively expanding scenarios to analyze production enhancement. The target system is a food processing plant, encompassing production processes, including warehousing, processing, subdivision, packaging, inspection, loading, and storage. First, we analyze the target system and design a simulation model according to the actual layout arrangement of equipment and workers. Then, we validate the developed model reflecting the real data obtained from the target system, such as the workers' working time and the equipment's processing time. The proposed model aims to identify optimal factor values for productivity gains through incremental scenario comparisons. To this end, three stages of simulation experiments were conducted by extending the equipment and worker models of the subdivision and packaging processes. The simulation experiments have shown that productivity depends on the placement of skilled workers and the performance of the packaging machine. The proposed method in this study will offer combinations of factors for the specific production requirements and support optimal decision-making in the real-world field.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2023

This study reports on the preparation of sodium caseinate-cardanol (CasNa/CL)-based papers coated with different amounts of bentonite (BN) for use as a sustainable packaging material. Their chemical and morphological structures, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability, surface properties, and antioxidant activity of coated papers was assessed as a function of the BN content. The drying of the CasNa/CL coated papers led to the formation of pinholes on their surfaces owing to the presence of trapped water resulting from the difference in the drying rate between the external surface and the inside of the coated layers. Increasing the BN content reduced the pinholes on surface of CasNa/CL/BN coated papers and highly decreased the water vapor transmittance rate of the papers from 387.3±1.9 g/m²·day to 269.25±4.5 g/m²·day. Free radical scavenging assays indicated the addition of CL to the CasNa exhibited the antioxidant activity and antioxidant activity of CasNa/CL/BN did not changed as increase of BN contents. The improved water vapor barrier property and antioxidant activity of CasNa/CL/BN coated papers can be promised for various packaging applications.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.323-328
• /
• 1998

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of chemical and mechanical treatment at mowing on the field drying rate and hay quality of autumn oat (Avena sativa L.). The chemical drying agent/mower conditioner ($K_2CO_3$ 2%, conditioning, $K_2CO_3$ 2% + conditioning and control) were treated at different harvest stages (late boot, heading and bloom stage) for hastening hay manufacture in the autumn of 1996. After field dry, square bales were made by hay baler, and the dry matter(DM) loss and visual estimation of oat hay were evaluated after storing two months. In general, the field drying rate of oat was slow, regardless of harvest stage. Mechanical and chemical + mechanical treatment were effective, but the effectiveness of chemical alone was very low. With mower conditioning, the duration of field dry was shortened by 2 days compared with control. The DM loss of hay was higher at boot stage(51.4%) than at heading stage (21.1%), and the DM loss was reduced by mechanical and chemical + mechanical combined treatment. The visual score (leafiness, green color, odor and softness) of hay after storing was high in mechanical and chemical + mechanical, but the score by chemical alone was very low. The nutritive value (ADF, NDF, digestibility, and relative feed value) of hay was also high with treatment of mechanical and chemical + mechanical, but the quality by chemical alone was similar compared with control. In conclusion, mower conditioning can enhance the field drying rate of autumn oat, but the drying efficiency of the chemical drying agent was very low. However, it is suggested that hay-making of oat in autumn is very hard though using mower conditioner.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.251-258
• /
• 1999

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of chemical /mechanical treatments at mowing on the field drying rate and hay quality of rye (Secale cereale L.). The chemical drying agent/mower conditioner ($K_2CO_3$ 2%, conditioning, $K_2CO_3$ 2% + conditioning and control) were treated at different harvest stage (late boot, heading and bloom stage) for hastening hay-making in the spring of 1996. After field dry, square bales were made by hay baler, and the dry matter(DM) loss, visual estimation and nutritive value of rye hay were evaluated after storing two months. The field drying rate of rye was higher with delayed stage of harvest, and mechanical and chemical + mechanical treatment, but the effectiveness of chemical alone was very low. With mower conditioning, the duration of field dry was shortened by 1.5 to 2 days compared with control. The DM loss of rye hay was reduced by late harvest and mechanical, and chemical + mechanical combined treatment, but the efficiency by chemical alone was very low. The visual score (Ieafiness, green color, odor and softness) of hay after storing was high in mechanical and chemical + mechanical, but the score by chemical alone was very low. The nutritive value (ADF, NDF, digestibility, and relative feed value) of hay was also high with treatment of mechanical and chemical + mechanical, but the quality by chemical alone was similar compared with control. The quality of hay was very low when harvested at bloom stage. In conclusion, mower conditioning can enhance the field drying rate of rye, but the drying effectiveness of chemical drying agent was very low. The effect of chemical/mechanical combined treatment was very similar when compared with mechanical alone. Harvest at early heading to heading stage was recommended for high quality rye hay.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.193-206
• /
• 2014

