• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.350-357
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• 2023

Marine accidents frequently occur due to the unreasonable operation of ships excluded from ship departure control during marine special weather warnings within smooth water areas. Coastal wave buoys installed in smooth water areas are major reference indicators for ship departure control and can be seen as being directly connected to the safety of ships navigating smooth water areas and the coast. In this study, the location appropriateness of currently operating coastal wave buoys and additional installation in the smooth water areas were assessed by analyzing coastal marine accidents over the past 30 years (1991-2020), the main wind direction and wind speed of each major trading port, and the GICOMS ship track data in 2018. The study results showed that an additional coastal wave buoy should be installed at each of the major trading ports(Inchon Port, Pohang Port, Ulsan Port, and Busan Port) and that the location of the coastal wave buoy needs to be moved in the case of Busan Port. Based on various data analysis in this study, the suggestion for an additional installation and movement of the coastal wave buoy presented in this study is expected to contribute to improving the reliability of ship departure control and resolving safety blind spots.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.524-535
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• 2021

Rapid climate change and oceanic warming have increased the variability of oceanic wave heights over the past several decades. In addition, the extreme wave heights, such as the upper 1% (or 5%) wave heights, have increased more than the heights of the normal waves. This is true for waves both in global oceans as well as in local seas. Satellite altimeters have consistently observed significant wave heights (SWHs) since 1991, and sufficient SWH data have been accumulated to investigate 100-year return period SWH values based on statistical approaches. Satellite altimeter data were used to estimate the extreme SWHs at the Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS) for the period from 2005 to 2016. Two representative extreme value analysis (EVA) methods, the Initial Distribution Method (IDM) and Peak over Threshold (PoT) analysis, were applied for SWH measurements from satellite altimeter data and compared with the in situ measurements observed at the IORS. The 100-year return period SWH values estimated by IDM and PoT analysis using IORS measurements were 8.17 and 14.11 m, respectively, and those using satellite altimeter data were 9.21 and 16.49 m, respectively. When compared with the maximum value, the IDM method tended to underestimate the extreme SWH. This result suggests that the extreme SWHs could be reasonably estimated by the PoT method better than by the IDM method. The superiority of the PoT method was supported by the results of the in situ measurements at the IORS, which is affected by typhoons with extreme SWH events. It was also confirmed that the stability of the extreme SWH estimated using the PoT method may decline with a decrease in the quantity of the altimeter data used. Furthermore, this study discusses potential limitations in estimating extreme SWHs using satellite altimeter data, and emphasizes the importance of SWH measurements from the IORS as reference data in the East China Sea to verify satellite altimeter data.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.27 no.6 s.301
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• pp.39-43
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• 1994

UR의 충격이 채 가시기도 전에 GRㆍTR등 새로운 라운드의 파고가 집더미처럼 몰려오고 있다. 선진국의 경제패권ㆍ기술패권주의의 일환으로 무자비하게 다가오고 있는 이들 파고를 지혜롭게 극복하는 길은 무엇일까? 이 일이야말로 우리가 2000년대의 선진국대열에 합류하느냐 아니면 지금보다 못한 중하위권으로 처지느냐의 갈림길이 될 것이다. 국제화ㆍ개방화시대에 대비한 우리 과학기술의 나아갈 길을 모색해 보았다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.130-133
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• 2003

방파제의 사면 파괴는 파가 구조물에 도달하였을 경우 발생하는 도파가 주된 요인중의 하나로 작용한다. 도파란 파도가 해안구조물에 충돌하여 뛰어 오르거나 기어오르는 현상을 일컫는다. 뛰어오르는 파도의 정상까지의 수직거리를 도파고(h$_{R}$)라 한다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.325-325
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• 2018

파랑 중 4점 계류식 해상부유체의 운동 특성은 4점 계류의 상태에 따라 운동해석이 달라질 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 부상체의 부력과 파랑의 파고 및 풍압으로 인한 계류색에 미치는 장력에 대하여 검토하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.258-265
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• 2015

