• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.885-888
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• 2002

Prevalence of food allergic disease was examined by identifying the most common foods implicated in allergic reactions in Korea. Patients were subjected to test determining the amount of specific IgE antibody in serum against food allergens by CAP system. A total 9054 CAP analyses on egg white, egg yolk, cow milk, ${\alpha}-lactalbumin,\;{\beta}-lactoglobulin$, casein, wheat, rice, buckwheat, soybean, peach, crab, shrimp, pork, beef, chicken, tuna, salmon, mackerel, and food mix were undertaken. The results were considered to be positive when CAP value was same and/or greater than +2 (0.7 U/mL). Positive results of CAP analyses were 11.3% (1022/9054 cases), consisting of 336 on egg white, 266 on cow milk, 95 on egg yolk, 76 on soybean, 69 on ${\alpha}-lactalbumin$, 61 on casein, 58 on ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$, 39 on buckwheat, 12 on wheat, 3 on beef, 2 on crab, and 1 on rice, shrimp, pork, chicken or mackerel, and 0 on peach, tuna or food mix. Egg, cow milk, soybean, buckwheat, and wheat were identified as the most common allergic foods in Korea, showing an average of two different food sources for allergy per patient.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.618-623
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• 2011

Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been considered as a significant food-borne pathogen since its role in causing hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans was recognized. In this study, we developed an immunochromatography (ICG) assay for the detection of E. coli O157:H7. E. coli O157:H7 monoclonal antibody (EC MAb) and colloidal gold were conjugated and its specificity was determined by the ICG treated with EC MAb and antimouse IgG at test and control lines, respectively. The detection limit of the ICG was $1{\times}10^5$ CFU/mL, and no crossreactivity was observed to other E. coli strains and major food-borne pathogens. To determine the minimum enrichment time for the ICG, meats and sprouts were inoculated with $1{\times}10$ CFU/100 ${\mu}L$ of E. coli O157:H7. After enrichment time of 10 and 2 h for meats and sprouts, respectively, up to $1{\times}10$ CFU/100 ${\mu}L$ of E. coli O157:H7 could be detected by ICG.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.481-487
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• 2010

Purpose: Recently many studies show early exposure during childhood growth to endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides, LPS) and/or early exposure to allergens exhibit important role in development of allergy including bronchial asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of endotoxin and allergen exposure in early life via the airways in the pathogenesis of allergic airways inflammation and airway hyperresposiveness (AHR) in mouse model of asthma. Methods: Less than one week-old Balb/c mice was used. Groups of mice were received either a single intranasal instillation of sterile physiologic saline, 1% ovalbumin (OVA), LPS or $1.0{\mu}g$ LPS in 1% OVA. On 35th day, these animals were sensitized with 1% OVA for 10 consecutive days via the airways. Animals were challenged with ovalbumin for 3 days on 55th days, and airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and cytokine expression were assessed. Measurements of airway function were obtained in unrestrained animals, using whole-body plethysmography. Airway responsiveness was expressed in terms of % enhanced pause (Penh) increase from baseline to aerosolized methacholine. Lung eosinophilia, serum OVA-IgE and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cytokine levels were also assessed. ANOVA was used to determine the levels of difference between all groups. Comparisons for all pairs were performed by Tukey-Kramer honest significant difference test; $P$ values for significance were set to 0.05. Results: Sensitized and challenged mice with OVA showed significant airway eosinophilia and heightened responsiveness to methacholine. Early life exposure of OVA and/or LPS via the airway prevented both development of AHR as well as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophilia. Exposure with OVA or LPS also resulted in suppression of interleukin (IL)-4, 5 production in BAL fluid and OVA specific IgE in blood. Conclusion: These results indicate that antigen and/or LPS exposure in the early life results in inhibition of allergic responses to OVA in this mouse model of astham. Our data show that early life exposure with OVA and/or LPS may have a protective role in the development of allergic airway inflammation and development of allergen-induced airway responses in mouse model of asthma.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.182-192
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• 2011

Purpose : Atopic findings may be associated with severity of pneumonia in 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection, which could suggest a possible association between atopic findings and the severity of viral infections. Thus, we studied association between atopic findings and severity of disease in children with H1N1 influenza infection. Methods : A retrospective study was performed in 74 children admitted in a single tertiary institute and confirmed as H1N1 patients by reverse transcriptase (RT) - polymerase chain reaction (PCR). They were divided into 2 groups according to the severity of pneumonia. We evaluated whether the atopic finding is risk factor between the two groups. Results : Children with severe pneumonia had higher percentages of serum eosinophilia (88% vs 40%, P <0.001), asthma (65% vs 35%, P =0.011), allergic rhinitis (71% vs 40%, P =0.009), and IgE level (P =0.007). We found positive correlations between aeroallergen sensitizations and severity of pneumonia (82% vs 53%, P =0.007). Conclusion : Among patients with H1N1 pneumonia, asthma and atopic findings are risk factors for severity of pneumonia.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.376-382
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• 2002