The objectives of the project are to increase farmers' income through GAP and to reduce the loss of agricultural produce, for which the Korean partner takes a role of transferring needed technologies to the project site. To accomplish the project plan, it is set to implement the project with six components: construction of buildings, installation of agricultural facilities, establishment of demonstration farms, dispatching experts, conducting training program in Korea and provision of equipments. The Project Management Committee and the Project Implementation Team are consisted of Korean experts and senior officials from Department of Agriculture, Myanmar that managed the project systematically to ensure the success of the project. The process of the project are; the ceremony of laying the foundation and commencing the construction of training center in April, 2012. The Ribbon Cutting Ceremony for the completion of GAP Training Center was successfully held under PMC (MOAI, GAPI/ARDC) arrangement in SAl, Naypyitaw on June 17, 2012. The Chairman of GAPI, Dr. Sang Mu Lee, Director General U Kyaw Win of DOA, officials and staff members from Korea and Myanmar, teachers and students from SAl attended the ceremony. The team carried out an inspection and fixing donors' plates on donated project machineries, agro-equipments, vehicles, computers and printer, furniture, tools and so forth. Demonstration farm for paddy rice, fruits and vegetables was laid out in April, 2012. Twenty nine Korean rice varieties and many Korean vegetable varieties were introduced into GAP Project farm to check the suitability of the varieties under Myanmar growing conditions. Paddy was cultivated three times in DAR and twice in SAl. In June 2012, vinyl houses were started to be constructed for raising seedlings and finished in December 2012. Fruit orchard for mango, longan and dragon fruit was established in June, 2012. Vegetables were grown until successful harvest and the harvested produce was used for panel testing and distribution in January 2013. Machineries for postharvest handling systems were imported in November 2012. Setting the washing line for vegetables were finished and the system as run for testing in June 2013. New water tanks, pine lines, pump house and electricity were set up in October 2013.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
• /
• 1998.10b
• /
• pp.149-149
• /
• 1998

