• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.842-851
• /
• 1998

Development and growth of Acartia steueri from Ilkwang Bay, southeastern coast of Korea, were determined under various temperatures and food condition (Isochrysis galbana and Dunaliella salina) in the laboratory. Relationship between egg hatching time ($D_E$, day) and temperature (T, $^{\circ}C$) was $D_E=744(T+3.5)^{-1.97}$. Mean hatching success was $88.4\%$ in temperature range of $8.4\~26.2^{\circ}C$. This suggests that A. steueri may be adapted to the temperature ranges in temperate regions. Post-embryonic development pattern was equiproportional rather than isochronal, with longer stage duration of copepodites than that of the nauplii. Stage duration of NI was the shortest of all developmental stages, while the duration of NII was the longest in duration of the other nauplii. Male was morphologically distinguished from female in CIV stage, and male was developed faster than female. Median development time at a given temperature was calculated from the Belehradek equation by proper multiplication of proportional constant for embryonic development. Body carbon weight at $19.1^{\circ}C$ was increased exponentially with time. Mean specific growth rate of nauplii (0.200 $d^{-1}$), except for NI stage, was not significantly different from that of copepodites (0.190 $d^{-1}$), with the lowest rate in NVI stage (0.107 $d^{-1}$), probably due to energy consumption for metamorphosis rather than somatic growth. The results suggest that although the development pattern determined in this study was not identical with Uye's result for A. steueri (e.g. Uye, 1980b), median development time may be applicable to calculate the stage duration of A. steueri in this study area.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2021.06a
• /
• pp.200-200
• /
• 2021

하천은 용수공급, 관개, 친수활동, 산업활동 등 인간의 활동에 중요한 역할을 한다. 이에 따라 수질관리는 필수적이며 유기물, 중금속, 화학물질 등의 용존물질들은 수질문제에 직접적으로 영향을 미친다. 따라서 하천에서의 용존물질의 혼합 거동을 파악하기 위한 연구가 지난 수십년간 이루어지고 있다. 하천 흐름에 따른 오염물질의 이동 및 확산 거동을 예측하기 위하여 1차원 추적모형이 활용되는데, 그 중 하천저장대 모형(Transient Storage Model, TSM)은 자연하천의 복잡하고 불규칙한 수리·지형적인 특성을 단순하게 반영할 수 있다는 장점때문에 가장 많이 사용된다. 하지만 TSM은 매개변수에 대한 의존성과 불확도가 크며, TSM의 저장대에서의 농도분포에 대한 지수함수형태의 모델링이 하상간극수역(Hyporheic zone)에서의 저장대 특성을 반영하기에 구조적으로 부정확하다는 단점이 제기되고 있다. 최근 이러한 TSM의 단점을 보완하고 하천에서의 저장대 메커니즘을 보다 정확하게 구현하고자 체류시간분포(residence time distribution)를 이용한 확률론적 저장대 모델링 프레임워크가 등장하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 본류대와 저장대에서의 오염물질의 체류시간분포를 분리하여 해석하고 이를 전달함수(transfer function)를 이용한 합성곱으로 결합한 형태의 프레임워크를 적용하여 모델링하였다. 상기의 모형을 검증하기 위하여 2019년 감천의 4.85km 구간에서 추적자 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 당시 유량은 12.9 m³/s로 풍수기에 해당되며 평균 유속은 약 0.6 m/s로 측정되었다. 모형의 매개변수는 추적자 실험으로부터 최적화 기법을 통해 역모델링기법으로 결정하였다. 제안된 모형에 의한 모의 결과를 추적자 실험에서의 농도측정자료와 비교한 결과, 평균 0.988의 결정계수를 보여 매우 높은 정확도를 보이고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 저장대특성을 나타내는 농도곡선의 꼬리부에 대하여 같은 조건에서 1차원 이송-분산(ADE) 모형, TSM의 모의결과와도 비교한 결과 본 모형은 추적자 실험 농도측정 결과와 평균 0.195의 오차율을 보이며, 이는 ADE 모형과 TSM의 오차율인 14.03과 1.866에 비해 매우 정확한 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.180-185
• /
• 1999

Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) was tested for the treatment of artificial rearing water in n simulated aquaculture system. Performance of RBC on the removal of TAN and COD was evaluated by controlling hydraulic residence time (HRT). As HRT of RBC was increased, TAN removal rate ana removal efficiency of RBC and TAN concentration of rearing water were increased, but COD removal rate was decreased. Total alkalinity consumption rate was increased by increasing HRT of RBC. Ratio between total alkalinity consumption rate and TAN removal rate was 7.73. HRT for maintaining lowest TAN and COD concentration of artificial rearing water was 14,6 minutes and at that condition TAN and COD concentration of the water was 1.28 and $5.59 g/m^3$, respectively.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.60-65
• /
• 2000

In order to predict the chromatogram for organic acid in ion chromatography, Langmuir isotherm parameters were obtained by Retention Time Method (RTM) and moment method. Ion chromatography analysis for formic acid was performed and compared with theoretically predicted profiles under isocratic condition. Band profiles were estimated with the equilibrium-dispersive model of chromatography using a PDEsolver Macsyma . The relationship between the characteristics of chromatogram and the variable operating condition in chromatography such as the flow rate, ionic strength and injection volume was studied. Satisfactory agreement was observed between the experimental and the estimated chromatograms with parameters obtained form the moment method.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.35 no.2 s.98
• /
• pp.133-140
• /
• 2002

