• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.159-184
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• 2017

OECD MNE Guidelines ('OECD Guidelines') was set forth in 1976 as a form of annex to the OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises. The objective of the OECD Guidelines is to fulfill the implementation and adoption of the Responsible Business Conduct ('RBC') among the adhering states. To further the effectiveness of the OECD Guidelines, OECD, specifically the Investment Committee of OECD, has utilized National Contact Point ('NCP') structure. According to the Procedural Guidance annexed to the OECD Guidelines, peer learning is prescribed as an important tool for promoting and facilitating the implementation procedures of the OECD Guidelines. This paper, inter alia, is mainly focusing on the peer review mechanism applicable to NCPs because negative assessments by peers are likely to harm Korea's state image and entail international criticisms even though such reviews are conducted voluntarily. In addition, the Working Party on Responsible Business Conduct ('WPRBC') decided to have a peer review of Korean NCP in 2019. This paper first outlines the meaning and current applications of the peer review mechanism, and then analyzes specific peer review cases conducted in Denmark and Belgium in 2015, and in 2016, respectively. Lastly, based on the issues handled in the peer review reports on the above states, this paper makes a few recommendations for Korean government to prepare the peer review scheduled in 2019.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.65-81
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• 2023

In recent times, there has been a surge in media coverage regarding fraudulent real estate lease scams. These scams have been attributed to speculators who made imprudent gap investments, in response to the sudden decline in real estate prices. The government has established new measures to safeguard tenants and prevent fraudulent real estate lease schemes in response to the growing incidence of tenants falling victim to such scams. Although there have been active research efforts on laws and regulations aimed at protecting tenants, such as the Tenant Protection Act and leasehold registration orders, there is an urgent need for research on the consistency of information across public ledgers, as real estate fraud has surged due to information asymmetry among these ledgers. This study aims to explore matching methodologies using matching keys for building information from real estate-related public ledgers, such as the building register and the road name address ledger, as well as to examine ways to integrate these ledgers with other public ledgers.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.72-72
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• 2020

전 세계 태양광 발전용량은 2010년 초 25GW에서 2019년 말 617.9GW로, 지난 10년 동안 25배 이상 증가하였다(2019년 전세계 태양광 발전(PV)의 추가량은 거의 133GW 추정). 2020년에도 세계 태양광시장은 120~150GW를 형성해 전년대비 10% 내외의 성장세를 이어갈 것으로 전망되며, 향후에도 성장률은 다소 낮아지겠지만 2030년 태양광 수요피크 200GW까지 지속적인 성장이 기대된다. 한편 우리나라 수상태양광은 높은 잠재력(저수면적의 7%를 활용할 경우 5,304MW 규모의 수상태양광 개발이 가능)을 가지고 있는 것으로 평가된다. 신(新)정부 국정과제 3020 신재생 확산정책에 따라 신재생에너지 보급률 확산이 전망되는 가운데, K-water의 중장기('17~'26) 전략경영계획에 따르면 수상태양광은 2026년까지 2,758MW 개발을 목표로 하고 있다. 하지만, 수상태양광은 경제성과 환경적 측면에서의 불확실성을 포함하여 시설물의 안정성 검증, 사회적 수용성 등 극복해야 할 정책과제들을 안고 있다. ① REC 가격의 안정화, 경제성 제고 문제(높은 운영 및 관리 비용), ② 난개발, 환경·경관·안전 문제에 대한 주민들의 우려 : 주민 수용성 제고, ③ 투자 사기와 유착·비리, 편법개발, 난개발에 대한 규제방안, ④ 지역사회와의 거버넌스 및 갈등관리 문제, 공용 전력망 부족과 계통연계 문제 등. 이에 본 연구는 태양광 선도국가의 정책 사례 분석을 통해 수상태양광 관련 명확한 규제 및 지원정책을 제언하고자 한다. 분석방법으로는 첫째, 주요 국가에서 시행 중인 수상태양광에 대한 금융지원 및 정책 지원을 국내 사례와 비교·분석하였으며 둘째, 경제적·생태적 관점에서 수상태양광 모델을 개발하고, 이를 지역사회가 수용할 수 있도록 정책적 대안을 제시하였다.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.97-110
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• 2012

The sharp decline of fertility in industrialized countries since the 19th century constitutes a major problem for evolutionary approaches to human behavior. Why would people voluntarily reduce their total number of offspring, despite the fact that resources are so abundant in modern times? Here I review three evolutionary hypotheses for low fertility in modern societies, and discuss how the evolutionary perspective could shed new light on solving the problem of low fertility in Korea. Low fertility may be 1) a maladaptive outcome from the mismatch between our ancestral environments and evolutionarily novel environments, 2) a consequence of gene-culture coevolution where traits that reduce genetic fitness can still spread through a population as a result of imitation, especially if the traits are expressed by high-status people, or 3) an adaptation that maximize parents' long-term genetic fitness in knowledge-based industrialized societies where high parental investment is required for rearing competitive offspring. Based on these considerations, I suggest how the evolutionary explanations of low fertility can be applied to increasing the birth rate in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.77-87
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• 2024

