• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.309-318
• /
• 2003

In this paper a 6 degree-of-freedom robot was studied for medical purpose. In the past the robot used for industry field was utilized for medical robot but in these days the robot used for rehabilitation. welfare, and service. This system was Proposed for a stroke patient or a patient who can not use one arm. A master-slave system was constructed to exercise either paralysis or abnormal arm using normal arms movement. Study on the human body motion result was applied to calculate a movement range of humans elbow and shoulder. In addition, a force-torque sensor is applied to estimate the rehabilitation extent of the patient in the slave robot. Therefore, the stability of the rehabilitation robot could be improved. By using the rehabilitation robot, the Patient could exercise by himself without any assistance In conclusion. the proposed system and control algorithm were verified by computer simulation and system experiment.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 2009

Distribution diagram of Pt(IV), Pd(II), and Rh(III) in HCl solution was obtained as a function of HCl concentration from 0.001 to 10 M by considering complex formation reaction together with mass balance. When HCl concentration was higher than 0.1 M, most of Pt and Pd in HCl solution exist as $PtCl_6^{2-}$ and $PtCl_4^{2-}$. The concentration of HCl had a feat effect on the speciation of Rh(III). As HCl concentration increases from 0.1 to 10 M, the pedominant species changes from $PhCl_5^{2-}$ to $PhCl_6^{3-}$. Interaction parameters of $PtCl_6^{2-}$ and $PdCl_4^{2-}$ with hydrogen ion were evaluated from the solvent extraction data of Pt and Pd reported in the literature.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.282-287
• /
• 2005

Palladium membranes, which are permselective to hydrogen separation, were used for the hydrogen purification and in membrane reactors for improving conversions by shifting the reaction equilibrium. Palladium/ceramic composite membranes were prepared by electroless plating technique and then etched in titanium chloride ($TiCl_4$) as a post treatment to enhance the membrane's durability. These membranes were used for membrane reactors in water gas shift (WGS) reaction. CO conversions for the membrane reactor were obtained according to experimental parameters and compared to the traditional reactor without a palladium/ceramic membrane. As a result, CO conversion using palladium membrane reactor at an appropriate condition was over 20~25% greater than that without the membrane reactor. The stability in the long-term test of up to 120 h for WGS reaction with the membrane reactor was good without the degredation of CO conversion.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.88-95
• /
• 2020

In this paper, we propose a new arm swing walking pattern-based walking safety system for safe walking of elderly pedestrians. The proposed system is a walking safety system for elderly pedestrians using haptic-based devices such as smart bands and smart watches, and arm swing-based walking patterns to solve the problem that it is difficult to recognize the fall situation of pedestrians with the existing walking patterns of lower limb movements. Use. The arm swing-based walking pattern recognizes the number of steps and the fall situation of pedestrians through the swing of the arm using the acceleration sensor of the device, and creates a database of the location of the fall situation to warn elderly pedestrians when walking near the expected fall location. It delivers a message to provide pedestrian safety to the elderly. This system is expected to improve the safe walking rights and environment of the elderly.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.44-49
• /
• 2012

Purpose: In the whole body PET/CT scan, it is natural to lift the patient's arm for its quality improvement. However, when the lesion is located in head and neck, the arms should be located lower. This study was designed to compare the CT effective dose for each arm position applying Automatic Exposure Control (AEC). Materials and Methods: 45 patients who had $^{18}F$-FDG whole body PET/CT scan were studied with Biograph Truepoint 40 (SIEMENS, GERMANY), Biograph Sensation 16 (SIEMENS, GERMANY), Discovery STe 8 (GE healthcare, USA). The CT effective dose of 15 patients for each equipment was measured and comparatively analyzed in both arm-lifted position and lower-arm position. ImPACT v1.0 program was used as the method of measurement for CT effective dose. For the statistics analysis, Paired t-test which paired with SPSS 18.0 statistic program was applied. Results: In the case of arm-lifted, it was measured as $6.33{\pm}0.93mSv$ for Biograph Sensation 16, $8.01{\pm}1.34mSv$ for Biograph Truepoint 40, and $9.69{\pm}2.32mSv$ for Discovery STe 8. When arms are located lower position, it was measure as $6.97{\pm}0.76mSv$, $8.95{\pm}1.85mSv$, $13.07{\pm}2.87mSv$ for each. CT effective dose according to the arm position was 9.2% for Biograph Truepoint 40, 10.5% for Biograph Sensation 16, and 25.9% for Discovery Ste 8. The statistics analysis showed the meaningful difference ($p$<0.05). Conclusion: For the whole body PET/CT case, CT effective dose applying AEC was decreased the radiation exposure of the patients when the arm was lifted for 15.2% of average value. The patient who has no lesion in head and neck would decrease the artifact occurrence in objective part and lower the CT effective dose. Also, for the patient who had lesion in head and neck, the artifact in objective part can be lower by putting the arms down, the fact that CT effective dose increases should be concerned in its whole body PET/CT scan.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.91-95
• /
• 2012

