• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 1997

수학의 각 분야 중에서 선형성을 가지는 부분은 그 이론이 가장 정연하게 처리되나 이것이 선형대수학이라는 학문으로 형성된 것은 최근의 일이며, 더욱이 선형대수는 그 광범위한 응용성으로 인하여 더욱 중요시되게 되었다. 선형대수의 교육적 의의는 함수의 특수한 경우인 선형변환을 다룸으로서 선형성을 지닌 수학의 구조를 쉽게 파악할 수 있다는 것이며 더욱이 해석기하 등에도 쉽게 응용할 수 있게 된다. 본 논문에서는 타인, 쌍곡선, 포물선인 이차곡선을 행렬을 이용하여 표현하고, 좌표축의 회전이동과 평행이동을 통하여 행렬을 대각화하고, 고유치의 부호에 의하여 이차곡선의 변환과 분류를 다루었으며 더불어 곡선의 개형을 알아보았다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.36S no.6
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• pp.37-44
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• 1999

In this paper, we present a new sliding surface with a time-varying repeated root for fast and robust tracking of higher-order uncertain systems. The repeated root is moved to target one with stabilizing the closed-loop time-varying system in sliding mode. This initial root is obtained so that shifting distance of the surface may be minimized with respect to an initial error, and the intercept is produced so that the surface may pass the initial error. Under the allowable input, fast shifting of the surface and movement of the repeated root enable the error convergence rate to be increased. The proposed sliding mode control makes the error always remain on the surface from the beginning, and therefore, the system is more insensitive to parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. In simulation, the effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by comparison with the conventional one.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.118-125
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• 2008

Purpose: On-line image guided radiation therapy(on-line IGRT) and(kV X-ray images or cone beam CT images) were obtained by an on-board imager(OBI) and cone beam CT(CBCT), respectively. The images were then compared with simulated images to evaluate the patient's setup and correct for deviations. The setup deviations between the simulated images(kV or CBCT images), were computed from 2D/2D match or 3D/3D match programs, respectively. We then investigated the correctness of the calculated deviations. Materials and Methods: After the simulation and treatment planning for the RANDO phantom, the phantom was positioned on the treatment table. The phantom setup process was performed with side wall lasers which standardized treatment setup of the phantom with the simulated images, after the establishment of tolerance limits for laser line thickness. After a known translation or rotation angle was applied to the phantom, the kV X-ray images and CBCT images were obtained. Next, 2D/2D match and 3D/3D match with simulation CT images were taken. Lastly, the results were analyzed for accuracy of positional correction. Results: In the case of the 2D/2D match using kV X-ray and simulation images, a setup correction within $0.06^{\circ}$ for rotation only, 1.8 mm for translation only, and 2.1 mm and $0.3^{\circ}$ for both rotation and translation, respectively, was possible. As for the 3D/3D match using CBCT images, a correction within $0.03^{\circ}$ for rotation only, 0.16 mm for translation only, and 1.5 mm for translation and $0.0^{\circ}$ for rotation, respectively, was possible. Conclusion: The use of OBI or CBCT for the on-line IGRT provides the ability to exactly reproduce the simulated images in the setup of a patient in the treatment room. The fast detection and correction of a patient's positional error is possible in two dimensions via kV X-ray images from OBI and in three dimensions via CBCT with a higher accuracy. Consequently, the on-line IGRT represents a promising and reliable treatment procedure.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.36 no.1 s.114
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• pp.30-44
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the location of the ideal bracket positioning plane in lingual orthodontics using the three-dimensional finite element method. Displacement of the anterior teeth were evaluated according to the vertical and the angular movements of the bracket positioning plane. To achieve the ideal movement of anterior teeth in the lingual central plane, the location of the force application point and the amount of the moment applied to the four incisors were evaluated. As the bracket positioning plane was moved parallel toward the incisal edge, uncontrolled tipping and extrusion of the maxillary and the mandibular incisors were increased. But lingual tipping of the crown was decreased in the maxillary and the mandibular canines. As the bracket positioning plane was inclined toward the incisal edge, lingual tipping was increased in the 6 anterior teeth and extrusion of incisors and intrusion of the canine was also increased. As the retraction hook of the canine bracket was elongated, lingual tipping and extrusion of the central incisor and mesial movement and extrusion of the lateral incisor were increased. In the canine, mesial and labial movements of the crown were increased. When the moment was applied to the 4 incisors of the maxillary and the mandibular arch in the lingual central plane, 280 gf-mm in the maxillary central incisor, 500 gf-mm in the maxillary lateral incisor, 170 gf-mm in the mandibular central incisor and 370 gf-mm in the mandibular lateral incisor produced bodily movement of the individual tooth.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.25-28
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• 2011

