• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.35-43
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• 1997

A study on the effect of the biodegradability of the composting bulking agent in the swine manurecomposting was carried out in a batch system. The purpose of this study is to prove the effect of the biodegradability of the composting-bulking agent on the efficiency of the composting. In this study, it is the lignins: Klason-Lignin in the volatile solid that the index of the biodegradability of the composting-material mixes which are pig manure-rice straw pig manure-sawdusts pig manuremixture of rice and ricestraw (2:1) pig manure-mixture of rice and sawdust (1:1). It was carried out in the same condition (moisture contents, air supply rate, C/N ratio, initial input weight, porosity-structure) except the biodegradability of the raw material mixes. One of the results from this study is that the biodegradability of the bulking agent in the sense of the VS lignin content is not an insignificant factor in composting reaction. The less contents of the lignin in VS, the more efficiencies of the cornposting reaction in use of these parameters for the degree of the reaction: temperature, the trends of the ash contents, the change pattern of the C/N ratio. Under some assumptions, it is able to induce rough model on the relation of the VS lignin contents with the efficiency of the degradability. In this model, the biodegradability of the bulking agent is not an insignificant factor however, it is flexible within some degrees of range.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.685-715
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• 2004

본 연구는 대규모 퇴비화 시설물이 특정 지역에 건립될 경우 지역주민들의 님비(NIMBY) 행태의 결정요인에 대해 2변수 선택 모형에 근거하여 경제적 분석을 한다. 실증분석을 위해 제주시 지역주민들을 대상으로 한 설문데이터를 이용 로짓추정을 한다. 실증분석 결과는 이론모형에서 유도된 실증모형이 예측하는 바와 일치됨을 보였다 즉, 부(負)의 근린특성변수(긍정적 부(富)의 속성변수)가 지역주민들의 님비 행태에 정(부)의 영향을 끼친다. 반면 본 연구에서 인구통계 요인은 유의하지 않았으며 이는 정책 입안자가 혐오시설 입지 선정시 타 지역에서 유의하게 밝혀진 인구 통계 요인을 다른 지역에 단순 외삽(外揷)할 경우 정책실효성에 문제가 있을 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1998

Cow feces excreted in cold season should be managed and composted properly, because the composted feces is distributed to pasture or cultivated land as a fertilizer in spring. Generally it is admitted that the effect of composting is suppressed by low temperature in cold season. In this study, composting piles were warmed by hot air until temperature of compost piles were reached at 35∼40$^{\circ}C$, to compare composting effect of experimental compost pile to control pile exposed in cold air. Some results obtained from the experiment during composting of cow feces mixed with bulking agent provide a possibility of active composting of organic matters in cold season. The biodegradation ratios of organic matter during composting in four types of composts were 10.2% for the rice straw, 7.7% for the rice hull, 6.4% for the sawdust and 4.3% for the control. The highest temperatures of compost piles during composting period were 76$^{\circ}C$ in sawdust, 80$^{\circ}C$ in rice hull, 68$^{\circ}C$ in rice straw, 45$^{\circ}C$ in control. Moisture content, pH, C/N, volume of compost were decreased during composting period, but EC value was increased with ionization of organic molecular by fermentation.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of temperature, moisture content, weight and chemical properties in swine manure during the maturing process and moisture content of swine manure. The manure production on the early time(1 days), middle(25 days: and late(50 days) were made by moisture 45%, 55%, 65%, 75% in swine manure, according to manure treatment of the early time, the highest temperature of swine manure treatment was 59$^{\circ}C$ as moisture 75% after mixed 24 hours, the lowest 45% in mixed 25 days(middle time), 32$^{\circ}C$ as moisture 45% in mixed 50 days(late time). 2. Weight change during maturing manure, the most treatment of weight decrease was 17.4% as moisture 45%, the least of those was 12.2% as moisture 75% during maturing process of swine manure. 3. Volume change during maturing manure, the most treatment of volume decrease was 37.1% as moisture 65%, the least of those was 32.1% as moisture 55% during maturing swine manure, but not big difference between treatment. 4. T-N, P2O5, K2O content of compost were increased during maturing process, On the contrary, T-C content and C/N ratio were reduced.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2003