This study was performed in lab scaled oxidation pond. The removal efficiency of pollutant on the influence of changes of hydraulic retention time and pond style was investigated. The correlation between organic removal efficiency and dissolved oxygen concentration on algal photosynthesis showed the light time revealed a higher relationship more than the dark time, and the squares of the correlation coefficient of 15 days retention time were higher than that of 5 days in single pond. The variation of dissolved oxygen concentration of a series pond was from 4.2 to 19.8 mg/l under 5 days retention time, the concentration of dissolved oxygen increased with increasing step of series pond. Between the single pond and a series of pond system, a series of pond system showed better organic removal efficiency. Average removal efficiency range of $TBOD_5$ and $SBOD_5$ was $49{\sim}83%$ and $87{\sim}92%$, respectively. Algae should be removed appropriately to increase the removal efficiency of organic matter.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
• /
• 2002.05d
• /
• pp.685-689
• /
• 2002

Ad hoc 네트워크에서 클러스터 구성은 채널의 효율적 사용, 제어메시지의 교환부하 감소, 이동성 관리 용이, 그리고 QoS라우팅 지원등의 이점을 지닌다. 이런 이유로 인해 클러스터 구조는 자주 변경되지 않아야 하고, 노드의 이동성을 반영하여 클러스터를 구성하여야 한다. 그러나 기존의 클러스터 구성에 관한 연구에서는 노드의 이동성을 고려하지 않고 있으며, 이동성을 고려하는 경우에는 이동속도만을 고려하여 클러스터를 구성함으로써 클러스터의 잦은 변경을 유발한다. 이에 본 논문은 단위 시간당 클러스터 변경 횟수, 현재 클러스터에 체류한시간, 그리고 평균적으로 클러스터에 체류한 시간을 이용하여 이동성을 고려한다. 또한 라우팅 효율성을 위해, 차수도 고려하여 클러스터를 구성한다. 그리고 클러스터 구성절차의 적절한 수행횟수를 보장하기 위하여 LCC[4]의 수정된 클러스터 구조 유지전략을 제공한다.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.11-24
• /
• 2012

We compared a DBR(drum-buffer-rope) system with a CONWIP(constant work-in-process) system in a production line with constant processing times. Based on the observation that a WIP-controlled line production system such as DBR and CONWIP is equivalent to a m-node tandem queue with finite buffer, we applied a max-plus algebra based solution method for the tandem queue to evaluate the performance of two systems. Numerical examples with 6 workstations were also used to demonstrate the proposed analysis. The mathematical analyses support that CONWIP outperforms DBR in terms of expected waiting time and WIP. Unlike the CONWIP case, sequencing workstations in a DBR affects the performance of the system. Delaying a bottleneck station in a DBR reduces expected waiting time.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 1991

To examine the effect of the individual operational variables on extrusion process, test trials of the fractional factorial design of the three process variables at three levels, including feed rate, screw speed and die openings, were carried out by using a laboratory scale twin-screw extruder with three different screw configuration for corn grit with the water addition fixed at 15% of the powder feed rate. As the increase of feed rate, while extrusion temperature(ET), specific mechanical energy input (SME), and residence time(RT) were showed the tendency to decrease, extrusion pressure(EP) was increased and as the increase of screw speed, ET, SME and EP were showed the tendency to increase, but RT was decreased. However, as increase the number of die hole, all system parameters were showed the tendency to decrease. The influence of the change in each process parameters was increased as the increase of the number of reverse element in screw configuration. In case of using the screw configuration with increasing number of reverse element at the condition of same process parameters, ET, SME and RT was increased, but EP was decreased. The functional relationships of the system parameters to the process parameters can be quantified by using multiple regression equations(mostly R-sq>0.90) and maped on suface response diagrams to expedite evaluation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2013.02a
• /
• pp.624-624
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 전자빔 조사를 이용하여 대기 조건에서 실리카 나노입자를 제조하였다. 제조된 실리카 나노입자는 FT-IR을 통해 전구체가 전자빔에 의하여 분해되었음을 확인하였고 또한 XPS를 통해 Si 2P binding energy가 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 제조된 나노입자의 평균 지름은 각각 210 nm와 73 nm로 나타났고, 입자의 평균지름은 전구체 증기의 전자빔 반응기내 체류시간 조절에 따라 제어된다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the biodegradation of gaseous trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in an activated carbon biofilter inoculated with phenol-oxidizing microorganisms and to study the effect of surfactant concentration below its critical micelle concentration (CMC) on the re-moval efficiency of TCE or PCE. The investigation was conducted using two specially built stainless steel biofilters, one for TCE and the other for PCE, at residence times of 1.5~7 min. The removal efficiency of gaseous TCE was 100％ at a residence time of 7 min and its average inlet concentration of 85 ppm. For gaseous PCE, 100％ removal efficiency was obtained at residence times of 4~7 min and its average concentrations of 47~84 ppm. It was found that adsorption by GAC was a minor mechanism for TCE and PCE removal in the activated carbon biofilters. Transformation yields of gaseous TCE and PCE were about 8~48 g of TCE/g of phenol and 6~25g of PCE/g of phenol, according to residence times. This values showed one or two orders of magnitude less than aqueous TCE degradation. The TCE and PCE activated carbon biofilter performances were observed to be a little enhanced but not significantly, when the surfactant was introduced at concentrations of 5~50 mg/L.