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The Heading Response and Characterization of the Adaptable Heading Ecotypes of Korean Rice Varieties in Dandong, China (중국 단동 지역에서 국내 벼 품종의 출수 반응과 적응 출수생태 특성)

  • Woonho Yang;Hongguang Ju;Jeong-Ju Kim;Areum Han;Jung-Wook Yang;Eun Young Kim;Shingu Kang;Dae-Woo Lee;Mi-jin Chae;Moung Na Shin;Dongchun Jin;Jin Piao;Jichun Wang;Feng Zhu
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.68 no.3
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    • pp.106-113
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    • 2023
  • We examined the heading responses of rice varieties over two years in Dandong, China to select the varieties that are adaptable to the bordering northwestern plains of North Korea. Dandong had slightly lower mean temperature than Sinuiju, North Korea but slightly higher than Supung, but it had almost the same day-length as the two regions in North Korea. In the two experimental years and two transplanting-date treatments, eight varieties (Jinbuol, Baegilmi, Joun, Jinok, Jopyeong, Jinbu, Sanhomi, and Odae) from South Korea and five varieties (Olbyeo2, Sonbong9, Onpo1, Gilju1, and Pyongdo5) from North Korea reached the heading stage not later than the latest heading dates of Dandong domestic varieties and the safe marginal heading dates of Dandong. We examined the basic vegetative phase (BVP), photoperiod-sensitivity (PS), and thermo-sensitivity (TS) of rice heading in a phytotron study to characterize the heading ecotypes of rice varieties adaptable to Dandong. For the rice varieties grown in Dandong experimental field, number of days to the heading stage was highly positively correlated with PS and, except middle and mid-late maturing three varieties, it was significantly positively correlated with BVP. Two-dimensional distribution plotting revealed that both 35 days or less BVP and 25 days or less PS were the characteristic heading ecotypes of the rice varieties adaptable to Dandong.

Community Structure of Natural Monument Forest (Forest of Japanese Torreyas in Pyeongdae-ri, Jeju and Subtropical Forest of Nabeup-ri, Jeju) in Jeju-do (제주도 천연기념물 수림지(제주 평대리 비자나무 숲과 제주 납읍리 난대림)의 군집구조)

  • Jeong Eun Lee;Yo Seob Hwang;Ho Jin Kim;Ju Heung Lee;Chung Weon Yun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.112 no.4
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    • pp.393-404
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    • 2023
  • The Natural Monument Forest (NMF) is a form of natural and cultural heritage that has symbolized the harmony between nature and culture in Korea for a long time. Recently, the NMF has deteriorated due to industrialization and reckless city expansion. Given this situation, it is necessary to preserve and manage the ecosystem of the NMF through preferential research regarding the forest community structure. Accordingly, this study sought to identify the community structure by analyzing the vegetation classification, stratum structure,and species diversity using vegetation data collected from the Forest of Japanese Torreyas in Pyeongdae-ri, Jeju and the Subtropical Forest of Nabeup-ri, Jeju. The results classified the forest vegetation as a Litsea japonica community group divided into two communities: a Torreya nuciferacommunity and a Quercus glauca community. The T. nuciferacommunity was subdivided into the Idesia polycarpa group and Dryopteris erythrosora group, while the Q. glauca community was subdivided into the Mercurialis leiocarpa group and Arachniodes aristata group. The T. nucifera species showed the highest level of importance in vegetation units 1 (Litsea japonicacommunity group-Torreya nucifera community-Idesia polycarpa group) and 2 (Litsea japonica community group-Torreya nucifera community-Dryopteris erythrosora group), whereas Q. glauca showed the highest level of importance in vegetation units 3 (Litsea japonica community group-Quercus glauca community-Mercurialis leiocarpa group) and 4 (Litsea japonica community group-Quercus glauca community-Arachniodes aristata group). In terms of the species diversity, vegetation units 1, 2, 3, and 4 had 2.866, 2.716, 2.222, and 2.326 species, respectively. These findings suggest that it is necessary to prepare a differentiated management plan for each vegetation unit.