호주의 많은 소동물 임상수의사들이 최근에 관심을 갖고 있는 부분은 개의 아토피(Canine Atopy)에서의 알러지-특이성(Allergen-specific)IgE에 쓰이는 혈청 ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay, 효소결합면역흡착검사)테스트의 활용 가능성에 관한 것이다. 희망사항은 개 아토피의 진단과 치료에 있어서 도움이 되도록 접근할 수 있는 시험(Accessible test)일 것이다. 아토피(Atopy)는 진단과 치료를 실패시키는 질병이며, 새로운 ELISA라도 이 문제를 쉽게 해결하여 주지 못한다. 개의 아토피에서 알려진(Allergens)들을 분석하는 데 쓰이는 혈청 ELISA처럼 아주 정확하게 특성화되어져야 한다. 해당 개는 아토피성(Atopic)으로서 진단되어져야만 되고 그 다음에 치료에 지침이 되도록 개별 알러진 동정(Individual allergen identification)용 ELISA로 개의 혈액을 스크린하는데 적합하여야 한다. ELISA와 피내접종시험(Internal testing)방법은 상관도가 낮고 그렇기 때문에 어떤 시험이 더 신뢰할 수 있는 것일까? 이러한 사실은 논쟁의 여지가 있으며 이상의 2가지 시험들이 옳다면 각각의 상응하는 각각 다른 아형(Subtypes)의 아토피라고 볼 수있다. 아마도 알러진들은 경피적으로 흡수되어 아토피성피부염으로 되어진다. 그것은 인체에서 건초열(Hay fever)이나 천식(Asthma)과 같이 흡입에 의해 일으키는 유사한 증후군동종 (Syndrome akin)과 같은 접근의 초기양식(Primary mode of access)으로부터 생기는 다른 유사한 질병과정이 되어질 수도 있다. 이러한 2가지 증후군은 함께 병발하는 경우가 있다. 의학에서는 피부 반점시험방법의 예비조사연구(Preliminary research with skin patch testing in medicine)는 아토피성 피부염을 야기하는 알러진들의 경피흡수경로의 개념을 지지해준다. 흡인 알러진들을 사용한 개들에서의 도전 시험(Challenge tests)들은 거의 대부분이 비-피부학적 임상증상들을 발현하였다. 모든 증거가 분명히 나타나도록 미래의 조사연구를 인도해 주는 게 필요하며 개 아토피의 정의와 진단을 둘러싼 수수께끼를 해결하는데 도움이 될 것이다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1721-1725
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• 2011

Mast cells are major effector cells associated with allergic responses. They are activated through the release of histamine, arachidonic acid, and proinflammatory cytokines. We investigated the effect of nodakenin, derived from the roots of Angelica gigas Nakai, on mast cell degranulation and on an allergic response in an animal model. We also investigated the effect of nodakenin on expression of multiple cytokines. Nodakenin suppressed the release of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase, a marker of degranulation, as well as the expression of interleukin IL-4 and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA. Nodakenin inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in ICR mice in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that nodakenin can inhibit mast cell degranulation through the inhibition of IL-4 and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression, and that nodakenin may potentially serve as an anti-allergic agent.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.184-189
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• 2020

Lyme disease is a common vector-borne disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. Erythema migrans represents the most common manifestation during the early phase of this disease; however, systemic manifestations involving the nervous system, joints, or heart are known to occur. We report a case of Lyme disease accompanied by cardiac complications in a 13-year-old Korean male adolescent. The patient developed annular erythematous lesions on his lower extremities after a field trip during his visit to Connecticut, USA, for a boarding school camp, and his skin lesions were consistent with erythema migrans. Indirect immunofluorescence assay and Western blot analysis for Lyme immunoglobulin M showed positive results. Electrocardiography revealed a first-degree atrioventricular block, and he was diagnosed with Lyme carditis and received a 4-week course of oral doxycycline. Follow-up electrocardiography performed a week later revealed normal findings, and the patient showed an uneventful recovery. Lyme carditis often presents as an asymptomatic heart block that can progress to an advanced heart block; however, this condition is reversible with appropriate antibiotic treatment.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.818-823
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• 2009