In this paper, we propose a study applying the Delphi technique to domestic blockchain experts to determine urgent and pivotal conditions for NFT proliferation. We examine these conditions from a PEST (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological Analysis of the Macro Environment) perspective, as well as the functions of digital assets (measurement, storage, and exchange). Through two rounds of expert surveys on the seven NFT perspectives, we identify 6 activating factors that can help guide future policy-making for the NFT market. These factors have broad implications for the development of new industries using blockchain technology and tokens. The Delphi method employed in this study is a group discussion technique that gathers opinions from experts anonymously through two rounds and to address drawbacks related to expert selection bias and opinion alignment, additional opinion collection and review of projections were conducted in each round.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.95-119
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• 2024

While several recent studies have investigated the spatial distribution of entrepreneurship within the Seoul metropolitan area, they have not thoroughly examined the relationship between the industrial composition and spatial distribution of entrepreneurial clusters. To address this gap, this study initially identified entrepreneurial clusters through hotspot analysis using Getis-Ord Gi* with venture capital investment data from 2021. Subsequently, to analyze the industrial composition of the identified clusters, we measured not only their industrial diversity and specialization, but also the share of software and non-software industries. Additionally, we examined the government policies related to the formation of the clusters. As a result, we identified fourteen prominent entrepreneurial clusters within the Seoul metro area and revealed that the clusters located closer to the city centers exhibited higher levels of industrial diversity and a greater share of software industries. Conversely, clusters situated farther from the city centers demonstrated a higher share of non-software industries. Furthermore, we found that government policies affect the industrial specialization of suburban clusters. Nevertheless, we observed several exceptions that diverged from the general trends due to policy interventions. These findings underscore that formulating policies for entrepreneurial clusters in metropolitan areas should be based on these insights.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1007-1011
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 어류 생태계 유지를 위해 필요한 생태학적 추천유량을 산정하고, 어류의 서식처 환경인 여울과 웅덩이의 형성조건을 검토함으로써 '작용'인 '흐름'과 '응답'인 '하상구조'와의 상관 관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상하천인 금호강에서는 하상변동이 활발한 자연 상태를 벗어나 하상의 이동성 상당히 둔화된 상태이며, 저수로내 여울과 웅덩이도 대표어종이 서식할 수 있는 자갈하상 구조에 변화가 일어나고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이것은 금호강 상류에 영천댐 건설의 영향이 어느 정도 미치고 있음을 유황분석 결과를 통해 간접적으로 파악할 수 있었다. 댐과 같은 수공구조물의 건설로 인하여 하도가 고정화된 상태에서 장기간에 걸치게 되면 여울과 웅덩이와 같은 하상구조가 축소되거나 소멸되어 금호강에서의 대표어종 서식처 환경에 영향을 미칠 것으로 추정된다. 금번 연구결과, 금호강에서 어류의 생식에 필요한 생태학적 추천유량 $8.2m^3/sec$가 필요하였으며, 어류의 서식처 환경인 여울과 웅덩이를 지속적으로 유지되기 위해서는 $250m^3/sec$ 이상의 유량이 연간 한번 이상 흘러야 하고, 2.5년 내지 3년 마다 약 $500m^3/sec$ 정도의 유량이 흐를 필요가 있다고 분석되었다. 본 연구 대상지점에서 흐름과 하상구조를 하천생태계와 연계해서 볼 때, 생태추천유량은 어디까지나 대표어종이 서식할 수 있는 최소조건에 불과하다. 대표어종이 장기간에 걸쳐 서식할 수 있는 하상구조가 존재하기 위해서는 대표어종이 선호하는 여울과 웅덩이가 필요하다. 결국 대표어종이 서식하기 위한 필요충분조건은 생태추천유량 확보와 아울러 대표어종이 선호하는 하상구조를 유지하기 위해서는 하도의 이동성을 유발할 유황변화가 필요하다는 것이 입증되었다.대상으로 연중 발생하는 큰 호우사상에 대해 임의의 강우관측소를 결측지점으로 가정하고 주변의 강우관측소로부터 각각의 방법을 이용해 가중치들을 산정하여 결측지점의 강우량 값을 보정하고자 하였다. 또한 각각의 방법을 이용하여 얻어진 결과에 대해 실측값과 보정값의 오차정도를 평균절대오차법(Mean Absolute Error)과 제곱평균제곱근오차법(Root Mean Squared Error)에 의해 산정하여 보정 방법간의 효율성을 검토하고자 하였다.9년, 그리고 2010년${\sim}$2019년까지 총 4구간으로 나누어 결과를 도출하였으며 예상한 바와 같이 후반기 20년 동안에 세 가지 지표가 취약해 지는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 특히 2000년부터 2009년까지 10년 동안에는 더욱 취약해짐을 확인할 수 있었다.를 보임에 따라 그 정책적 효과는 때로 역기능적인 결과로 초래하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이 연구결과를 통하여 최소한 주식시장(株式市場)에서 위탁증거금제도는 그 제도적 의의가 여전히 있다는 사실이 확인되었다. 또한 우리나라 주식시장에서 통상 과열투기 행위가 빈번히 일어나 주식시장을 교란시킴으로써 건전한 투자풍토조성에 저해된다는 저간의 우려가 매우 커왔으나 표본 기간동안에 대하여 실증분석을 한 결과 주식시장 전체적으로 볼 때 주가변동율(株價變動率), 특히 초과주가변동율(超過株價變動率)에 미치는 영향이 그다지 심각한 정도는 아니었으며 오히려 우리나라의 주식시장은 미국시장에 비해 주가가 비교적 안정적인 수준을 유지해 왔다고 볼 수 있다.36.4%)와 외식을 선호(29.1%)${\lrcorner}$ 하기 때문에 패스트푸드를 이용하게 된 것으로 응답 하였으며, 남 여 대학생간에는 유의한 차이(p<0.05)가 인정되었다. 응답자의 체형은 ${\ulco