Effect and Satisfaction according to the Review of the Electronic Document of Environmental Impact Assessment - Focus on Cost and Carbon Emissions Reduction - (환경영향평가서 전자문서 검토에 따른 효과와 만족도 - 비용 및 탄소 배출 저감을 중심으로 -)

  • Mina Choi;Jungkwon Kim;Seonmi Lee
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.30-41
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    • 2024
  • The way we work is changing significantly with the rapid development of digitaltechnology, and paper documents are being replaced by electronic documents. However, in accordance with the Enforcement Decree and Enforcement Regulation of the Environmental Impact Assessment Act, the environmental impact assessment report must submit a set number of paper reports to organizations related to the project, and about 42 years have passed since it was submitted as a paperreport. In 2022, the National Institute of Ecology introduced a system to review paperreports as electronic documents in line with the trend of digital transformation. The cost reduction and carbon emission reduction effects of electronic document review were analyzed for 1,398 environmental impact assessments submitted and reviewed in 2022. In addition, a satisfaction survey was conducted targeting type 1 environmental impact assessment companies that were directly affected, and a total of 134 people responded. As a result of analyzing the effect of reviewing electronic documents, costs are reduced by a total of 101,424,900 won per year and carbon emissions are reduced by about 59.7 tons. As a result of the satisfaction survey, 94.8% of the respondents said electronic documentreview was very helpful, and 4.5% said it was helpful. The effectiveness of electronic documentreview was high, with 94.8% of respondents saying it was helpful in economic terms and 91.8% saying it was helpful in reducing work hours. If electronic documents are reviewed through the revisions to the Enforcement Decree and Enforcement Regulation of the Environmental Impact Assessment Act, the implementation of electronic document review is expected to have a ripple effect across the country, not only reducing costs and carbon emissions, but also reducing administrative time and saving storage space. Rapid changes in law and administration are needed to adapt to the digital transformation era.

Soil Physical Properties of Arable Land by Land Use Across the Country (토지이용별 전국 농경지 토양물리적 특성)

  • Cho, H.R.;Zhang, Y.S.;Han, K.H.;Cho, H.J.;Ryu, J.H.;Jung, K.Y.;Cho, K.R.;Ro, A.S.;Lim, S.J.;Choi, S.C.;Lee, J.I.;Lee, W.K.;Ahn, B.K.;Kim, B.H.;Kim, C.Y.;Park, J.H.;Hyun, S.H.
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.344-352
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    • 2012
  • Soil physical properties determine soil quality in aspect of root growth, infiltration, water and nutrient holding capacity. Although the monitoring of soil physical properties is important for sustainable agricultural production, there were few studies. This study was conducted to investigate the condition of soil physical properties of arable land according to land use across the country. The work was investigated on plastic film house soils, upland soils, orchard soils, and paddy soils from 2008 to 2011, including depth of topsoil, bulk density, hardness, soil texture, and organic matter. The average physical properties were following; In plastic film house soils, the depth of topsoil was 16.2 cm. For the topsoils, hardness was 9.0 mm, bulk density was 1.09 Mg $m^{-3}$, and organic matter content was 29.0 g $kg^{-1}$. For the subsoils, hardness was 19.8 mm, bulk density was 1.32 Mg $m^{-3}$, and organic matter content was 29.5 g $kg^{-1}$; In upland soils, depth of topsoil was 13.3 cm. For the topsoils, hardness was 11.3 mm, bulk density was 1.33 Mg $m^{-3}$, and organic matter content was 20.6 g $kg^{-1}$. For the subsoils, hardness was 18.8 mm, bulk density was 1.52 Mg $m^{-3}$, and organic matter content was 13.0 g $kg^{-1}$. Classified by the types of crop, soil physical properties were high value in a group of deep-rooted vegetables and a group of short-rooted vegetables soil, but low value in a group of leafy vegetables soil; In orchard soils, the depth of topsoil was 15.4 cm. For the topsoils, hardness was 16.1 mm, bulk density was 1.25 Mg $m^{-3}$, and organic matter content was 28.5 g $kg^{-1}$. For the subsoils, hardness was 19.8 mm, bulk density was 1.41 Mg $m^{-3}$, and organic matter content was 15.9 g $kg^{-1}$; In paddy soils, the depth of topsoil was 17.5 cm. For the topsoils, hardness was 15.3 mm, bulk density was 1.22 Mg $m^{-3}$, and organic matter content was 23.5 g $kg^{-1}$. For the subsoils, hardness was 20.3 mm, bulk density was 1.47 Mg $m^{-3}$, and organic matter content was 17.5 g $kg^{-1}$. The average of bulk density was plastic film house soils < paddy soils < orchard soils < upland soils in order, according to land use. The bulk density value of topsoils is mainly distributed in 1.0~1.25 Mg $m^{-3}$. The bulk density value of subsoils is mostly distributed in more than 1.50, 1.35~1.50, and 1.0~1.50 Mg $m^{-3}$ for upland and paddy soils, orchard soils, and plastic film house soils, respectively. Classified by soil textural family, there was lower bulk density in clayey soil, and higher bulk density in fine silty and sandy soil. Soil physical properties and distribution of topography were different classified by the types of land use and growing crops. Therefore, we need to consider the types of land use and crop for appropriate soil management.

