• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.185-185
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• 1994

관상동맥은 전기적으로 자극하여도 활동전위가 쉽게 유발되지 않는 조직인데, 이는 세포내의 $Ca^{2+}$에 의해서 활성화되는 $K^{+}$통로때문이라고 여겨지고 있다. 저자들은 단일 이온통로 수준에서 이러한 관상동맥 $K^{+}$ 통로의 성질을 조사하고, 아울러 $K^{+}$ 통로 개방제를 포함한 몇가지 약물이 $K^{+}$ 통로에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 막소포는 돼지의 심장에서 관상동맥을 분리하여 균질화 및 원심분리하여 준비하였으며, sucrose 20/30%에 있는 층을 취하여 분주한 후 -7$0^{\circ}C$로 보관하여 사용하였다. 평지방막은 1-palmitoyl, 2-oleoyl-phosphatidyl ethanolamine과 1-palmitoyl, 2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (4:1)을 n-decane에 녹인지방액(25mg/m1)을 200 $\mu\textrm{m}$의 구멍에 칠하여 만들었다. 단일 $K^{+}$ 통로는 막소포 (1-5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml)를 평지방막의한쪽에 추가하고 자석으로 저어 융합이 되도록 하였으며, 통로의 활성은 막의 양쪽에 150 mM KCI, 10 mM HEPES-KOH, 0.5 mM EGTA, 0.6 mM $CaCl_2$ (pH 7.2)로 된용액이 존재하는 상태에서 막전압을 다르게 하며 기록하였다. 단일 이온 통로 전류는 amplifier를 통하여 VCR tape에 녹화하여 후에 분석에 이용하였으며, 동시에 종이기록지에 기록하였다. 단일이온통로 활성의 분석은 pClamp (Ver5.5)를 이용하여 수행하였다. 관상동맥에서 가장 흔히 기록되는 이온통로는 막전압과 $Ca^{2+}$의 농도에 의하여 변하는 $K^{+}$ 통로이었는데 pCa 4.0과 -10 mV에서 초기 활성도(Po)는 0.1에서 0.8까지 다양하였다. 전류와 전압과의 관계는 -60 - +60mV의 전압범위에서 직선형이었다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.631-644
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• 2006

The study area is a pocket beach which consisted of sandy beach, dune, agricultural land and residential area etc. The coastal dune area is classified to foredune, dune plain, secondary (or back) dune. The foredune area is covered by herbaceous dune plants(ex. Carex kobomugi, Wedelia prostrata, etc.), whereas the dune plain area is covered by herbs and shrubs(Vitex rotundifolia). The most inner area, secondary dune, is planted by pine forest(Pinus thunbergii). The mean size of the beach and dune sediments ranges from 1.1 to $1.8{\Phi}$, which mean these values are higher than normal sediments. Sorting and Skewness is $0.6{\sim}-1.2{\Phi}$ and $-2.7{\sim}1.6{\Phi}$ respectively. We found that the soil formation process in the secondary dune area has been progressed rapidly from the analysis of fine grain content, organic matter content, and CEC.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6135-6142
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• 2012

This study is conducted to understand the different characteristic of the inner and outer spacing of Sarangche Numaru according to their geographical location conditions during its construction in 15-16th century. The results showed; first, for hill-type, the side of the Numaru that is in contact with the Sarang Madang makes a short side of Sarangche Numaru regardless of the Orientation and for flatland-type, the side of the Numaru in contact with the Sarang Madang makes a long side of Sarangche Numaru. Secondly, for hill-type, Sarang Madang is not focused as the main view, instead it supports the view of the mountains that are around however, for flatland-type, Sarang Madang is focused as the main view therefore, an inner garden is formed inside Sarang Madang. Lastly, for hill-type, Cho Shan is used as an appropriative landscape while for flatland-type, Sarang Madang is used as the main view and an inner garden is formed because of the diversification of Sarang Madang's function.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.221-229
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• 2011

Road design needs to ensure the economic justification and the preservation of nature by adapting road alignment to the natural terrain. Though current road design guideline only defines a flat and a mountainous terrain, classification including rolling terrain should be needed while considering the fact that about 25.8% of our land can be classified as rolling and the road design guideline of developed countries such as United States and Australia has a terrain classification including rolling in order to take a deep consideration on the natural environment. The study attempts to draw a criterion to classify the assumed three individual terrains in a quantitative way by using a index like the undulation of the original ground profile. The study carried out a case study based on a conceptual frame developed in the study as an approach to differentiate each terrain. As a result, the study suggests a criterion in that a flat terrain has less than 40 meters in the difference between the highest and the lowest point of original ground from 40 to 60 meters for rolling terrain, and greater than 60 meters for mountainous respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.177-182
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• 2017

The purpose of the study is to investigate the intravenous access of paramedics in ambulance. The study consisted of confidence change in pre and post intravenous access by driving condition and speed of the vehicle. The research subjects were 30 119 paramedics (20 level 1 emergency medical technicians, 10 nurses), and 6 ambulance driving conditions were established in order to measure the number of attempts at intravenous access. The data was collected for 9 days from May 18 through May 27, 2017. The results show no disparities in number of attempts in terms of stop conditions and flat section driving conditions(p=.161) although there were significant disparities in unpaved road(p=.003), speed bump(p=.005), curve(p=.022), and slope(p=.003) section driving conditions. Confidence appeared to significantly rise(p=.000) after the experiment. In conclusion, it is recommended that swift intravenous access inside an ambulance while driving is attempted when the vehicle has come to a stop or a flat section and paramedics should maintain their confidence in intravenous access through continued training.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.660-672
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• 2015