차종구분의 필요성은 교통공학 및 계획분야에서 교통패턴을 파악할 필요가 있으며 도로의 포장설계와 같은 구조적 측면, 교통관련자료구축 등에서도 중요하다. 현재 국내에서 운영중에 있는 각종검지기 체계들은 외국에서 개발한 체계로서 여러 가지 다양한 센서를 복합구성하여 차종을 구분하는 고가의 장비들이다. 이에 대한 국내의 연구사례는 극히 드물다고 볼 수 있다. 지금까지 주를 이룬 국내 연구사례를 보면 루프검지기를 이용한 차종구분이 주를 이루고 있다. 현재 루프검지기의 대체검지기(영상검지기, 자석검지기)개발이 활발히 진행되고 있으며 본 연구에서 이용되는 검지기는 자석검지기로서 루프검지기에 비하여 설치가 간단하고 파손의 우려가 적으며 유지관리 및 보수가 손쉽고 비용면에서도 저렴하다는 것이 장점이라 하겠다. 이에 최근에 개발되어진 단일 자석검지기를 이용한 실시간 차종인식 알고리즘을 개발하고, 현장실험을 통한 현장 적용성을 검토한다. 고속도로에 설치되어 있는 자석검지기를 이용하여 자료를 수집하며 분석에 이용되는 자료는 개별차량에 대하여 자속밀도의 변화를 주파수값으로 변환한 Digital Data값이다. 그 수치를 토대로 각 차량의 점유시간을 파악하여 각 차량의 점유시간동안 파형의 특징을 추출하여 각 특징들을 기초로 하여 각 차량이 나타내는 고유의 파형을 식별하는 패턴인식 방법으로 접근한다. 본 연구에서는 검지기 매설장소의 유한성 및 연구대상 도로의 특성으로 인하여 다양한 차종의 자료수집이 용이하지 못하여 시험가능한 자료수가 많은 차종을 대상으로 분석한다. 차종인식 알고리즘상의 차종분류는 건설교통부 차종분류기준에 따라 우선 구분이 확실한 차종으로 나눈후 단계적으로 세부적 차종분류로 접근한다.의 영향들을 고려함으로써 가로망 설계 과정에서 가로망의 상반된 역할인 이동성과 접근성의 비교가 가능한 보다 현실적인 가로망 설계 모형을 구축하고자 한다. 지금까지 소개된 가로망 설계모형들은 용량변화에 대한 설계변수의 형태에 따라 이산적 가로망 설계 모형과 연속적 가로망 설계모형으로 나뉘어지게 된다. 본 논문의 경우, 계산속도의 향상 측면에서는 연속적 가로망 설계 모형을 도입할 수 있지만, 이때 요구되는 도로용량이 이산적인 변수(차선 수)로 결정되어야만 신호제어 변수를 결정할 수 있기 때문에, 이산적 가로망 설계 모형이 사용된다. 하지만, 이산적 설계모형의 경우 조합최적화 문제이므로 정확한 최적해를 구하기 위해서는 상당한 시간이 소요되며, 경우에 따라서는 국부 최적해에 빠지게 된다. 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위해, 우선 이상적 모형의 근사화, 혹은 조합최적화문제를 위해 개발된 Simulated Annealing기법의 적용, 연속적 모형의 변수를 이산화하는 방법 등 다양한 모형들을 고려해 본 뒤, 적절한 모형을 적용할 것이다. 가로망 설계 모형에서 신호제어를 고려하기 위해서는 주어진 가로망에 대한 통행 배정과정에서 고려되는 통행시간을 링크통행시간과 교차로 지체시간을 동시에 고려해야 하는데, 이러한 문제의 해결을 위해서 최근 활발히 논의되고 있는 교차로에서의 신호제어에 대응하는 통행배정 모형을 도입하여 고려하고자 한다. 이를 위해서 지금까지 연구되어온 Global Solution Approach와 Iterative Approach를 비교, 검토한 뒤 모형에 보다 알맞은 방법을 선택한다. 차량의 교차로 통행을 고려하는 performance function의 경우 비신호 교차로와 신호교차로에 대

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.65 no.4
• /
• pp.353-364
• /
• 2020

Recently in Korea, soybean harvesting has been delayed due to rainfall during the harvesting season, resulting in a reduction in yield and seed quality. This study was conducted to analyze the changes in yield and seed quality during delayed harvest with rainfall treatment using different harvesting methods, including field harvesting and polyethylene film covering after cutting fully-matured soybean plants (PE covering after cutting), with two major Korean soybean cultivars (Glycine max L), Pungsannamulkong and Daewonkong. The shattering rate of Pungsannamulkong, which is higher than that of Daewonkong, increased up to 41.8% when the harvest was delayed for 40 days without rainfall treatment by harvesting with PE covering after cutting. The weight of 100 seeds tended to decrease slightly as harvesting was delayed. When Daewonkong was harvested using the PE covering after cutting method with rainfall treatment, the yield decreased to the lowest level with a 0.8 kg ha^-1 daily reduction rate. Pungsannamulkong showed the lowest yield when harvested using PE covering after cutting without rainfall treatment with a 3.4 kg ha^-1 daily reduction rate. The infected seed rate increased according to the harvest delay in both cultivars, and significant differences were observed according to rainfall treatment and harvesting method. The germination rate was maintained above 95% even after 40 days of delayed harvest if there was no rainfall treatment. However, with rainfall treatment, the germination rate was significantly lowered as harvesting time was delayed. In the field harvesting with rainfall treatment, the germination rate decreased to 77.2% for Daewonkong and 76.5% for Pungsannamulkong after 40 days of harvest delay. For the 100-seed weight, effects of individual treatments and interactions between treatments were not observed. In contrast, the effect of interactions between treatments on the shattering rate was significant in both cultivars, indicating that the shattering rate had the greatest impact on the yield changes during delayed harvest.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 2011