Sentiment Analysis of Korean Reviews Using CNN: Focusing on Morpheme Embedding (CNN을 적용한 한국어 상품평 감성분석: 형태소 임베딩을 중심으로)

  • Park, Hyun-jung;Song, Min-chae;Shin, Kyung-shik
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.59-83
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    • 2018
  • With the increasing importance of sentiment analysis to grasp the needs of customers and the public, various types of deep learning models have been actively applied to English texts. In the sentiment analysis of English texts by deep learning, natural language sentences included in training and test datasets are usually converted into sequences of word vectors before being entered into the deep learning models. In this case, word vectors generally refer to vector representations of words obtained through splitting a sentence by space characters. There are several ways to derive word vectors, one of which is Word2Vec used for producing the 300 dimensional Google word vectors from about 100 billion words of Google News data. They have been widely used in the studies of sentiment analysis of reviews from various fields such as restaurants, movies, laptops, cameras, etc. Unlike English, morpheme plays an essential role in sentiment analysis and sentence structure analysis in Korean, which is a typical agglutinative language with developed postpositions and endings. A morpheme can be defined as the smallest meaningful unit of a language, and a word consists of one or more morphemes. For example, for a word '예쁘고', the morphemes are '예쁘(= adjective)' and '고(=connective ending)'. Reflecting the significance of Korean morphemes, it seems reasonable to adopt the morphemes as a basic unit in Korean sentiment analysis. Therefore, in this study, we use 'morpheme vector' as an input to a deep learning model rather than 'word vector' which is mainly used in English text. The morpheme vector refers to a vector representation for the morpheme and can be derived by applying an existent word vector derivation mechanism to the sentences divided into constituent morphemes. By the way, here come some questions as follows. What is the desirable range of POS(Part-Of-Speech) tags when deriving morpheme vectors for improving the classification accuracy of a deep learning model? Is it proper to apply a typical word vector model which primarily relies on the form of words to Korean with a high homonym ratio? Will the text preprocessing such as correcting spelling or spacing errors affect the classification accuracy, especially when drawing morpheme vectors from Korean product reviews with a lot of grammatical mistakes and variations? We seek to find empirical answers to these fundamental issues, which may be encountered first when applying various deep learning models to Korean texts. As a starting point, we summarized these issues as three central research questions as follows. First, which is better effective, to use morpheme vectors from grammatically correct texts of other domain than the analysis target, or to use morpheme vectors from considerably ungrammatical texts of the same domain, as the initial input of a deep learning model? Second, what is an appropriate morpheme vector derivation method for Korean regarding the range of POS tags, homonym, text preprocessing, minimum frequency? Third, can we get a satisfactory level of classification accuracy when applying deep learning to Korean sentiment analysis? As an approach to these research questions, we generate various types of morpheme vectors reflecting the research questions and then compare the classification accuracy through a non-static CNN(Convolutional Neural Network) model taking in the morpheme vectors. As for training and test datasets, Naver Shopping's 17,260 cosmetics product reviews are used. To derive morpheme vectors, we use data from the same domain as the target one and data from other domain; Naver shopping's about 2 million cosmetics product reviews and 520,000 Naver News data arguably corresponding to Google's News data. The six primary sets of morpheme vectors constructed in this study differ in terms of the following three criteria. First, they come from two types of data source; Naver news of high grammatical correctness and Naver shopping's cosmetics product reviews of low grammatical correctness. Second, they are distinguished in the degree of data preprocessing, namely, only splitting sentences or up to additional spelling and spacing corrections after sentence separation. Third, they vary concerning the form of input fed into a word vector model; whether the morphemes themselves are entered into a word vector model or with their POS tags attached. The morpheme vectors further vary depending on the consideration range of POS tags, the minimum frequency of morphemes included, and the random initialization range. All morpheme vectors are derived through CBOW(Continuous Bag-Of-Words) model with the context window 5 and the vector dimension 300. It seems that utilizing the same domain text even with a lower degree of grammatical correctness, performing spelling and spacing corrections as well as sentence splitting, and incorporating morphemes of any POS tags including incomprehensible category lead to the better classification accuracy. The POS tag attachment, which is devised for the high proportion of homonyms in Korean, and the minimum frequency standard for the morpheme to be included seem not to have any definite influence on the classification accuracy.