Purpose: In this study, we evaluated the ejection fraction (EF) according to the difference of patient position in Gated Blood Pool (GBP) scan. Material and Methods: The analysis was performed to 80 patients ($51.2{\pm}17.4$ years old) who examined GBP scan in Department of nuclear medicine, National Cancer Center from March 2011 to August 2011. We divided the patients into two groups; one group received conventional position (raise left arm up supine) and supine position (group 1) and the other group received conventional position and left arm back down supine position (group 2). To observe the change EF according to patient position difference, the image was reconstructed and analyzed by Xeleris (GE, USA). We measured body mass index (BMI) of patients. Result: In group 1, EF error less than 3% occurred at a rate of 72.5% (29 of the 40 patients). In group 2, EF error less than 3% occurred at a rate of 79% (32 of the 40 patients). The patient's BMI did not affect ejection fraction. Conclusion: The EF error of left arm back down supine position closer to conventional position than in supine position shows the results.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 1984

New type dioxygen bridged complexes of palladium were prepared by using $KO_2$ as a source of superoxide ion $(O_2^-)$. The method is completely different from the traditional one which has adopted the oxidative addition of molecular oxygen to transition metal complexes in low valency. It was suggested that the reaction to prepare the dioxygen complexes proceeded via nucleophilic displacement followed by electron transfer reaction. Five new type dioxygen complexes having ${\pi}$-allyl ligand were prepared and characterized by the application of the reaction of $O_2^-$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.367-370
• /
• 2009

증강현실에서 자연스럽고 인간 친화적인 인터페이스로는 비전 기반의 손동작을 이용한 인터페이스가 가장 각광받고 있다. 그러나 복잡한 배경에서 손을 찾고 손동작을 인식하는 것은 여전히 어려운 문제로 남아 있다. 특히, 배경에 살색을 가진 물체가 많이 있다면 이 문제는 더욱 해결하기 어려워진다. 이 논문은 손 영역을 정확하게 검출 하는 방법에 초점이 맞춰져 있으며, 효과적인 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 기본적으로 손과 팔을 포함하는 영역이 다른 피부색 영역과 다른 밝기를 가지고 있다고 가정한다. 구체적으로 제안하는 방법은 밝기 차이를 이용하여 피부색 영역으로부터 손과 팔을 포함하는 영역을 검출한다. 본 논문에서는 밝기 차이를 구분하는 방법으로 �o지(edge) 영상을 이용한다. 그 다음 손과 팔의 기하학적 특징을 이용하여 손목을 찾고 손을 포함하는 사각형 영역을 검출한다. 마지막으로 사각형 영역으로부터 손을 찾아낸다. 손을 찾는 방법 또한 약간 다르지만 비슷한 밝기 기반의 추출 방법을 사용한다. 우리는 간단한 손동작 기반의 증강현실 인터페이스를 구현함으로써 제안한 방법의 효용성을 검증한다.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.3-8
• /
• 1992

An attempt is made to diagnose cancer of eight persons' urine by measuring the areas of the characteristic proton NMR signals observed in most cancer urine other than by using the previously developed reagent. The results of the attempt show that the former and ther latter give respectively one false diagnosis and four false diagnoses out of the persons' urine tested.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.64-71
• /
• 1992

New type dioxygen bridged complexes of palladium were prepared by using $KO_2$ as a source of superoxide ion($O_2{^-}$). The method is completely different from the traditional one which has adopted the oxidative addition of molecular oxygen to prepare the dioxygen complexes. This reaction proceeds via nucleophilic displacement followed by electron transfer reaction. Three new type dioxygen complexes of palladium having amine ligands were prepared and characterized by the application of the reaction of $O_2{^-}$.