This experiment was carried out to provide some information on the change of dry matter productivity and feed value (forage quality) according to growth stages of late-maturing variety, Hwasan 101, Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon from 2000 to 2002. In Suwon, booting, first heading, full heading and flowering stages of cv. Hwasan 101 were May 8, 18, 28 and June 3, respectively. Dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields of Hwasan 101 were tendency to be increased by the progress of growth. DM yield in first heading stage increased 50% more than DM 4,818 kg/ha of booting stage, and also DM yield in full heading stage was increased by 26% of DM 7,244 kg/ha of first heading. Crude protein content was decreased gradually by the progress of growth, which were 18.32, 15.12, 12.58 and 12.36% in booting, first heading, full heading and flowing stage, respectively. Acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents was increased and in vitro dry matter digestibility decreased gradually with progress of growth, but there was no difference between full heading and flowering stages. Considering DM yield and feed value of Italian ryegrass, the suitable cutting times seems between full heading and flowering stage.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 2002

Studies were conducted to investigate the control effects of several insecticides on Apolygus(=Lygocoris) spinolae(Meyer-Dur) and to develop its management strategies in grapevine yards. Of insecticides which were applied by farmers in commercial grapevine yards, chlorpyrifos, parathion, fenvalerate, and esfenvalerate$.$fenitrothion showed good control effects against A. spinolae. In designed field experiments of fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos for the evaluation of A. spinolae control, both insecticides showed high control efficacy of 94.8 and 91.6%, respectively. The damage of A. spinolae was examined in a grapevine yard, where five different combinations of application timing and number were treated with fenitrothion to assess yield losses (average cluster weight) by A. spinolae. There were no significant differences among average cluster weights of sprayed vines; 466.0 g in sprayed vines on 2 to 3 leaves unfolded stage, 460.7g in sprayed vines on flower separating stage, 465.0 g in sprayed vines each on 2 to 3 leaves unfolded and flowers separating stage, and 487.4 g in sprayed vines each on 2 to 3 leaves unfolded, flowers separating and fruit set stage. Weights of fruit clusters of unsprayed vines was significantly lower than those of sprayed vines. Based on yield and spray cost, chemical control on 2 to 3 leaves unfolded stage produced higher net income than each spray on 2 to 3 leaves unfolded and flower separating stage (i.e., two times of spray), and produced similar net income as each spray on 2 to 3 leaves unfolded, flowers separating and fruit set stage (i.e., three times of spray). Thus, the 2 to 3 leaves unfolded stage was economical spray timing to controlA. spinolae in grapevine yards. Also, management strategies for A. spinolae were discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.361-369
• /
• 2015

This study investigated residual characteristics of bistrifluron and fluopicolide in Korean cabbage, and suggested the pre-harvest residue limits (PHRLs) based on their dissipation patterns and biological half-lives. The pesticides were sprayed on Korean cabbage in two different region under greenhouse conditions at the recommended dose, respectively. The samples for residue analysis were harvested at 0 (2 hr), 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days after treatment, and analyzed by HPLC after clean-up with Florisil SPE. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was $0.03mg\;kg^{-1}$ for bistrifluron and fluopicolide, and the recoveries ranged from 87.2-110.6% with below 5% of RSD. The biological half-lives of field I and field II were 3.9 and 4.2 days for bistrifluron and 4.9 and 4.2 days for fluopicolide, respectively. The PHRL of bistrifluron and fluopicolide were recommended as 3.83 and $3.23mg\;kg^{-1}$ for 10 days before harvest, respectively.