• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2008

The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) analysis of the 3-D steady flow around the NREL Phase VI horizontal axis wind turbine(HAWT) rotor was performed. The CFD analysis results were compared with experimental data at several different wind speeds. The present CFD model shows good agreements with the experiments both at low wind speed which formed well-attache flow mostly on the upper surface of the blade, and at high wind speed which blade surface flow completely separated. However, some discrepancy occurs at the relatively high wind speeds where mixed attached and separated flow formed on the suction surface of the blade. It seems that the discrepancy is related to the onset of stall phenomena and consequently separation prediction capability of the current turbulence model. It is also found that strong span-wise flow occurs in stalled area due to the centrifugal force generated by rotation of the turbine rotor and it prevents abrupt reduction of normal force for higher wind speed than the designed value.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1191-1200
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• 2002

The measurements of velocity vectors are made in the near wake(X/d=5.0) of a circular cylinder with serrated fins. Velocity of fluid which flow through fins decreases as increasing fin height and freestream velocity and decreasing fin pitch. Therefore the velocity distribution at X/d=0.0 has lower gradient with increasing freestream velocity and fin height and decreasing fin pitch. The discontinuity of the streamwise velocity gradient is observed near the fin edge and causes significant changes in V-component velocity distribution in the near wake. This change attributes to the differences in Strouhal number and entraintment flow behavior. Increased turbulent intensity around a circular cylinder due to the serrated fins and entrainment flow are important factors for the recovery of velocity defect. The widths of velocity and turbulent intensity distribution of fin tubes are wider than those of a circular cylinder. The normalized velocity and turbulent intensity distributions with a hydraulic diameter which is proposed in this paper are in closer agreement with those of a circular cylinder.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.467-473
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• 2007

Flow visualization study to qualitatively define the flow field over a stealth UCAV(Uninhabited Combat Air Vehicle) configuration in a water tunnel has been conducted to clarify the basic aerodynamic performance. The test was performed at freestream velocity of 12.7 cm/sec which was corresponding to a Reynolds number of $1.4{\times}10^4$ based on mean aerodynamic chord. The development and breakdown of vortices illuminated by using dye were compared to the previous force and moment data. It was shown that the effect of the vortices generated by the main-body and junction are dominant in the low angle-of-attack region. However, in the high angle-of-attack region, the vortex generated by the fore-body mainly influenced the aerodynamic performance of the model.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 1997

Drag reduction in polymer solutions is the phenomenon where by extremely dilute solutions of high molecular weight polymers exhibit frictional resistance to flow much lower than the pure solvent. This effect, largely unexplained as yet, has attracted the attention of polymer scientists and fluid flow specialists. Although applications are beginning to appear, the principle interest to data has been in attempting to relate the effect to the fluid mechanics of turbulent flow. Drag reduction in two phase flow can be applied to the transport of crude oil, phase change system such as chemical reactor, and pool and boiling flow. But the research on drag reduction in two phase flow is not intensively investigated. Therefore, experimental investigations have been carried out to analyze the drag reduction produced by polymer addition in the single phase and two phase flow system. The objectives of the proposed investigation are primarily in identifying and developing high performance polymer additives for fluid transportations with the benefits of turbulent drag. Also we want to is to evaluate the drag reduction in horizontal flow by measuring pressure drop and mean velocity. Experimental results show higher drag reduction using co - polymer(A611P) then using polyacrylamide (PAAM) and faster degradation using PAAM than using A611P under the same superficial velocity.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2003

This paper considered the structural mechanism of transitional boundary layer by the experimental approach. In order to measure the turbulence quantity in the boundary layer, we made a wind tunnel with 400${\times}$190${\times}$2500 mm test section and a flat plate with well fabricated leading edge. Hot wire anemometer was used for acquiring the continuous turbulence signal which is processed by special software. The results of experiment show that the region where turbulence spot is dominant moves from near wall to overall layer and thus the anisotropy of velocity fluctuation shows so large value. Also the turbulence energy originally contained in low frequency band comes up to the high frequency band. Finally the turbulence model needs minimum two length scales to consider the pre-transition region.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.333-338
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• 2008

The coastal zone is a delicate and dynamic area in which the majority of a water kinetic energy is dissipated. These processes are subsequent to the transport of the beach materials. In comparison to emerged breakwaters, submerged structures permit the passage of some wave energy and in turn allow for circulation along the shoreline zone. This research aims to examine the beach erosion prevention capability of submerged structure by laboratory model. The flow characteristics behind a submerged obstacle with bottom gap were experimentally investigated at Re = $1.2{\times}10^4$ using the two-frame PIV(CACTUS 2000) system. Streamline curvature field behind the obstacle has been obtained by using the data of time-averaged mean velocity information. And the large eddy structure in the separated shear layer seems to have signification influence on the development of the separated shear layer. As bottom gap size increases, the recirculation occurring behind the obstacle moves toward downstream and its strength is weakened.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.831-838
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• 2016

