• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.15-15
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• 2002

사면은 인공적 또는 자연적인 현상에 의하여 발생된 경사진 지반을 말하며, 그 안정성은 작용외력과 지반상태 및 지하수 등에 의하여 영향을 받는다. 사면의 파괴는 여러 가지 형태로 일어날 수 있으나 대체로 강성 활동 파괴체가 소성화된 국부적인 지반을 따라서 발생되고, 사면의 파괴형상은 경계조건과 지반상태가 단순할 경우에만 쉽게 예측할 수 있으며, 복잡한 지반상태에서는 많은 노력과 비용을 들여서 정밀하게 조사해야만 어느 정도 실제와 근사하게 예측할 수 있다. 자연 또는 인공사면에서 지질 및 지반상태, 지하수 상태, 사면의 형상, 사면의 규모, 외력의 작용상태 등의 조건을 분석하여 사면파괴를 일으킬 수 있는 원인들을 찾아내어 적합한 안정화대책을 마련하는 방안을 모색한다. 특히 사면을 성토사면, 절토사면, 암절사면, 대절토사면으로 구분하여 사면파괴 원인과 안정화대책에 대해서 심도 있게 검토한다. 사면의 설계 및 안정검토를 위하여 일반적으로 적용하고 있는 사면안정 검토 방법들에 대해서 이론전개 과정에서 발생되는 문제점들과 이들이 결과에 미치는 영향에 대해서 언급한다. 그리고 사면을 안정시키기 위하여 일상적으로 적용하는 대책공법들의 적용성을 사면파괴 원인과 연계해서 판정하는 방안을 검토한다.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2007

Probabilistic Risk Assessment considering statistically random variables is performed for the preliminary design of an Arch Bridge. Component reliabilities of girders have been evaluated using the response surfaces of the design variables at the selected critical sections based on the maximum shear and negative moment locations. Response Surface Method (RSM) is successfully applied for reliability analyses lot this relatively small probability of failure of the complex structure, which is hard to be calculated by Monte-Carlo Simulations or by First Order Second Moment method that can not easily calculate the derivative terms in implicit limit state functions. For the analysis of system reliability, parallel resistance system composed of girders is modeled as a parallel series connection system. The upper and lower probabilities of failure for the structural system have been evaluated and compared with the suggested prediction method for the combination of failure modes. The suggested prediction method for the combination of failure modes reveals the unexpected combinations of element failures in significantly reduced time and efforts, compared with the previous permutation method or conventional system reliability analysis method.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.26-35
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• 2019

In designing a gravity-type anchorage of earth-anchored suspension bridge, the contact friction between a blasted rock mass and the concrete anchorage plays a key role in the stability of the entire anchorage. Therefore, it is vital to understand the shear behavior of the interface between the blasted rock mass and concrete. In this study, a portable 3D LiDAR scanner was utilized to scan the blasted bottom surfaces, and rock surface roughness was quantitatively analyzed from the scanned profiles to apply to 3D FEM modelling. In addition, based on the 3D FEM model, a three-dimensional dynamic fracture process analysis (DFPA-3D) technique was applied to study on the shear behavior of the interface between blasted rock and concrete through direct shear tests, which was analyzed under constant normal load (CNL). The effects of normal stress and the joint roughness on shear failure behavior are also analyzed.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.673-682
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• 2020

The ground shear force at the expected failure surface and resistance force due to reinforced anchor can act as important factors according to a failure type from the stability viewpoint at a slope. Furthermore, the anchor's axial force may vary at an anchor-reinforced slope due to ground weathering, settlement, and corrosion in the incompletely anti-corrosion treated steel wire strand at a ground where the bearing plate is installed. However, in case that the resistance force of the anchor is locally lost due to the variation of the anchor's axial force, the resistance force may not play the role so that the external force tends to be transferred to the surrounding anchors, causing an increase in the tensile force in the surrounding anchors. Accordingly, a stability problem at the entire slope may occur, which requires much attention. Thus, this study proposed a method to monitor a variation trend of the tensile force of anchors installed at a slope and infer the external stability at the entire slope considering the monitoring result.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.366-372
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• 2009

Recently, in order to achieve smooth fracture plane and minimize the excavation damage zone in rock blasting, controlled blasting methods which utilize new technologies such as electronic delay detonator (EDD) and a notched charge hole have been suggested. In this study, smooth blastings utilizing three wing type notched charge holes are simulated to investigate the influence of explosive initial density on the resultant fracture plane and damage zone using dynamic fracture process analysis (DFPA) code. Finally, based on the dynamic fracture process analyses, novel smooth blasting method, ED-Notch SB (Electronic Detonator Notched Charge Hole Smooth Blasting) is suggested.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.145-153
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• 1996

