• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.39
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• pp.5-28
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is two-fold: 1) to identify different adolescent smoking trajectories in Korea; and 2) to examine predictors of those smoking trajectories within a social developmental frame. Data were from the Korea Youth Panel Survey(KYPS), a longitudinal study of 3,449 youths followed since 2003. Using semi-parametric group-based modeling, four smoking trajectories were identified: non initiators, late onsetters, experimenters, and escalators. Multinomial logistic regressions were then used to identify risk and protective factors that distinguish the trajectory groups from one another. Among non smokers at age 13, late onsetters were distinguished from non initiators by a variety of factors in every ecological domain. Among youths who already smoked at age 13, escalators who increased their smoking were distinguished from experimenters who almost desisted from smoking by age 17 by self-esteem and academic achievement. Finally, implications for youth welfare practice from this study were discussed.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.452-458
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• 2010

In case of an embedded system with computing resource restrictions such as system power and cpu, the overhead due to displaying data on the computer screen may have a significant influence on the system performance. This paper describes an initialization method for LCD-driving components such as an ARM Core, an LCD controller, and an SPI(serial peripheral interface). It also introduces a pixel display function and a panel display method using virtual screen for reducing the display overhead for an LN2440SBC system with an ARM9-based S3C2440A microprocessor. A virtual screen is a large space of computer memories allocated much larger than those needed for one-time display of an image. Displaying a specific region of a virtual screen is done by assigning it as a view-port region. Such a display is useful in an embedded system when concurrently running tasks produce and display their respective results on the screen; it is especially so when the execution result of each task is partially modified, instead of being totally modified, on its turn and displayed. If the tasks running on such a system divide and make efficient use of the region of the virtual screen, the display overhead can be minimized. For the performance comparison with and without using the virtual screen, two different images are displayed in turn and the amount of time consumed for their display is measured. The result shows that the display time of the former is about 5 times faster than that of the latter.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.159-182
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the expertise about the field-university-government cooperation oriented supervision program for child-care center. The research contents for the purpose of this study were to investigate a distributions of the panel's responses on a draft and the adequacy of the items and the convergence of the panel members' responses. This study was conducted in three steps of the Delpi method with a panel consisting of 20 experts. On the first step, we collected opinion of the panel through open-ended questions on a field-university-government cooperation oriented supervision program for child-care center. On the second and third steps, we analyzed the distributions of the panel's responses to the questionnaire with a 4-point rating scales. Finally, we developed 77 items for 2 categories for the field-university-government cooperation oriented supervision program. The results of the analysis for the adequacy showed that most of the items were valid and reliable, and the responses of the panel groups are a high convergence level, except some items.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.11 no.3 s.32
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• pp.336-348
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• 2006

The recent advances in multimedia signal coding and transmission technologies allow lots of users to watch videos on small LCD displays. In this paper, we briefly describe an intelligent display technique to provide small-display-viewers with comfortable experiences, and study the minimum image size tolerated and utility of displaying region of interest (ROI) only when needed. The study, with 111 participants, examines minimum image size to ensure viewers pleasant viewing experiences, and evaluates the degree of satisfaction when they are viewed with region of interest (ROI) only. The experimental results show that the ROI display enhances the viewers' satisfaction when the image size becomes less than $320{\times}240$, and thus it is useful to provide the intelligent display, if necessary, which can extract and display ROI only.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.11 no.2 s.31
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• pp.207-221
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• 2006