The disaster preventing system using vegetation has been growing in the field of coastal engineering in recent years. To analyze wave and flow fields under nonlinear interactions between tsunami and vegetation, the purpose of this study is to evaluate newly-developed 3-D numerical wave tank including energy dissipation by tsunami-vegetation interaction based on existing N-S solver with porous body model. Comparing numerical results using mean drag coefficient and dynamic drag coefficient due to Reynolds number to existing experimental results it is revealed that computed results considering the dynamic drag coefficient are in good agreement with the laboratory test results for time-domain waveform. In addition, the calculated transmission coefficients of solitary waves in various vegetation densities and incident wave heights are also in good agreement with the experimental values. This confirms the validity and effectiveness of the developed 3-D numerical wave tank with the fluid resistance by vegetation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.85-91
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• 2005

Radiative heating of a liquid rocket base plane due to plume emission is numerically investigated. Calculation of flow and temperature fields around rocket nozzle precedes and thereby realistic plume shape and temperature distribution inside the plume are obtained. Based on the calculated temperature field, radiative transfer equation is solved by discrete ordinate method. With the sample rocket plume, the averaged radiative heat flux reaching the base plane is calculated about 5 kw/m$^{2}$ at the flight altitude of 10.9 km. This value is small compared with radiative heat flux caused by constant-temperature (1500 K) plume emission, but it is not negligibly small. At higher. altitude (29.8km), view factor between the base plane and the exhaust plume is increased due to the increased expansion angle of the plume. Nevertheless, the radiative heating disappears since the base plane is heated to high temperature (above 1000 K due to convective heat transfer.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.381-381
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• 2015

표면영상유속계측법(Surface Image Velocimeter; SIV)은 영상분석기법의 일종으로 하천 표면의 유동을 영상저장장치로 기록하고 연속되는 이미지상의 입자이동을 계산하여 유속을 산정하는 방법이다. 그러나 표면영상유속계를 활용한 유속분석과정에서 현장 상황에 따라 많은 오차 요인들이 있을 수 있기 때문에 계산한 유속 산정 결과를 그대로 사용하면 정확도가 낮아질 수 있다. 특히 야간 영상과 같은 영상의 화질이 떨어지는 경우에는 유속 산정 결과를 필터링해서 사용해야 한다. 이는 순간 유속장을 분석하는 과정에서 획득된 이미지에 따라 분석된 유속벡터가 평균 유속보다 과다하게 크거나 상관계수 값이 너무 작은 경우가 포함되기 때문이다. 이 연구에서는 제주도 외도천 외도정수장에서 2013년 5월 27일 집중호우에 의한 유출 발생 주 야간 유출영상자료를 획득하여 표면영상유속계(SIV)와 ADCP를 활용하여 유량을 분석하고, 동시에 고정식 전자파 표면유속계인 Kalesto 관측 유량과 비교 분석하였다. 비교과정에서 제주도는 댐방류량과 같은 유량의 참값이 없으므로 각각 관측기기의 상대적인 비교를 하여 경향성을 분석하였다. 분석결과 주간유출영상은 상관계수가 0.6~0.7범위에 해당하는 유속이 전체 59개의 유속벡터 중 6.8%로 나타났으며, 0.7~0.8범위가 13.6%, 0.8~0.9범위가 18.6%, 0.9~1.0범위가 61.0%의 퍼센트를 나타났다. 야간유출영상을 주간유출영상과 비교해보면 0.6~0.7범위에 해당하는 상관계수가 6.8% 높게 분석되었으며, 반대로 0.9~1.0범위에 해당하는 상관계수는 17% 낮게 분석되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 야간유출영상이 주간유출영상에 비해 영상의 질이 떨어짐을 나타내며 표면영상유속계를 적용하여 유량을 산정하는 과정에서 획득되는 영상에 따라 상관계수에 대한 합리적인 필터링 과정이 필요하다.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.275-286
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• 1998

The effective permeability and the representative element volume(REV) of fracture network model were evaluated based on the parameters such as permeability tensor, principal permeability and the direction of principal permeability. The effective permeability ranges between the harmonic mean and the arithmetic mean of the local permeabilities of subdivided blocks. From the numerical experiments, which were for investigating the influence of model volume on the variation of flux for the cubic models, it was found that the variation of flux became reduced as the model volume approached REV. The variation of groundwater flux into the tunnel in the fracture network model was mainly dependent on the ratio of the tunnel length to model size rather than REV. And it was found that groundwater flux into the tunnel was not completely consistent between the fracture network model and the equivalent porous media model, especially when the ratio of the tunnel length to model size is small.