Over the last 20 years, freak waves have attracted many researchers because of their unexpected behaviors and damages on offshore structures and vessels in the ocean and coastal waters. Despite many researches on the causes, mechanisms and occurrence of freak waves, we have not reached consensus on the results of the researches. This paper presents the occurrence probability of freak waves based on the analysis of wave records measured at coastal waters of Donghae harbor in the East Sea. Three freak waves were found which satisfied conditions of m and $H_S{\geq}2.5m$ and $H_m/H_S{\geq}2$. The occurrence probabilities of freak waves were estimated from extreme distributions by Mori, Rayleigh and Ahn, and found to be on the orders of O($10^{-1}$), O($10^{-2}$), and O($10^{-3}$), respectively. The occurrence probabilities of freak waves measured from waves records were estimated between O($10^{-2}$) and O($10^{-3}$), which were located between predictions by Rayleigh and Ahn's extreme probability distributions. However, we need more analysis of wave records obtained from diverse field conditions in order to verify the accuracy of the estimation of occurrence probability of freak waves.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 2007

The eye measurement to observe the sea surface condition and estimate the wave height has been used in the open sea or the ship. The experts in the eye estimation can measure the wave height very accurately. The Beaufort wind scale is most widely used as a standard index of the eye measurement. However, more definite reference data such as the representative images by each wave heights must be necessary because the appearances and explanations in the Beaufort wind scale are not enough to understand the sea surface condition far the researcher and the public. The modern field data acquisition technique has been developed to measure wave heights, ocean weather data and even images of the sea surface in real-time. In this study, the wireless field image transmitting system for wave heights and images is installed in the real-time ocean measurement system of Chodo light tower near Sokcho city in South Korea. The wave heights and surface images acquired from the real time system in the field are compared with explanations of the Beaufort wind scale. The wave heights and images measured with the precision ultrasonic wave sensor and the scientific sea surface image transmitting system should be helpful to obtain more precise and definite information than the data from the Beaufort wind scale.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.188-196
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• 2009

This study conducted numerical simulations to analyze the wave characteristics(distribution) depending on the directional changes of waves in the Nakdong river estuary by using SWAN(Simulating WAves Nearshore) model. The results from the tests are summarized as below. The wave height rates are generally highly distributed with the incident waves from the S, SSE, SSW, SE, SW in sequence. When the waves from the S, SSW, SSE directions are predominant, the bigger waves were observed in front of sandbars. According to the results of the wave steepness against the wave direction, at the east coast of Gadeok island(northwest of Nakdong estuary), where has mild seabed slopes, the wave height rates distribute in the range of 0.4~0.6; the wave height rates over the west coastal region of Dadeapo(southeast of Nakdong estuary) are 0.5~0.6. The wave height rate tends to be rapidly decreased over the east region of Nakdong river estuary rather than its west region.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.230-241
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• 2020

Since the construction of Pohang New Port, the problems of the low harbor tranquility caused by decreasing port operation rate has been continuously reported. In order to improve the harbor tranquility, a detached breakwater (DB) has been constructed outside the outer breakwater of Pohang New Port in 2018~2020. In this study, the effectiveness of the DB was proved by comparing the reduction rates of wave heights that were observed before and after the construction of the DB. First, the observed data were compared with the numerical model results available from a previous study, and the model data showed reasonable agreement with measured data at 3 out of 4 locations inside the port. The discrepancy in one of the locations was because the model could not accurately calculated the effect of wave interference in the inner corner of the port. The observation data showed excellent results that the number of waves that exceeded 0.3 m, the critical value to reach desired harbor tranquility, was significantly reduced after the construction of the DB. In addition, the reduction rate, the ratio of wave heights between outside and inside of the port, was decreased after the DB construction, which proved that properly designed coastal structures such as DB in this study could be effective in improving the port tranquility. The results of this study can be usefully applied for solving problems in similar cases.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.101-109
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• 2021

Wave observations using a marine X-band radar are conducted by analyzing the backscattered radar signal from sea surfaces. Wave parameters are extracted using Modulation Transfer Function obtained from 3D wave number and frequency spectra which are calculated by 3D FFT of time series of sea surface images (42 images per minute). The accuracy of estimation of the significant wave height is, therefore, critically dependent on the quality of radar images. Wave observations during Typhoon Maysak and Haishen in the summer of 2020 show large errors in the estimation of the significant wave heights. It is because of the deteriorated radar images due to raindrops falling on the sea surface. This paper presents the algorithm developed to increase the accuracy of wave heights estimation from radar images by adopting convolution neural network(CNN) which automatically classify radar images into rain and non-rain cases. Then, an algorithm for deriving the Hs is proposed by creating different ANN models and selectively applying them according to the rain or non-rain cases. The developed algorithm applied to heavy rain cases during typhoons and showed critically improved results.