The rural housing is a key element of the rural landscape. The studies on the rural housing have focused on folk housing, but this study focuses on the comtemporary rural housing. The research area is the eight rural settlements on the sea islands of Gyeongnam. This study may provide the base for an understanding Korean rural landscape through the analysis of the rural housing types with special reference to the roofing types and materials. Most roofing types but the flat roofing type belong to the traditional roofing types. Among the combined-style roofing(결합양식지붕) types, the pitched-and-flat roofing(경사-평지붕) type is about ten times more frequent than the pitched-and-pitched roofing(경사-경사지붕) type. The most frequent roofing materials are cement, precoated steel plate(컬러강판), and artificial slate(인조슬레이트). Five typical types of rural housing are derived from the remarkable combinations of roofing types and roofing materials in the research area.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.206-214
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• 2001

Cooling rate shows the highest as about 0.7$^{\circ}C$/hr on spring season and the lowest as about 0.3$^{\circ}C$/hr on september at plain place. The correlation coefficient between net radiation and cooling rate from sunrise to sunset was 0.63$^{**}$, It became higher to 0.90$^{**}$ when the wind speed decreased lower than 0.5 m/sec, and it decreased as the wind speed increased. On a clear and calm day, cooling rates were observed as 1.4$^{\circ}C$/hr on the plain (site 1, 2, 3), 1.2$^{\circ}C$/hr on the slope (site 4, 5) and 0.6$^{\circ}C$/hr on the top of mountain (site 6). In condition of the wind speed is 1.2~2 m/sec on a clear and calm day and the temperature on the top of mountain is lower than that of slope and plain, the temperature on the slope (site 4,5) was increased unlike our expectation.ion.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.33-39
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• 2011

Biped robot with high DOF has instability in mechanism. Therefore, it is important to guarantee walking stability of biped robot. Biped robot can stably walk on the flat ground using static walking patterns. However, walking stability of robot becomes increasingly worse on the uneven terrain. In the paper, we propose a robust walking algorithm of biped robot with motion stabilization to solve the problem The proposed algorithm was designed to stabilize walking motions based on the inclination of robot body using a gyro sensor and a accelerometer equipped in the center of the upper body. If unstable motions are recognized, angles of each joints are modified to increase stability by using compensation of angles of lower legs. The experimental results show that biped robot performs stable walking on the uneven terrain.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.73-84
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• 2018

In the northern Cheongsong, there are occurred igneous intrusions: Cheongsong dike swarm, Jungtaesan laccolith, Galpyeongji stock. The swarm is composed of rhyolitic dikes that have developed many various spherulites. The dikes represent an geometrically radical pattern centering the Galpyeongji stock, but also geochemistry of the intrusions indicate the swarm source. Here we report the compositional data for 28 samples from the three intrusions. All of the intrusions belong to rhyolitic composition, but according to compositional correlation, there are considerable overlaps between intrusion compositions. In particular, the Cheongsong dike swarm is divided into several dike groups by rock color and shows compositional diversity, but the composition of the dikes generally overlap with compositions of other intrusions. The Jungtaesan laccolith is enriched in alkali, $K_2O$ and $Al_2O_3$ and depleted in $Fe_2O_3{^t}$, $TiO_2$ and REE compared to the Cheongsong dike swarm. In contrast, the Galpyeongji stock is narrow in composition range, and commonly has sharp compositional overlaps with the Cheongsong dike swarm. According to the compositional correlations, the stock is considered to be a source of the swarm and it is connected to an episode of volcanism.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.123-138
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• 2004

This study was to investigate the planting arrangement of ornamental trees and shrubs that leads to an appropriate, type of templescape. Temples sampled for this study were Woljonsa, Sineunsa, Sinreugsa and Mitasa which fall all under the category of the level land. The results obtained were as follows : Open space of Daewoongjeon in all temples, a main Sanctuary among temple buildings, where Buddha is enshrined in, we could not find any kinds of trees/shrubs to be planted. But tere were Acer mono, Acer planmatum, Crataegus pinnatifidam Raododendron poukhanense, Texus cuspidata and Buxus mincrophylla to be planted, before Jeokkwangjeon, in which Buddha is exceptionally enshrined. In Geugragjeon of both temples of Sinheunsa and Sinreugsa, and Elysium building and Muryangsujeon of Woljeongsa temple, an immeasurable bliss building, in which an Amitabha is enshrined. was Taxus cuspidata planted numerously found. Particularly, Josadang, Muryangsujeon and Samsungkag of Woljeongsa temple commonly had Sciadopiys verticillata, which is known as one of Japanese-favorite trees. Syinga oblata Lindaley was also observed at Jeokkwangjeon of Woljeongsa temple and Keungnakjon of Sinheungsa temple, and Vidurnun opulus var. calvesvens, a symbolic flower tree imaging Buddha's head, was planted in Myungboojeon of Sinheungsa temple and Keugnakjeon of Sinreugsa temple. Juniperus chinensis which could be observed in both temples Sinheunsa and Sinreugsa was well arranged enough to be easily captured by human's eyes. In terms of templescape that might be considered in templescape, the correlation between trees/shrubs and temple buildings was thoroughly discussed. And, with the results obtained through precise studies, we presented here in this paper newly designed model of templescape in level land buddhist temples which is possibly applied for planting and arrangement of trees or/and shrubs.