본 논문은 광학 격자 필름과 평행 렌즈를 이용하여 무안경 3D 디스플레이 시스템을 구현한 연구이다. 기존 패럴랙스 배리어 시스템에서는 시점에 따라 크로스토크가 발생하는 영역과 역 입체시 영역을 갖게 되는데 이는 시청자가 정확한 3D영상을 볼 수 없도록 한다. 이를 평행 렌즈를 이용하여 좌, 우안에 해당하는 영상을 평행하게 이동시켜 설계된 격자 필름의 위치에 맺힐 수 있게 하고 격자 필름으로 빛을 굴절시켜 각 눈에 해당하는 영상만 볼 수 있는 영역을 갖게 하였다. 제안하는 방법을 이용해 크로스토크를 회피하여 보다 정확한 3D영상을 볼 수 있도록 한다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2013

The camera motion is accompanied with the translation and/or the rotation of objects in frames of a video sequence. An unnecessary rotation of objects declines the quality of the moving pictures and in addition is a primary cause of the viewers' fatigue. In this paper, a novel method for correcting rotated frames in video sequences is presented, where the modified Mojette transform is applied to the motion-compensated area in each frame. The Mojette transform is one of discrete Radon transforms, and is modified for correcting the rotated frames as follows. First, the bin values in the Mojette transform are determined by using pixels on the projection line and the interpolation of pixels adjacent to the line. Second, the bin values are calculated only at some area determined by the motion estimation between current and reference frames. Finally, only one bin at each projection is computed for reducing the amount of the calculation in the Mojette transform. Through the simulation carried out on various test video sequences, it is shown that the proposed scheme has good performance for correcting the rotation of frames in moving pictures.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.73-88
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• 2007

In this paper, we study the symmetry of figures in elementary geometry. First, we investigate the historical and mathematical background of symmetry of figures and we explore the suitable teaching and learning methods for symmetry in elementary geometry. Also we study the major problem of geometry education that occurring in elementary school.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.18B no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 2011

Algorithms for intrinsic images reduce color differences in RGB images caused by the temperature of black-body radiators. Based on the reference light and detecting single invariant direction, these algorithms are weak in real images which can have multiple invariant directions when the scene illuminant is a colored illuminant. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a method of acquiring an intrinsic image by omnidirectional projection of an ROI and a translation of white patch in the ${\chi}$-chromaticity space. Because it is not easy to analyze an image in the three-dimensional RGB space, the ${\chi}$-chromaticity is also employed without the brightness factor in this paper. After the effect of the colored illuminant is decreased by a translation of white patch, an invariant direction is detected by omnidirectional projection of an ROI in this chromaticity space. In case the RGB image has multiple invariant directions, only one ROI is selected with the bin, which has the highest frequency in 3D histogram. And then the two operations, projection and inverse transformation, make intrinsic image acquired. In the experiments, test images were four datasets presented by Ebner and evaluation methods was the follows: standard deviation of the invariant direction, the constancy measure, the color space measure and the color constancy measure. The experimental results showed that the proposed method had lower standard deviation than the entropy, that its performance was two times higher than the compared algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.127-136
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• 2004

The soil arching in the backfill, which affects the magnitude and distribution of active earth pressure on a retaining wall, has also an effect on the stability and cross-sectional area of the retaining wall. In this study, results obtained from Paik's equation that includes arching effect on active earth pressure are compared with those from Coulomb theory to investigate the influence of the soil arching on active earth pressure, overturning moment, stability and cross-sectional area of translating rigid retaining walls. The comparisons show that the active forces including arching effects are always higher than those from Coulomb theory, irrespective of $\phi$ and $\delta$ values. The overturning moments, shear force and moment on the rigid wall are also higher when considering arching effects than when not considering arching effects. The deviation of shear forces and moments by including and excluding arching effects becomes maximum at the height of 0.02-0.08 times wall height from the base of the wall. Therefore, if a translating rigid retaining walls is designed based on Coulomb theory, the wall may reach sliding and overturning failures due to arching effect in the backfill and the cross-sectional area of the wall, especially at lower part of the wall, may not be sufficient to resist to shear force and moment.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.3-10
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• 2013

Please In this paper, to cope with biased impulsive noise problems, a new information potential is proposed that can move the transmitted symbol points by modifying the information potential designed with Dirac-delta functions. Based on the proposed information potential a new blind algorithm is derived by employing an augmented filter structure. From the simulation results in the environment of biased impulsive noise, the conventional algorithms yield performance degradation by over 15 dB, but the proposed algorithm shows no performance degradation and holds the same steady state MSE of below -25 dB as after the initial convergence regardless of the channel conditions.