• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.54-57
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• 1991

The width of head capsule of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), was measured on the 5th generation larvae reared with artificial diet. The mean widths of head capsule of each instar were: 1st, 0.246 mm; 2nd, 0.35 mm; 3rd, 0.546 mm; 4th, 0.809 mm; 5th, 1.242 mm; and 6th, 2.185 mm. The coefficient of variation (%) of each instar were: 1st, 8.6; 2nd, 9.5; 3rd, 15.1; 4th, 11.2; 5th, 12.0; and 6th, 12.9. The growth ratio of each instar were: 2nd, 1.43; 3rd, 1.55; 4th, 1.48; 5th, 1.54; and 6th, 1.76. The fitness(%) to Dyar's law of the measurement of head capsule width were: 1st, 94.7; 2nd, 98.3; 3rd, 98.7; 4th, 94.8; 5th, 94.6; and 6th, 92.2. When the logarithm of the width is plotted against the number of instars, the calculated regression line is highly significient (Log Y = -0.819 + 0.1872X, $r^2$ = $0.9977*{**}$) and Dyar's constant was 1.54.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.182-188
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• 2012

In this study we analyzed carbon emissions of leaves of a Pinus densiflora which is vulnerable to a forest fire using the cone calorimeter in order to analyze greenhouse gas emissions from forest fires depending on region and altitude. Fuels were collected from 9 regions[Hongcheon(Gangwon-do), Chungsong(Gyeongbuk-do), Yanhpyeong (Gyeonggi-do), Jecheon(Chungchongbuk-do), Gongju(Chungcheongnam-do), Wuju(Jeollabuk-do), Youngam(Jeollanam-do), Busan and Jeju-do)] and 9 altitudes(80 m, 450 m, 900 m, 1000 m, 1100 m, 1200 m, 1300 m, 1400 m and 1500 m) and then, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions contained in a weight of 50 g of fuel were analyzed. According to the results, there were differences in carbon emissions by regional groups, as the average carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions in 9 regions were nearly 43.5929 g to 52.8868 g, and 0.8842 g to 3.6422 g, respectively. Busan and Jecheon had relatively higher carbon dioxide emissions and especially, Busan had 1.23 times higher carbon dioxide emissions than Jeju-do. Also, Gongju, Chungcheongnamo Province and Busan had relatively higher carbon monoxide emissions and especially, Gongju and Pusan had relatively higher carbon monoxide emissions and especially, Gongju had 4.12 higher carbon monoxide emissions than Hongcheon. In addition, there were differences in carbon emissions too depending on altitude, since carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions in 9 altitudes were respectively, 40.7015 g to 68.9297 g and 1.3923 g to 12.2918 g. At the altitude of 80m, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions were respectively, 68.9297 g and 12.2918 g, and at the altitude of 450m, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions were respectively, 65.5115 g and 11.2497 g. These results show that pine trees at the lower altitude discharge relatively more carbon. It is considered that this analysis on carbon emissions depending on region and altitude can be effectively used for predicting greenhouse gas emissions and establishing statistical data from forest fires in each region and altitude.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.114-120
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to conduct the study of the combustion and thermal characteristics through transportation oil for the analysis of fire hazard. Transportation oil breaks down into fuels such as diesel for civilian demands, gasoline, DF1(diesel for military), high sulfur diesel(for marine), kerosene and JP1(for aviation), and lubricants like brake fluid, power steering oil, engine oil, and automatic and manual transmission oil. The experiments of flash point, ignition point, flame duration time, heat release rate were carried out using TAG closed cup flash point tester(AFP761), Cleveland open cup auto flash point analyzer(AFP762), KRS-RG-9000 and Dual cone calorimeter. As a result, the fuel's ignition points were lower than lubricants, especially that of gasoline was not conducted as it has below zero one. Gasoline has the highest ignition point of about $600^{\circ}C$, while the other fuels showed $400{\sim}465^{\circ}C$. For flame duration time, lubricants had over 300 seconds, but fuels had less than 300 seconds except high sulfur diesel(350 seconds). Total heat release rate ranged $287{\sim}462kW/m^2$ for lubricants and gasoline showed the highest total heat release rate, $652kW/m^2$.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.6
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• pp.1588-1597
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• 1996

This paper describes an estimation method for lexical probabilities in Korean lexical disambiguation. In the stochastic to lexical disambiguation lexical probabilities and contextual probabilities are generally estimated on the basis of statistical data extracted form corpora. It is desirable to apply lexical probabilities in terms of word phrases for Korean because sentences are spaced in the unit of word phrase. However, Korean word phrases are so multiform that there are more or less chances that lexical probabilities cannot be estimated directly in terms of word phrases though fairly large corpora are used. To overcome this problem, similarity for word phrases is defined from the lexical analysis point of view in this research and an estimation method for Korean lexical probabilities based on the similarity is proposed. In this method, when a lexical probability for a word phrase cannot be estimated directly, it is estimated indirectly through the word phrase similar to the given one. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is effective for Korean lexical disambiguation.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 1994