Segmentation of Airborne LIDAR Data: From Points to Patches (항공 라이다 데이터의 분할: 점에서 패치로)

  • Lee Im-Pyeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.111-121
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    • 2006
  • Recently, many studies have been performed to apply airborne LIDAR data to extracting urban models. In order to model efficiently the man-made objects which are the main components of these urban models, it is important to extract automatically planar patches from the set of the measured three-dimensional points. Although some research has been carried out for their automatic extraction, no method published yet is sufficiently satisfied in terms of the accuracy and completeness of the segmentation results and their computational efficiency. This study thus aimed to developing an efficient approach to automatic segmentation of planar patches from the three-dimensional points acquired by an airborne LIDAR system. The proposed method consists of establishing adjacency between three-dimensional points, grouping small number of points into seed patches, and growing the seed patches into surface patches. The core features of this method are to improve the segmentation results by employing the variable threshold value repeatedly updated through a statistical analysis during the patch growing process, and to achieve high computational efficiency using priority heaps and sequential least squares adjustment. The proposed method was applied to real LIDAR data to evaluate the performance. Using the proposed method, LIDAR data composed of huge number of three dimensional points can be converted into a set of surface patches which are more explicit and robust descriptions. This intermediate converting process can be effectively used to solve object recognition problems such as building extraction.

Tentative Suitability Criteria for the Consolidation of Cultivated Upland in Korea (밭 경지정리(耕地整理) 적합지역(適合地域) 선정기준(選定基準) 시안(試案))

  • Jung, Yeun-Tae;Son, Il-Soo;Yun, Eul-Soo;Sonn, Yeon-Gyu;No, Young-Pal
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.81-85
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    • 1996
  • Tentative consolidation criteria, a kind of land suitability classification, was established for cultivated upland soils. The criteria were composed of systematically quantified individual soil properties such as physiography(relief), slope, available soil depth etc., and local features such as soil complexity, mapping unit separation, width/length ratio etc. The criteria was applied to upland soils in granite area, and sedimentary rock area. It was clear that the comparison of local features among candidated areas, and classification of suitability classes for land consolidation of upland soils was satisfactory for selection. The status of the areas classified to "Well suitable" were distributed on alluvial plains or less dissected rollings with lower complexity of soils occurred and extended acreage in each mapping unit. On the other hand, the areas classified as "Unsuitable" were distributed on the elongated narrow valleys with quite divided mapping units by paddy fields on the valley bottom.

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A Study on Estimation Technique of Manoeuvring Difficulty Using the Ship Manoeuvre Simulator for Berthing/Deberthing (선박 접이안 조종 시뮬레이터를 이용한 조종위험도 평가 기법에 관한 연구)

  • Yang Seung-Yeul;Sohn Kyoung-Ho;Lee Hee-Yong;Ha Mun-Keun;Kim Hyun-Soo;Lee JIn-Ho;Im Nam-Kyun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.81-87
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    • 2004
  • It includes the considerable concentration and dangerousness as the peculiar work of a pilot and dock-master to berthing/deberthing the big object as for the ship within the port or the ship yard. A tug utilization is getting increased in this berthing/deberthing work and the own ship is affected a lot by external force due to moving with low advance speed. In this study, we constructed the 2 dimension virtual system which can conduct the berthing/deberthing manoeuvring work by using mainly tugs in a external force, particularly strong wind. Also, propose objective standard that could estimate the degree of manoeuvring difficulty, and conducted simulation experiment for this. we analyzed correlations between the subjective estimation which is described numerically the decreased dangerousness and the objective index which is related to the main parameter regarding manoeuvring by using this simulator from the result of conducting simulation experiment. And then we discussed the estimation technique of manoeuvring difficulty.

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3-Dimensional Tunnel Analyses for the Prediction of Fault Zones (파쇄대 예측을 위한 터널의 3차원 수치해석)

  • 이인모;김돈희;이석원;박영진;안형준
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.99-112
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    • 1999
  • When there exists a fault zone ahead of the tunnel face and a tunnel is excavated without perceiving its existence, it will cause stress concentration in the region between the tunnel face and the fault zone because of the influence of the fault zone on the arching phenomena. Because the underground structure has many unreliable factors in the design stage, the prediction of a fault zone ahead of the tunnel face by monitoring plans during tunnel construction and the rapid establishment of appropriate support system are required for more economical and safer tunnel construction. Recent study shows that longitudinal displacement changes during excavation due to the change of rock property, and if longitudinal displacement and settlement, which are measured in the field, are considered together in displacement analysis, the prediction of change in rock mass property is possible. This study provided the method for the prediction of fault zones by analyzing the changes of L/C and (Ll-Lr)/C ratio (L= longitudinal displacement at crown, C = settlement at crown, Ll = longitudinal displacement at left sidewall, Lr = longitudinal displacement at right sidewall) and the stereographic projection of displacement vectors which were obtained from the 3-D numerical analysis of hybrid method in various initial stress conditions.