A fully automatic and computationally efficient method is proposed for intelligent display of soccer video on small multimedia mobile devices. The rapid progress of the multimedia signal processing has contributed to the extensive use of multimedia devices with a small LCD panel. With these emerging small mobile devices, the video sequences captured for standard- or HDTV broadcasting may give the small-display-viewers uncomfortable experiences in understanding what is happening in a scene. For instance, in a soccer video sequence taken by a long-shot camera technique, the tiny objects (e.g., soccer ball and players) may not be clearly viewed on the small LCD panel. Thus, an intelligent display technique is needed for small-display-viewers. To this end, one of the key technologies is to determine region of interest (ROI), which is a part of the scene that viewers pay more attention to than other regions. In this paper, the focus is on soccer video display for mobile devices. Instead of taking visual saliency into account, we take domain-specific approach to exploit the characteristics of the soccer video. The proposed scheme includes three modules; ground color learning, shot classification, and ROI determination. The experimental results show the propose scheme is capable of intelligent video display on mobile devices.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.377-382
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 출입국자 관리의 효율성과 체계적인 출입국 관리를 위하여 여권 코드를 자동으로 인식하는 방법을 제안한다. 여권 이미지는 기울어진 상태로 스캔 되어 획득되어질 수도 있으므로 기울기 보정은 문자 분할 및 인식에 있어 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 여권 영상을 스미어링한 후, 추출된 문자열 중에서 가장 긴 문자열을 선택하고 이 문자열의 좌측과 우측 부분의 두께 중심을 연결하는 직선과 수평선과의 기울기를 이용하여 여권 영상에 대한 각도 보정을 수행한다. 여권 코드 추출은 소벨 연산자와 수평 스미어링, 8방향 윤관선 추적 알고리즘을 적용하여 여권 코드의 문자열 영역을 추출하고, 추출된 여권 코드 문자열 영역에 대해 반복 이진화 방법을 적용하여 코드의 문자열 영역을 이진화 한다, 이진화된 문자열 영역에 대해 여권 코드의 인식율을 높이기 위하여 잡영 가지 제거 알고리즘을 적용하여 개별 문자의 잡영을 제거한 후에 개별 코드를 추출하며, CDM 마스크를 적용하여 추출된 개별코드를 복원한다. 추출된 개별코드는 개선된 퍼지 ART 알고리즘을 제안하여 인식에 적용한다. 실제 여권 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과, CDM 마스크를 이용하여 추출된 개별 코드를 개선된 퍼지 ART 알고리즘을 적용하여 인식한 방법보다 잡영 제거 알고리즘과 CDM 마스크를 적용하여 개선된 퍼지 ART 알고리즘으로 개별 코드를 인식하는 것이 효율적인 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 기존의 퍼지 ART 알고리즘을 이용하여 개별 코드를 인식하는 경우보다 본 논문에서 제안한 개선된 퍼지 ART 알고리즘을 이용하여 개별 코드를 인식하는 경우가 서로 다른 패턴들이 같은 클러스터로 분류되지 않아 인식 성능이 개선되었다.생산하고 있다. 또한 이러한 자료를 바탕으로 지역통계 수요에 즉각 대처할 수 있다. 더 나아가 이와 같은 통계는 전 국민에 대한 패널자료이기 때문에 통계적 활용의 범위가 방대하다. 특히 개인, 가구, 사업체 등 사회 활동의 주체들이 어떻게 변화하는지를 추적할 수 있는 자료를 생산함으로써 다양한 인과적 통계분석을 할 수 있다. 행정자료를 활용한 인구센서스의 이러한 특징은 국가의 교육정책, 노동정책, 복지정책 등 다양한 정책을 정확한 자료를 근거로 수립할 수 있는 기반을 제공한다(Gaasemyr, 1999). 이와 더불어 행정자료 기반의 인구센서스는 비용이 적게 드는 장점이 있다. 예를 들어 덴마크나 핀란드에서는 조사로 자료를 생산하던 때의 1/20 정도 비용으로 행정자료로 인구센서스의 모든 자료를 생산하고 있다. 특히, 최근 모든 행정자료들이 정보통신기술에 의해 데이터베이스 형태로 바뀌고, 인터넷을 근간으로 한 컴퓨터네트워크가 발달함에 따라 각 부처별로 행정을 위해 축적한 자료를 정보통신기술로 연계${cdot}$통합하면 막대한 조사비용을 들이지 않더라도 인구센서스자료를 적은 비용으로 생산할 수 있는 근간이 마련되었다. 이렇듯 행정자료 기반의 인구센서스가 많은 장점을 가졌지만, 그렇다고 모든 국가가 당장 행정자료로 인구센서스를 대체할 수 있는 것은 아니다. 행정자료로 인구센서스통계를 생산하기 위해서는 각 행정부서별로 사용하는 행정자료들을 연계${cdot}$통합할 수 있도록 국가사회전반에 걸쳐 행정 체제가 갖추어져야 하기 때문이다. 특히 모든 국민 개개인에 관한 기본정보, 개인들이 거주하며 생활하는 단위인 개별 주거단위에 관한 정보가 행정부에 등록되어