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.471-498
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• 2009

The ability to judge a country's scientific standing is vital for the governments and businesses that must decide scientific priorities and funding. In this paper, we analyze the output and outcomes from research investment over the recent years, to measure the quality of scientific research on national scales and to set it in an international context. There are many ways to evaluate the quality of scientific research, but few have proved satisfactory. To measure the quantity and quality of science in different nations, we analyzed the numbers of published research papers and their citations. The number of citations per paper is a useful measure of the impact of a nation's research output. Essential at a were acquired from SCI database by Thomson Scientific, which indexes more than 8,000 journals, representing most significant materials in science and engineering. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and compare the output and outcomes among nations in a variety of viewpoints and criteria. One of the implications in response to the result of analysis is that sustainable economic development in highly competitive world markets requires a direct engagement in the generation of knowledge. Even modest improvement in healthcare, clean water, sanitation, food, and transport need capabilities in engineering, technology, and medicine beyond many countries' reach. Nations exporting natural resources such as gold and oil can import technology and expertise, but only until these resources are exhausted. For them, sustainability should imply investment in alternative agricultural and technological capabilities through improvements in their skills base. A strong science base does not necessarily leat to wealth generation. However, strength in science has additional benefits for individual nations, and for the world as a whole.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.7-15
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• 2003

China is expected to experience rapid increase in container traffic due to the joining to WTO and the fast economic growth. However, logistics-related infrastructure such as sea port is very poor and the capacity is lagging far behind the demand, resulting in transferring around 70% of import and export cargo volume at ports in adjoining countries such as Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan. Recently, China announced a huge project of developing an offshore port consisting of 52 berths, 30km away from Shanghai with a connecting bridge. As such plan seems to have a significant impact on the port of Pusan which tries to be a Hub port in Far East Asia, we need to scrutinize the plan. This paper, therefore, tries to examine Shanghai New Port Plan, to evaluate the feasibility and potential competitiveness, and to analyze the impact on Pusan port. For this, we review the situation of major container ports in China and the flow pattern of container traffic to and from Pusan port. We then examine the feasibility of the proposed offshore port with respect to demand and supply for container terminal, weather condition, hinterland connection and resource of investment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.31-40
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• 2009

Some road charges toll to finance the cost or to manage traffic congestion. With a growth of PPI projects, toll roads would be increase continuously. Tolls have a considerable influence on user's route choice, and sometimes can affect to the departure time and even to mode choice. For modelling toll roads, user's WTP or VOT has an important role and it is general that VOT is equivalent to the wages of workers. The current way of modelling technique yields various toll price elasticity from low to high. When there exist few alternative routes, unrealistic result that all traffic assigned to some shortest path may occur. The toll price elasticity can be influenced by alternative route and congestion level, but some result shows nearly unrealistic patterns. The model to forecast more realistic toll road demand is very essential for estimating toll revenue, choice of optimal toll level & collecting location and establishing toll charge strategy. This paper reviewed some literatures about toll road modelling and tested case study about the assignment technique with different VOT. The case study shows that using different VOT yields more realistic result than the use of single VOT.