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참돔 노지종묘생산과 요각류 번식을 위한 적정 시비제

  • 방인철;박상용;권성민;신현웅
    • Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.3-63
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    • 2003
  • 우리나라 서해안의 폐염전 또는 대하양식장을 이용한 해산어 종묘생산이 조피볼락, 감성돔, 숭어 등을 대상으로 이루어지고 있다. 이렇게 생산된 종묘는 기형개체가 전혀 없는 건강 종묘이며, 생산 원가 또한 육상수조식에 비해 최고 5배정도 낮다. 한편 참돔은 육상수조에서 종묘생산시 기형률이 비교적 높게 나타나므로 노지를 이용한 종묘생산이 요구되고 있다. 현재 노지 종묘생산시 요각류 번식을 위한 시비제로는 암모니아, 인산염, 칼륨 등이 함유되어 있는 화학비료(요소, 복합비료)나 계분, 돈분, 우분 등의 유기질 비료가 주로 사용되고 있다. 그러나 화학비료를 사용시 급격한 수질변화로 요각류의 폐사가 발생하고, 매년 지속적인 생산량을 기대하기가 어려운 문제점이 있다. 따라서 적절한 시비제를 구명하기 위하여 유기질 비료(알팔파, 숙성계분)와 화학비료(요소, 복합)를 단독 또는 병행 사용하여 2개월간의 동ㆍ식물플랑크톤의 변동량과 치어의 생존율을 조사한 결과, 유기질 비료는 부화자어가 입식된 이후에도 연속하여 시비하여도 생존율에 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 화학비료의 경우 일정 농도 이상에서는 동ㆍ식물플랑크톤의 번식에 장애를 초래하였고 이에 따라 자어가 전량 폐사하였다. 실험군의 생존율은 육상수조에서 40%, 알팔파와 숙성계분을 시비한 실험군이 15%, 요소, 복합, 알팔파를 시비한 실험군이 10%, 요소, 복합, 숙성 계분을 시비한 실험군이 8%, 요소와 복합을 시비한 실험군은 0%를 나타내었다. 또한 기형률에 있어 노지 실험군은 0.7%로 매우 낮게 나타났으나, 육상수조 실험군은 61%에 해당하는 치어가 기형이었으며, 그 형태도 다양하게 나타났다.fer, Artemia sp., copepods, 부화 25일째부터는 copepods였다. 초기성장은 부화직후 전장 1.95 mm였던 것이 10일째는 2.96 mm, 20일째는 3.89 mm, 30일째는 12.9 mm, 50일째는 35.1 mm를 나타내었다. 그러나 말쥐치 자ㆍ치어가 성장함에 따라 발생하는 지속적인 폐사와 종묘의 수송시 발생하는 폐사를 줄일 수 있는 방법이 추후에 해결되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.8,000~215,000 마리의 자어를 낳아서 개체에 따라 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 1999년에는(어미 : 전장 20.7~25.5cm, 체중 205.5~396.4g) 1 회 출산때마다 7,000~50,000 마리의 자어를 출산하였다. 3. 출산간격. 다회 출산한 쏨뱅이 어미가 첫 번째 출산에서 다음 출산까지 소요되는 기간을 조사한 결과 13일에서 25일이 걸리는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 4회 출산 한 1998년 쏨뱅이 어미는 첫 번째 출산 후 19일만에 두 번째 출산이 이루어 졌고 각각 13 일과 14 일만에 세 번째, 네 번째 출산이 이루어져 총 46일 동안 4회에 거쳐 자어를 출산하였다. 4. 출산자어의 크기. 1997년 3회 출산한 쏨뱅이의 출산시기별 자어 크기를 조사한 결과 첫 번째 출산에서는 평균전장 4.1$\pm$0.07mm의 자어를 낳았으나 두 번째 출산에서 자어의 크기는 평균전장이 3.9$\pm$0.11mm, 세 번째 3.8$\pm$0.12mm로 점차 작은 경향을 나타내었다..27mm(평균 1.76mm, n=20) 그리고 Snout length 0.74~l.67mm(평

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