This paper proposes two Bayes estimators and their evaluation algorithms of the software reliability at the end testing stage in the Smith's Bayesian software reliability growth model under the data prior distribution BE(a, b), which is more general than uniform distribution, as a class of prior information. We consider both a squared-error loss function and the Harris loss function in the Bayesian estimation procedures. We also compare the MSE performances of the Bayes estimators and their algorithms of software reliability using computer simulations. And we conclude that the Bayes estimator of software reliability under the Harris loss function is more efficient than other estimators in terms of the MSE performances as a is larger and b is smaller, and that the Bayes estimators using the beta prior distribution as a conjugate prior is better than the Bayes estimators under the uniform prior distribution as a noninformative prior when a＞b.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.341-350
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• 1993

As an effort to develop an alternative transportation fuel, the production of methanol from methane gas was studied using the resting cells of an obligatory methanotroph, Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b. The reaction was carried out in high concentration phosphate buffer solutions with the flask-grown cells containing the exclusively cytoplasmic methane monooxygenase (sMMO) activity. The methanol accumulation rate was observed to be 79nmo1/mg·min during the initial 4.5hr. Phosphate-dependent inhibition was found for both sMMO and methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) activities, and the inhibition constants were 185mM and 42mM, respectively. The inhibition mode was noncompetitive. Methanol was found to be very inhibitory to the sMMO activity and the inhibition constant (noncompetitive) was 21mM when propylene was used as substrate. The sMO activity in the resting cells was declined very fast and the rate became very high during the methanol production. These results indicate that the use of M. trichosporium OB3b as a biocatalyst for the methanol production is heavily dependent on the stable maintenance of the whole-cell SMO activity as well as the effective alleviation of product inhibition.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 2018

The establishment of an effective bidding system is critical to ensure both the high quality of civil infrastructure and proper earning of contractors. However, the continuous changes of a bidding system in South Korea reveal that problems such as a dumping or high price winning have not been fully resolved yet. This study thus aims at understanding the bidding behavior and strategies of contractors by analyzing a tender ratio in historical data. Multiple regression analysis is conducted to understand the effect of internal and external factors (e.g., estimated cost, combined value of construction performance evaluation) on a tender ratio. The results statistically show that such factors affect the tender ratio an individual bidder determines and have the varying effect on the tender ratio by contractors' firm size.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.328-333
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• 2003

NGE (Nested Generalized Exemplars) proposed by Salzberg improved the storage requirement and classification rate of the Memory Based Reasoning. It constructs hyperrectangles during training and performs classification tasks. It worked not bad in many area, however, the major drawback of NGE is constructing hyperrectangles because its hyperrectangle is extended so as to cover the error data and the way of maintaining the feature weight vector. We proposed the OH (Optimizing Hyperrectangle) algorithm which use the feature weight vectors and the ED(Exemplar Densimeter) to optimize resulting Hyperrectangles. The proposed algorithm, as well as the EACH, required only approximately 40% of memory space that is needed in k-NN classifier, and showed a superior classification performance to the EACH. Also, by reducing the number of stored patterns, it showed excellent results in terms of classification when we compare it to the k-NN and the EACH.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.1
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• pp.162-168
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• 2015

The purposes of this study are estimating willingness to pay (WTP) of forest owners for the disaster insurance premium for forest products in Korea and investigating factors affecting their WTP. The result with contingent valuation method shows that forest owners' median WTP is $9,440\;KRW/ha{\cdot}yr$. Advanced forest managers including devoted forest managers and forestry successors are willing to pay more for insurance premium compared to non-advanced ones, and those who have experienced disaster in their own forest land have higher WTP than others. WTP of advanced forest managers appears to be 50% higher than that of non-advanced. These results imply that policy makers should consider advanced forest managers as a priority to introduce the insurance system.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.280-287
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• 1999

The aims of this research were to study on the relationship between the mechanical properties and the deformation behavior of weft-knitted fabrics as a function of knit structure and knit density. Eighteen weft-knitted fabrics were produced with six different knit structures ($1{\times}1$ rib, half-cardigan rib, half-milano rib, interlock, single-pique, and crossmiss interlock) and three different knit densities (loose, medium, tight). The mechanical properties of these samples were measured using the KES-F system. The 2HBIW increased as knit density was raised. The increase was greater for the double knit fabrics in all samples. Half-milano rib and crossmiss interlock samples showed the lowest 2HG/G values. The double knits were smaller than those of single knits indicate a higher degree of surface smoothness. The ratio of compression energy to weight per unit area of the double knits had lower values than the single knits.