• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.1 s.72
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• pp.83-94
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes of cancellous and cortical bone and the effect of estrogen in ovariectomized rats. Fifty female rats, 250gm in body weight, were divided into three groups : ovariectomized group(OVE), ovariectomized and estrogen-injected group(OVE-EST), and sham operated and estrogen-injected group(EST). Bilateral ovariectomy was performed at the onset of the experiment. In OVE-EST group and EST group, estrogen was injected $50{\mu}g/kg$ B.W. every other days from 3 weeks after surgery to sacrifice. Each five rats were sacrificed after 5, 6, 7 weeks. One side of mandibular body was radiographed with a soft x-ray apparatus(Hitex Co., Ltd., Japan). Thereafter the obtained microradiographs were used for the morphometric analysis using a Image analyzer. The morphometric analysis was perforrmed for parameters such as total bone area, cortex bone area and medullary bone area. The other side of the mandibular bone was decalcified and embedded in paraffin as using a general method. The specimens were sectioned and stained with Mallory's anilline blue and observed light microscopically. The results were as follows. 1 In all groups, the proportion of cortex to total bone area was not significantly different. 2. In ovariectomized(OVE) group, the proportion of marrow cavity to medullary bone area increased significantly from 5 to 7 weeks(p<0.05). In ovariectomized and estrogen-injected(OVE-EST) group, it decreased significantly at 7 weeks, and in estrogen-injected(EST) group, it decreased significantly from 6 weeks(p<0.05). 3. Microradiogram and histopathologic findings revealed that marrow cavity was enlarged and osteoclasts were observed around irregular bone surface in OVE group. In OVE-EST group, the size of marrow cavity at 7 weeks was similar to that of control group. In EST group, as dense trabecular bone increased from 5 to 7 weeks, marrow cavity decreased.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1220-1232
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• 2018

The purpose of this animal study was to evaluate, by histological analysis, bone regeneration in rabbit maxillary sinuses with an anorganic bovine graft (Bio-Oss) and a ${\beta}-tricalcium$ phosphate (${\beta}-TCP$) grafting. Bilateral sinus augmentation procedures were performed in 12 adult male rabbits. Rectangular replaceable bony windows were made with a piezoelectric thin saw insert. In the Bio-Oss group, Bio-Oss was grafted and in the ${\beta}-TCP$ group, ${\beta}-TCP$ was grafted and covered by replaceable bony windows. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after the surgical procedure. The augmented sinuses were evaluated by histomorphometric analysis using hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase stains and also by immunohistochemical analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), type I collagen, and osteocalcin content. Histologically, new bone formation was found on the surface of Bio-Oss and ${\beta}-TCP$ particles from 2 weeks and continued to 8 weeks. Significant higher new bone formation was revealed in the ${\beta}-TCP$ group than in the Bio-Oss group at 8 weeks. The amount of graft materials was significantly decreased in the ${\beta}-TCP$ group and the number of osteoclasts was significantly increased in the ${\beta}-TCP$ group from 4 to 8 weeks. Immunoreactivity to PCNA was reduced at 8 weeks. The expression of type I collagen was significantly increased in the ${\beta}-TCP$ group at 2 weeks, but was significantly increased in the Bio-Oss group at 8 weeks. Immunoreactivity to osteocalcin was increased from 2 to 8 weeks. These histological results can help in the selection of graft materials for implants. Both Bio-Oss and ${\beta}-TCP$ are proven graft materials, however, these results indicate that ${\beta}-TCP$ showed better bone regeneration results in rabbit maxillary sinus augmentation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.219-233
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• 2002

