• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.277-304
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• 2005

The review of the literature shows that analysts tend to follow two approaches in their investigation of the differences in terms of the development of welfare state. The first approach focused on the logic of industrialization. In this account, technological and structural changes rather than political choices of ideological preferences and culture create the conditions for the emergence of welfare state. The second approach emphasizes the importance of the growth of unionization for the development of welfare state. However, this study analyses the development of welfare state by using cultural theory developed by Mary Douglas. Culture theory has a specific point of departure : the grid-group typology proposed by Mary Douglas. Group refers to the extent to which an individual is incorporated into bounded units. Grid denotes the degree to which an individual's life is circumscribed by externally imposed prescriptions. Hierarchical culture (high grid-high group) favors social conservatism, giving government the right to intervene in matters of social institutions. Germany and Japan belong to this culture. Individualistic culture (low grid-low group) reluctant to develop social insurance programs. Individuals who are bound by neither group incorporation nor prescribed roles inhabit an individualistic social context. Great Britain and the United Sates of America belong to this culture. Egalitarian culture (low grid-high group) prefer to develop social insurance program. Strong group boundaries couples with minimal prescriptions produce social relations that are egalitarian. Sweden belong to this culture.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.68-79
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• 2010

This study utilized the What Is Happening In this Class (WIHIC) questionnaire to examine students' perceptions of their science learning environment. Data was collected from 587 middle school students in seven coeducation schools in Seoul. Higher mean scores occurred on the scales of Student cohesiveness, Task orientation, Cooperation and Equity in the WIHIC, whereas lower mean scores occurred on Teacher support, Involvement and Investigation. The effects of gender on students' perceptions of their science learning environment were not statistically significant overall, but girls perceived Student cohesiveness and Cooperation more positively than boys. Correlations between the WIHIC scales of the low-level group that perceived their learning environments negatively (10 percentiles) and the high-level group that perceived their learning environments positively (90 percentiles) were computed. Teacher support, Involvement, Task Orientation and Investigation were highly correlated with each other in the low-level group, whereas only Teacher support and Equity were correlated in the high group. Educational implications were discussed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.119-132
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• 2021

This study focused on examining the impact of the social context that causes gender differences in entrepreneurship, not the phenomenon itself. Specifically, this study verified the moderating effect of the social context on the relationship between gender and entrepreneurship using data from 20 countries in the Global Entrepreneurship Trend Report (GETR). In order to test hypotheses involving social context implications, Hofstede's cultural dimension factors such as power distance, individualism, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance variables, and institutional factors such as gender equality and social security are used as specific variables reflecting the social context. Empirical analysis through GLM found that gender did not independently influence entrepreneurship, and gender had a significant effect by interacting with power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, gender equality, and social security variables, respectively. Such empirical results show that the gender difference in entrepreneurship is not due to the unique characteristics inherent in each gender but on the level of the country's social context to which the individual belongs.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• 제52권
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• pp.31-52
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• 2018

The purpose of this thesis was to re-examine the utopian socialism of George Sand. In brief, her socialism is Christian socialism. She was heavily influenced by Leroux and Ramennais who insisted on Christian socialism at the time. This was socialism that differed from other utopian socialists of the time such as Saint Simon and Fourier. In addition, the socialism of Sand was similar to communism that was popular at the time. We can see in many writings portraying Sand as a Communist. Her novels were also written to spread her communicative ideas. However, the Communism of Sand is different from that of Marx. In this thesis, her novels, her letters, and her political pamphlets will be analyzed in comparison with Marxism in three ways. 1. If Marx's communism justified violence, her ideology is based on nonviolence. 2. Sand's Communism asserts equality for workers and capitalists. She says that if it is not the equality for all, we are not qualified to argue. 3. Finally, her Communism is based entirely on Christian values, love and solidarity.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• 제57호
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• pp.183-215
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• 2017

This study analyzes Korean childcare policy from a caring democracy perspective by using the normative policy analysis method. In the midst of emergent new social risks engendered by low fertility and aging population, feminist scholars proposed a transformative paradigm shift from economic growth to caring oriented development on a macro scale but researches on how this grand principle can be reflected into each policy have hardly been discussed. Thus, this study intends to contribute to such policy-driven discussion by analysing childcare policy on the basis of three normative values of freedom, equality and justice re-interpreted by caring democracy theory. Following are key findings. First, childcare policy does not guarantee public value and social solidarity due to the limitations of free choice from the perspective of freedom. Secondly, gender and class stratification has been worsened in a multiple and more complicated way by adding generational and racial dimensions to the existing gender inequality and vicious circulation of private care is observed from equality perspective. Thirdly, structural inequality aggravated injustice previously accumulated in the past rather than providing flat ground by adjustment.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2019