The fracture process zone in concrete is a region ahead of a traction-free crack, in which two major mechanisms, microcracking and bridging, play important roles. The toughness due to bridging is dominant compared to toughness induced by microcracking, so that the bridging is dominani: mechanism governing the fracture process of concrete. Fracture mechanics does work for concrete provided that the fracture process zone is being considered, so that the development of model for the fracture process zone is most important to describe fracture phenomena in concrete. In this paper the bridging zone, which is a part of extended rnacrocrack with stresses transmitted by aggregates in concrete, is modelled by a Dugdale-Barenblatt type model with linear tension-softening curve. Two finite element techniques are shown for the analysis of progressive cracking in concrete based on the discrete crack approach: one with crack element, the other without crack element. The advantage of the technique with crack element is that it dees not need to update the mesh topology to follow the progressive cracking. Numerical results by the techniques are demonstrated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.2810-2818
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• 2009

In order to examine the characteristic of shallow failure in cut slopes composed of weathered granite soil, this study calculated critical permeability coefficient according to rainfall characteristic in Korea, performed stability analysis according to the representative physical properties of weathered granite soil distributed in Korea such as horizontal distance to the failure surface of cut slope, slope inclination, slope height, and the depth of wetting by rainfall, and analyzed the results. In the results of analyzing critical permeability coefficient, when the local rainfall characteristic was considered, the maximum critical permeability coefficient was $7.16{\times}10^{-4}cm/sec$. We judged that shallow failure according to wetting depth should be considered when rainfall below the critical rainfall intensity lasts longer than the minimum rainfall duration in cut slopes composed of weathered granite soil, which had a critical permeability coefficient lower than the maximum critical permeability coefficient. Furthermore, using simulated failure surface, this study could understand the characteristic of shallow failure in cut slopes based on the change in slope safety factor according to horizontal distance, wetting depth, and strength parameter.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.5-15
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• 2017

Three-hinge failure occurs in a jointed rock slope with a joint set parallel with slope and a conjugate joint set. Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) and Finite Element Method (FEM) which are commonly used for slope design, are not suitable for evaluating stability against three-hinge failure, and this study performed parametric study to analyze the failure mechanism and to find influence factors causing three-hinge failure using UDEC which is a commercial two-dimensional DEM based numerical program. Numerical analyses were performed for various joint structural conditions and joint properties as well as ground water conditions. It was found that pore water pressure is the main factor triggering the three-hinge failure and the mode of failure depends on friction angle of basal joint and bedding joint set. The results obtained from this study can be used for adequate and economic footwall slope reinforcement design and construction.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 1989

This study presents a probabilistic analysis of the stability of homogeneous soil slopes during earthquakes. The stability of the slope is measured through its probability of failure rather than the customary factor of safety. The maximum horizontal ground acceleration is deterimined with Donovan and McGuire equation. The earthquake magnitude (m) is a random variable the Probability density function f(m) has been obtained with a use of Richter law. The potential failure surfaces are taken to be of an exponential shape (log-spiral) , Uncertainties of the shear strength parameters along potential failure surface are expressed by one-dimensional random field model. From a first order analysis the mean and variance of safety margin is osculated. The dependence on significant seismic parameters of the probability of failure of the slope is examined and the results are presented in a number of graphs and tables. On the base of the results obtained in this study, it is concluled that (1) the present model is useful in assessing the reliability of soil slopes under both static and seismic conditions: and (2) the probability of failure of a soil slope is greatly affected by the values of the seismic parameters that are associated with it.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 1998

This is a study on the relation of window glass breaking time, shape, and vent condition in a compartment fire through the experiment. We recognize the phenomenon that window glass breakage in a compartment fire be arose from the thermal stresses due to the temperature temperature difference was 233.4$^{\circ}C$ for test 1-3, 138$^{\circ}C$ for text 2-1, 83.6$^{\circ}C$ for test 2-2. The interior test 2-2, 400.9$^{\circ}C$ for test 2-3. so if the flame didn't reach at the surface of window glass, the breakage of glass occure at 40$0^{\circ}C$~50$0^{\circ}C$. when the fire size reached to 1541.14kW, the window might be broken by thermal stress. But window glass was not collapsed.