• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.489-499
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• 1999

Background: The patient with bronchiectasis may have obstructive ventilatory impairment combined with mild restrictive ventilatory impairment due to fibrosis of surrounding lung parenchyme and pleural adhesions caused by chronic recurrent pulmonary infections. Since hyperinflation or emphysematous change can be occured in bronchiectasis, pulmonary functions such as lung volumes and diffusing capacity may also vary with associated emphysema. Methods: For the evaluation of lung volumes and diffusing capacity in bronchiectasis with respect to the anatomic types and severity of bronchiectasis, a total of 40 cases comprising 24 cases of tubular, and 16 cystic type of bronchiectasis were analyzed retrospectively. Correlation between lung functions and extent of bronchiectasis or associated emphysema detected in HRCT were also evaluated. Results: Vital capacity(VC) tended to decrease in cystic type than in tubular type. As the severity of bronchiectasis became serious, the VC were significantly reduced, whereas the total lung capacity(TLC), residual volume(RV) and its ratio to the total lung capacity(RV/TLC) had no significant difference. Lung clearance index(LCI) was significantly increased in cystic type than in tubular type, whereas the slope of phase III in single breath nitrogen curve($\triangle$N2/L) was not significantly changed regard to the type and severity of bronchiectasis. DLCO and DLCO/VA reflecting diffusing capacity were significantly decreased in cystic type and also as the severity of bronchiectasis became serious. The correlation coefficient of VC, DLCO and LCI with the extent of bronchiectasis were -0.322, -0.339 and 0.487, respectively, whereas other parameters were not significantly correlated with the extent of bronchiectasis. VC and DLCO correlated negatively with the extent of emphysema while RV, RV/TLC, LCI and $\triangle$N2/L correlated positively. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the reduction of VC and diffusing capacity or uneven distribution of inspired gas in bronchiectasis are related to both the extent of bronchiectasis and associated emphysema while increased residual volume be related to the extent of associated emphysema alone.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.548-557
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• 1993

Background: Bronchiectasis is a irreversible disease, a lot of cases of which are associated with chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema and bronchial asthma due to chronic recurrent pulmonary infection. Therefore, pulmonary functions in bronchiectasis may also vary with associated diseases or involved segments. Methods: For the evaluation of ventilatory dynamics in bronchiectasis with respect to the pathoanatomic types of bronchiectasis and the degree of dyspnea, a total of 93 cases comprising 45 cases of tubular, 30 saccular and 18 mixed type of bronchiectasis whose clinical diagnosis was confirmed by bronchography were analyzed retrospectively. They were also divided into two groups: those with Hugh-Jones dyspnea grade 1 & 2 (group I) and those with Hugh-Jones dyspnea grade 3 & 4 (group II). Pulmonary functions tested in this study were analyses of curves of forced expiratory volume and flow-volume, and determinations of maximal voluntary ventilation and closing volumes. Results: The results were as follows; 1) The vital capacity and parameters reflecting expiratory flow rate except PEF were significantly reduced in saccular and mixed type than that in tubular type of bronchiectasis. 2) In saccular and mixed type, the maximal voluntary ventilation tended to decrease while CV/VC tended to increase. 3) As the degree of dyspnea became serious, the involved segments were progressively increased. In contrast, ventilatory functions were significantly reduced in proportion to the severity of dyspnea. Conclusion: These findings suggest that in bronchiectasis, there be obstructive ventilatory impairment combined with mild restrictive ventilatory impairment, which becomes more prominent in saccular and mixed type and also as the degree of dyspnea progresses.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.433-439
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• 2008

A moving picture in online game is one of major ways to advertise online games, which gives a lot of help in playing game. In this case, a moving picture is compressed to variable bit rate for efficient storage use and network resource efficiency. Adaptable bandwidth allocation technique builds a transmission plan of a game moving picture. And, then some frames are discarded when transmission rate by the transmission plan is larger than available transmission rate, until transmission rate satisfies available transmission rate. Thus, performance evaluation factors in adaptable bandwidth allocation technique may be dependent on discarding order of a frame which transmission rate is much influenced. In this paper, in order to show the performance, a CBA algorithm, an MCBA algorithm, an MVBA algorithm, [6] and [7] algorithm were applied to a transmission plan in the adaptable band width allocation technique using various frame discard methods and performance evaluation factors were compared in among smoothing algorithms.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.381-387
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• 1999

Purpose: The International Labor Organization (ILO) has established an international standard for chest X-ray diagnosis of pneumoconiosis since 1980. However, there is a need for improved diagnosis and staging in occupational disease. We evaluated Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy quantitatively and correlated the scintigraphic findings with pulmonary function tests and chest X-ray results. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients underwent whole body scintigraphy with additional chest and abdomen images 48 hrs after intravenous injection of 185 MBq of Ga-67 citrate. Ten normal controls were also studied. Regions of interest (ROI) were drawn on the posterior image to measure counts from the liver and lungs (Lung/Liver Ratio). Results: L/L ratio according to the stages of chest X-ray classification were as follows; stage 0 (normal, n=10): $0.3948{\pm}0.0692$, stage 1 (n=10): $0.5763{\pm}0.1537$, stage 2 (n=11), $0.6849{\pm}0.1459$, stage 3 (n=4) $0.9913{\pm}0.0712$. There was a significant correlation between the scintigraphic L/L ratio and the X-ray stage (r=0.618, p<0.05). However, no significant correlation between L/L ratio and pulmonary function tests were observed (p>0.05). Conclusion: Quantitative Ga-67 scintigraphy can be a useful method for staging of silicosis. However, it is not a method to assess pulmonary functional impairment.