Traditionally, the definition of a republic in the constitutional sciences has remained passive, identifying whether or not a king exists. However, this is not an accurate understanding. Reinterpreting the meaning of the Republic at this point is expected to play a role in easing the side effects of neo-liberalism. It is more important than anything to establish a concrete picture of what a republic is in reinterpretating its meaning. Therefore, the main content of this paper is to clarify it by presenting requirements for the Republic.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2021

Disney animation can be said to be part of American culture and art. With the changes in American society and culture, we can see the changes in the personality and social status of female characters in Disney animation. Especially in the Disney animation works published after 2000, many works showing equality in the social abilities and status of women and men have been published. In this study, the characteristics of female characters of the 20th century and the 21st century is compared and analyzed the characters of Elsa and Anna, who expressed the female image in a metaphorical way of 'Frozen 2'. And studied the characteristics and meanings of clothing and colorful shapes. This paper reveals the design elements needed to construct a gender-equality image of female characters, and hopes that it will become a useful research material for the animation industry and academia in the future.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2022

This study aims to examine the effects of teachers' critical consciousness on their attribution of cause and responsibility about multicultural students' school violence victimization and their prediction on students' school adjustment. To this end, we presented four scenarios depicting multicultural students' school violence victimization and measured teachers' critical consciousness, cause and responsibility attribution, and school adjustment prediction. Results showed that teachers endorsing higher levels of Egalitarianism tended to attribute causes and responsibility to situational factors, rather than to a multicultural adolescent being victimized by school violence. The levels of Perceived Inequality of critical consciousness did not have significant effects on these variables. Also, teachers with a higher level of Egalitarianism tended to predict multicultural adolescents' school adjustment more negatively. Based on the current findings, we discussed implications on teacher education for promoting teachers' multicultural competence, along with limitations and directions for future research.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 한국수자원학회 2020년도 학술발표회
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• pp.238-238
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• 2020

물복지라고 하는 것은 국민들이 사회적 지위, 경제적 능력, 주거위치 등등에 상관없이 평등하게 물 서비스를 받는 것이다. 그러나 사회가 변화하고 고도화됨에 따라 단지 물공급만의 문제가 아니라 수환경, 물의 사용에 따른 비용지불 등 여러 가지 요소들이 물을 사용하고 물환경을 이용하는 측면에 있어 평등하게 제공되고 있는지 검토하여야 한다. 대도시와 소도시 그리고 시군구 지역들이 대도시와 공평한 물공급과 물환경을 제공받고 있지는 않은 것이 사실이다. 또한 경제적 수준에 따라서 물공급에 대한 부담감을 느끼는 것도 당연한 사실이다. 이러한 물복지는 최근에 들어서 과거 물스트레스, 물빈곤과 같이 물을 사용하는 데 있어 부족한 측면에 대한 연구에 비해 부족한 현실이다. 우리나라는 빠른 속도로 인구가 변화하고 있다. 이러한 인구변화 속도는 과거 용수공급계획을 수립함에 있어 지속적으로 인구가 증가함에 따라 물 수요도 증가하여 물부족이 될 것으로 예상했지만 수자원기술과 물처리능력 등의 발달로 인해 우리나라는 걱정한 만큼의 물부족은 발생하지 않고 있다. 그러나 앞으로 빠르게 변화하는 인구감소에 따른 물 복지수준에 따른 평가가 필요한 시점이다. 단지 물을 사용하는 것뿐만 아니라 물을 사용함에 있어 느끼는 부담감, 만족감 등에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 물복지를 평가하기 위해 여러 통계자료를 이용하여 인구수의 변화와 상수도 요금, 하수도 요금등의 변화와 물공급 기반시설, 그리고 물환경의 변화등을 검토하여 물복지를 평가할 수 있는 인자를 검토하였다. 그리고 향후 인구변화에 따른 물이용에 따른 변화를 살펴보고자 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.759-777
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• 2010

This study aims to investigate the mediating role of patriarchal attitudes on the relationship between family violence witness and dating sexual violence among Korean college students. The participants were 383 college student (193 males and 190 females) who had the experience of dating relationship. The psychological tests used in this research included the following: Witness of Family Violence, Patriarchal Attitudes, Dating Sexual Violence Experiences. In order to verify the models, goodness of fit and significant paths were verified through structural equation model(SEM). According to the results, family violence witness, itself, had influence on male students' dating sexual assault, and patriarchal attitudes caused by family violence witness had influence on dating sexual assault. Also, family violence witness had influence on female students' dating sexual violence, and patriarchal attitudes caused by family violence witness had influence on dating sexual violence.