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.56
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• pp.197-224
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine how various dimensions of social exclusion experienced by married immigrant women are affected longitudinally. Autoregressive cross-lagged analysis between sub-dimensions of social exclusion of married immigrant women was conducted to investigate the direction of interrelationships. The data were collected each year through a three-wave longitudinal survey from 2011 to 2013. The results showed that statically significant autoregressive effects appeared among economic exclusion, community exclusion, educational exclusion, and ethnic exclusion. The cross-lagged effects of the sub-dimensions of social exclusion showed that married immigrant women with higher levels of the economic exclusion tend to experience higher levels of the educational exclusion, and ethnic exclusion at the later measurement point, even when controlling for their previous level of social exclusion. It was found that economic exclusion as a more fundamental precedent factor positively predicted other dimensions of social exclusion. The results suggested that financial support and job-related services should be strengthened for active social inclusion of married immigrant women, and early intervention to prevent chronicization of social exclusion should be needed.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.77-87
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• 2018

The study was a mixed design study that analyzed the effects of developing and applying a program to improve pregnancy recognition for severe low fertility. The study period was from April 1, 2018, to October 26, 2018, and the participants included 16 women of 19~21 age who lived in M City and M Gun. The process of program development is based on Dorothy Johnson 's theory of behavior system to induce change of perception, and reference literature review and national policy report. The program developed through the literature was finally developed by examining the experts panel discussion after deriving causes and alternatives for low fertility from 25 fertility women. The contents of program consist of three areas. Quantitative research results were analyzed using Shapiro Wilk and Wilcoxon sign rank using SPSS 18.0, and qualitative research results were analyzed using focus group. As a result of study, the perception of pregnancy increased significantly (P<0.01) with statistical significance as pre-experimental (M=3.21, SD=.342), post-experimental (M=4.46, SD=.398) and the result of content analysis appeared three themes as , , . In conclusion, the program was effective in improving the recognition of pregnancy for young women.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.604-609
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• 2001

This numerical analysis uses the lifting surface method and frequency-domain panel method based on the linear compressible aerodynamic theory. Increased knowledge of flow conditions within mixed-flow fan should indicates means of improving performance of these turbomachines. Thus, only an approximate solution is obtained whose prime intent is to recognize the most significant characteristics of the "ideal" geometry. For a given set of operating condition, the flow conditions within mixed-flow fan depend on the geometry of the machine (three-dimensional flow effects) and on the properties of the fluid. But most treatments of the problem have been concerned with the two-dimensional flow effects for incompressible, non-viscous fluids. Interest in the field of mixed-flow fan resulted in the undertaking of a program to develop reliable design procedures that would avoid the need for lengthy development work.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.325-337
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• 2000

A study was done on the numerical and experimental analyses of the aerodynamic characteristics of a counter rotating axial fan. The numerical analysis uses the frequency domain panel method developed for the aerodynamic analysis of interacting rotating systems, which is based on the unsteady lifting surface panel method. Each stage of interaction involves the solution of an isolated rotor, the interaction being done through the Fourier transform of the induced velocity field. Numerical results showed good agreements with other experimental data for single and counter rotating propeller systems. And they were compared with the experimental results of the counter rotating axial fan studied in the present paper. The performance test was carried out based on the Korean Standard (KS B 6311). It was focused on the relative efficiency increase of a counter rotating system for a single rotating one, and effects of the axial distance between the front and rear rotors on overall fan performances were investigated. As a result, it was shown that the counter rotating axial fan has the efficiency 14% higher than the single rotating one at peak efficiency points.