• Journal of Space Technology and Applications
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

In this paper, we described the development of a drag augmentation device for nanosatellite. Recently, space industry has entered the New Space era, and barriers to entry into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) for artificial objects such as small rockets and nanosatellite mega constellations have been significantly lowered. As a result, the number of space debris is increasing exponentially, and it is approaching as a major threat to satellite currently in operation as well as satellites to be launched in near future. To prevent this, international organizations like Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) have been proposed space debris mitigation guidelines. The Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) conducted KARI Rendezvous & Docking demonstration SATellite (KARDSAT) project, the first nanosatellites for rendezvous and docking technology demonstration in Korea, and we also developed drag augmentation device for KARDSAT Target nanosatellite that complied with the international guideline of post-mission disposal.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.141-149
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.525-528
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• 2021

본 논문은 산업현장이 아닌 카페등 생활현장에서의 폐기용 컵 처리를 목적으로, 사람을 대신해 지능적이고 기구학적으로 효율적인 다관절 메니퓰레이터의 설계 방법을 연구하였다. 다양한 장소에서 인간을 대신하여 임의의 위치에 있는 다양한 폐기 컵을 3D 카메라로 인식하여 알맞은 위치로 분리수거하는 6축 수직 다관절 모듈형 매니퓰레이터의 안정적인 동작을 위하여 기구부를 Yaw-Pitch-Pitch-Pitch-Yaw-Yaw의 6축 구조로 설계하고, 이를 구동하기 위한 관절 구동기의 용량을 분석하여 관절 구동기를 선정하며 전체적인 이해와 효율적인 분석을 위해 기구 전체의 외관을 3D 모델링 프로그램을 이용하여 구현하고 동작을 검증하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2013

This paper introduces waiting time based periodic packet discard policy for frame based scheduler. This policy can be used with conventional packet discard policy or buffer management schemes, such as drop-tail or random early detection. Proposed discard policy discards packets, which are stayed in the buffer longer than threshold, at every period of scheduling. This decision of discard is based on waiting time of packet. In this paper, mathematical analysis is performed with situation of network congestion. Also, the simulation is performed to evaluate the performance of proposed discard policy. In the result, proposed discard policy can limit queuing delay by threshold. Also, if the packet discard is performed before scheduling and threshold is set with smaller value than frame length, it can limit the throughput of traffic.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.229-235
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• 2001

Background : Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency is the only established genetic risk factor for emphysema. This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of the genotypes of A1AT genotypes in healthy Koreans. Method : The study population consisted of 380 Healthy Koreans enrolled at the Health Promotion Center in Kyungpook National University Hospital. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphim (RFLP) for detecting the A1AT variants M1(Ala), M1(Val), M2, S and Z were used. Results : The genotypes of subjects were as follows : M1(Val)/M1(Val), 254(66.8%) ; M1(Val)/M2, 105(27.6%) ; M2/M2, 19 (5.0%) ; and M1(Val)/M1(Ala), 2 (0.5%). There was no case with 'deficiency' alleles such as S and Z found in this study. Conclusion : These results suggest that A1AT deficient alleles are either extremely rare or not present in Koreans.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1992

Background: Cognitive deficit by hypoxia and/or hypercapnia is one of neuropsychological impairments frequently observed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The degree of cognitive deficit is variable among patients with similar level of hypoxia and/or hypercapnia, although a cause of this individual difference is well not known. COPD can be divided into two characteristic clinical entities including predominant emphysema and predominant bronchitis. This study was designed to evaluate the individual difference in cognitive deficit respond to hypoxia and/or hypercapnia in patients with COPD. Method: Sixteen patients with COPD (9 emphysema-dominant and 7 bronchitis-dominant) participated in this study. On admission arterial blood gas analysis and trail-making B (TMB) test for the evaluation of cognitive function were done in all patients. Mean TMB scores and the correlations between TMB scores and arterial blood gases were compared between two clinical groups. Results: 1) Mean TMB scores and arterial blood gases between two clinical groups were not different. 2) There was a tendency to be higher TMB score in hypoxemia, acidemia, and hypercapnia. However these findings were not statistically significant. 3) In emphysema-dominant group, $PaCO_2$ was mostly well correlated with TMB score (r=0.693). 4) In bronchitis-dominant group, arterial pH was mostly well correlated with TMB score (r=-0.526). Conclusion: Our data suggest that the individual difference in cognitive deficit respond to hypoxia and/or hypercapnia in patients with COPD may be dependent on their clinical entities, and arterial blood gases mostly well correlated with cognitive function that may be different according to their clinical entities.