Purpose : We aimed to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of minor clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis (AD) in Korean children to aid the diagnosis and treatment of AD. Methods : From April 2007 to December 2007, we enrolled 106 children (aged 1 month [infants] to 15 years) diagnosed with AD at the Pediatric Allergy Respiratory Center in Soonchunhyang University Hospital. Clinical manifestations were examined and laboratory findings (total and specific immunoglobulin E [IgE] levels and peripheral blood eosinophil count) were analyzed and compared. Results : Minor symptoms, in order of frequency, included xerosis (78.3%), aggravation due to environmental or emotional stress (43.4%), lichenification (35.8%), orbital darkening (34.0%), periauricular eczema (33.0%), and cutaneous infection (31.1%). Older children (${\geq}2$ years) showed more orbital darkening (P=0.01), horizontal crease (P=0.01), and lichenification (P=0.001) than infants. Patients with severe AD (scoring atopic dermatitis [SCORAD] score, ${\geq}40$) showed higher frequencies of xerosis (P= 0.04), cutaneous infection (P=0.03), ichthyosis (P=0.18), keratosis pilaris (P=0.02), pityriasis alba (P=0.07), recurrent conjunctivitis (P=0.02), orbital darkening (P=0.001), aggravation due to environmental or emotional stress (P=0.05), facial eczema (P=0.001), lichenification (P=0.001), and hand/foot eczema (P=0.04) than those with mild-to-moderate AD. Children with atopic eczema showed more facial eczema (P=0.01) and lichenification (P=0.04) than those with non-atopic eczema. Conclusion : The clinical manifestations of AD were similar to those established by Hanifin and Rajka. However, we need to develop our own diagnostic criteria for AD, because the frequencies shown by our subjects differed from those observed in other countries.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.65-74
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• 1992

The tegumental ultrastructure of juvenile and adult Echinostoma cinetorchis (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Three-day (juvenile) and 16-day (adult) worms were harvested from rats (Sprague-Dawley) experimentally fed the metacercariae from the laboratory-infected fresh water snail, Hippeutis cantori. The worms were fifed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde, processed routinely, and observed by an ISI Korea DS-130 scanning electron microscope. The 3-day old juvenile worms were elongated and ventrally curved, with their ventral sucker near the anterior two-fifths of the body. The head crown was bearing 37∼38 collar spines arranged in a zigzag pattern. The lips of the oral and ventral suckers had 8 and 5 type II sensory papillae respectively, and bewteen the spines, a few type III papillae were observed. Tongue or spade-shape spines were distributed anteriorly to the ventral sucker, whereas peg-like spines were distributed posteriorly and became sparse toward the posterior body. The spines of the dorsal surface were similar to those of the ventral surface. The 16-day old adults were leaf-like, and their oral and ventral suckers were located very closely. Aspinous head crown, oral and ventral suckers had type II and type III sensory papillae, and numerous type I papillae were distributed on the tegument anterior to the ventral sucker. Scale-like spines, with broad base and round tip, were distributed densely on the tegument anterior to the ventral sucker but they became sparse posteriorly. At the dorsal surface, spines were observed at times only at the anterior body. The results showed that the tegument of E. cinetorchis is similar to that of other echinostomes, but differs in the number and arrangement of collar spines, shape and distribution of tegumenal spines, and type and distribution of sensory papillae.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.209-217
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• 2002

There have been many studies on the application of the reciprocal advantages of multimodality image to define accurate target volume in the Process of radiation treatment planning. For the proper use of the multimodality images, the registration works between different modality images should be performed in advance. In this study, we selected chamfer matching method and mutual information method as most popular methods in recent image registration studies considering the registration accuracy and clinical practicality. And the two registration methods were analyzed to deduce the optimal registration method according to the characteristics of images. Lung phantom of which multimodality images could be acquired was fabricated and CT, MRI and SPECT images of the phantom were used in this study. We developed the registration program which can perform the two registration methods properly and analyzed the registration results which were produced by the developed program in many different images' conditions. Although the overall accuracy of the registration in both chamfer matching method and mutual information method was acceptable, the registration errors in SPECT images which had lower resolution and in degraded images of which data were removed in some part were increased when chamfer matching method was applied. Especially in the case of degraded reference image, chamfer matching methods produce relatively large errors compared with mutual information method. Mutual information method can be estimated as more robust registration method than chamfer matching method in this study because it did not need the prerequisite works, the extraction of accurate contour points, and it produced more accurate registration results consistently regardless of the images' characteristics. The analysis of the registration methods in this study can be expected to provide useful information to the utilization of multimodality images in delineating target volume for radiation treatment planning and in many other clinical applications.