• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.141-152
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• 2011

Cuttings based on water media are relatively low-cost and easy to manage compared to those based on soil media. Nevertheless, species that root out in water media are very few. Water-medium rooted cuttings are not widely used. In water media, the survival rate of cuttings is high, but in many cases, they only form callus while not rooting. If cuttings with callus formed in a water medium were to root and survive after being transplanted in soil, water-medium cuttings could be used as an important means of propagating landscape tree species. In this study, cuttings of Ternstroemia japonica having various reactions to water media were soaked in different types of water media. Their callus formation and rooting conditions were analyzed. The water-medium cutting swere then transplanted in soil, and conditions for their survival were examined. The study concluded: 1. Cuttings that only formed callus in water media were able to root and survive after being transplanted. 2. Cuttings with satisfactory callus formation showed more satisfactory survival conditions than those with unsatisfactory callus formation. 3. Cuttings rooted in water media showed a high survival rate of 96.6% after being transplanted. 4. Water-medium cutting of Ternstroemia japonica proved to be more effective in Late July or August than in late June. 5. Cuttings pre-treated in 50ppm-IBA for 24 hours showed better survival conditions than those that were not pre-treated inIBA. 6. Cuttings pre-treated in 50ppm-IBA for 24 hours and soaked in water media with 0.02% atonic, 0.02% polyoxin, and 0.01% polyoxin showed a rooting and survival rate of 80 to 85%. Regardless their low rooting rate, water-medium cuttings can show a high survival rate when these factors are considered: proper cutting time, plant hormone treatment, and types of water media. Accordingly, water-medium cuttings will emerge as major means of propagating landscape tree species that require small volumes of multi-species.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.159-166
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• 2004

This study were carried out to identify pathogens and determine the seasonal occurrence and chemical control of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) diseases from 2000 to 2002 in Gyengbuk province, Korea. Major diseases of safflower were, anthracnose caused by Colletotricum acutatum in open field, and gray mold by Botrytis cinerea in rain sheltered plastic house. Other diseases occurred were powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea, collar rot by Sclerotium rolfsii, leaf spot by Alternaria carthami and A. alternata, rust by Puccinia carthami, root-rot and stem-rot by Phytophthora cactorum, root-rot and wilt by Fusarium oxysporum and damping-off by Pythium ultimum. Seasonal occurrence of anthracnose on safflower has begun from late April, and increased until harvesting, especially rapid increased after rainfall during stem elongation season that is from May to June. In open fields, maximum incidence of anthracnose was 67 ％ in late July. But in rain-sheltered plastic house, it was very low, about 5％ in July. Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea was most important disease in rain-sheltered plastic house cultivation. Maximum incidence of gray mold on floral head was 27.4％, whereas other diseases occurred below 1 ％. In the test of the chemical control of the safflower anthracnose, metiram WP, carbendazim$.$kasugamycin WP and iminoctadintris$.$thiram WP were the highest controlling chemicals. In chemical control of gray mold, iminoctadintris$.$thiram WP, fluazinam WP and iprodion WP showed highest controlling effects.