면역억제활성이 알려진 Cerves korean TEMMINCK var. manchur-icus Swinhoe(Nokyong) 약침(CPH)은 다모 뿔의 녹용을 열수추출한 용액이다. 본 연구에서는 녹용 약침의 효과를 adjuvant 유발 관절염 실험용쥐를 이용하여 골체, 골강도 및 골대체율의 감소를 평가하였다. 위의 골 대사 관련 검정실험을 위하여 6주령의 암컷 실험용쥐에 20일간 약물투여를 실시하였다. 실험적인 관절염유발은 실험용쥐의 뒤쪽 다리에 Adjuvant를 주사하여 유발시킨 결과, 요부의 골 무기질함량과 밀도(BMC, BMD) 그리고 압축강도는 관절염 실험용쥐에서 감소되었다. 10일 경과 후 골형성도(BFR/BS, BFR/BV)의 조직형태학적 기준척도인 혈청 osteocalcin 수가 정상대조군과 비교해 볼 때 현저하게 감소되었다. 그러나, 몸무게로 나눈 BMC치는 관절염 유발군과 정상군 사이에 큰 차이가 보이지 않았다. 그리고 골무기질 함량은 정상군에 비해 감소하지 않았다. 20일 경과후 몸무게로 나누거나 나누지 않은 BMC치 모두, 관절염 군에서 요부 몸체의 골무기질 함량과 강도가 정상군과 비교해 볼 때 현저하게 감소되었다. 잔존 소주(小柱)의 무기질 침착 표면은 현저하게 감소하였으며 파골 세포의 수는 증가하였다. 초기부터 매일 Shinsu(B23)에 CPH 약침 투여(10, 20, $50{\mu}g/kg$)는 20일 경과후 만성적인 다리 부종을 현저하게 방지하였으며, 골 무기질함량, 골강도 및 소주골 형성등의 감소와 파골세포수 증가도 완화하였다. Adjuvant주사로 장애를 받았던 연령대비 요부 길이 증가도 유지되었다. 이러한 결과는 Adjuvant에 의한 관절염 실험용쥐의 2차적인 골관절염에서 충분히 요추 몸체뼈와 강도 감소를 나타내기 위해서는 적어도 20일이 필요하다는 것을 제시하였다. 본 결과로부터 CPH가 실험용쥐의 관절염에 대한 골체, 골강도 및 골대체율을 조절하는데 유효하게 작용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.4 s.99
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• pp.279-291
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• 2003

Electric current is a highly probable way as a clinical tool for tooth movement. The purposes of this study were to determine the usefulness of exogenous electric currents in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement and to investigate the effects of electric-orthodontic treatment on the remodeling of the periodontal tissue histologically The study was performed with six male cats weighing around 3kg. The electric device wich is providing the direct electric current of $20{\mu}A$ was inserted to the removable appliance. The right and left maxillary canines were assigned as control and experimental sides respectively. The control canine was Provided with orthodontic force (75gm) oかy and the experimental side was given the same amount of force and electricity. The lingual buttons were bonded to the maxillary canines and both sides of canines were retracted with NiTi coil spring. The electric device was adjusted to provide 20uh direct current to the experimental canines S hours a day The amount of the canine movement was measured with electronic caliper every week. After 4 weeks of tooth movement, the animals were sacrificed and the histologic study was performed. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The application of a direct current to the experimental tooth significantly increased the final amount of orthodontic tooth movement. The amount of tooth movement after 28-day was 37% more in the experimental side. 2. The electrically stimulated tooth showed histologic evidence of significant increases in the amount of bones and matrix deposition in the area of tension. 3. In the compression side, the electric-orthodontic treatment stimulated bone resorption more extensively in the experimental canines. 4. After 28 days of electricity exposure and orthodontic force, the experimental side demonstrated significantly more osteoblasts, osteoclasts, capillaries and osteoid tissues, reflectinr an increase in the local tissue's cellular activity. 5. Intermittent electrical stimulation (five hours a day) had effects to enhance orthodontic tooth movement and tissue remodeling. These results suggested that the low-intensity exogenous electric current by the miniature electric device might accelerate orthodontic tooth movement and bone remodeling in vivo and have the possibility to reduce the orthodontic treatment duration.