This study was performed to compare the effects of rice straw and towage sludge cake as bulking materials on temperature, pH, weight and volume reduction, porosity, C/N ratio, salinity, and conductivity in aerobic composting of food wastes. Volume ratios of food wastes to rice straw in reactor control, RS-1, RS-2, RS-3 and RS-4 were 4:0, 4:1, 4:2, 4:3 and 4:4, respectively. Weight ratios of food wastes to sewage sludge rake in reactor control, SL-1, SL-2, SL-3 and SL-4 were 4:0, 4:1, 4:2, 4:3 and 4:4, respectively. Reactors were operated for 24 days with 1 hour stirring by 1 rpm and 2 hours aeration per day. The values of pH of food waters, rice straw and sewage sludge cake were 4.39, 7.40 and 5.79, respectively. The lowering of the volume ratio of food wastes to rice straw resulted in the high reaction temperature and the fast weight and volume reduction rates. The lowering of the weight ratio of food wastes to sewage sludge cake resulted in the slow weight and volume reduction rates. C/N ratio in control was larger than that in rice straw containing reactors, and that in rice straw containing reactors was larger than that in sewage sludge cake containing reactors. Salinity and conductivity in reactors were condensed and increased by reaction days.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical changes during the aerobic composting of swine manure mixed with bulking agent, sawdust(v/v, 1:1), in a full-scale composting plant using rectangular escalator-aginated bed composting system. Physical and chemical properties were analyzed on the samples which were collected at 5, 15, and 25 day of composting, curing and final step. The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1. Moisture and K2O content, and pH of final step were higher than those of 5th day of composting (p＜0.05). 2. Ammonium nitrogen, total organic corbon and organic matter content, and electrical conductivity(EC) were significantly decreased (p＜0.05) but nitrate nitrogen, ash and P2O5 content increased(p＜0.05) throughout the aerobic composting process. 3. Total organic carbon per total nitrogen(C/N) and total organic matter per total nitrogen(OM/N) ratio were significantly decreased throughout the aerobic composting process(p＜0.05). 4. Physical and chemical properties of swine manure were varied by aerobic fermentation using rectangular escalor-aginated bed composting system.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1997

This study was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of composting of swine manure with wood chips as a bulking agent. To evaluate the optimum blending ratio of wood chip to swine manure three levels of wood chip such as 100, 150, and 200% were blended on a volume basis with 100% of swine manure was used to determine the effect of wood chip compared with sawdust as a bulking agent on composting. The maximum temperature reached during composting was 70, 58, 48, 72$^{\circ}C$ at blending ratio of 100, 150, 200, and 50WC+50SD%, respectively. The bulk density of compost was increased extremely with increasing the blending level of wood chip. The C/N ratio of final compost ranged from 18.25 to 19.82 . Heavy metal contents in the final compost were in the range of 0.05∼0.16 mg/kg, 5,86∼10.95 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, and 295∼440 mg/kg for Cd, Hg, and Cu, respectively. It was concluded that the blending ratio of 200:100 of wood chip and manure by volume was satisfactory for swine manure composting.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2004

파쇄, 탈수된 음식물 쓰레기를 양계가 사료로 섭취하고 배설한 계분에 제지슬러지를 혼합하여 21일간 부숙시킨 먹이를 줄지렁이 유충에게 급이하면서 줄지렁이의 생체량, 사망률, 환대발현률, 난포 생산수 및 음식물류 폐기물, 계분, 계분과 제지슬러지 혼합시료의 이화학적 성상을 조사하였다. 먹이 급이 10주후의 줄지렁이 생체량이 초기 생체량에 비해 5.7% 감소하였으며, 환대발현률이 매우 저조하고 산란이 전혀 이루어지지 않아 계분내의 염분이 지렁이의 성적 성숙을 저해하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 계분이 줄지렁이의 사망률에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2007

제지슬러지를 먹이로 공급하여 줄지렁이를 사육하면서 지렁이 사육상 높이 및 사육상내 개체군 밀도가 높아짐에 따른 줄지렁이 개체군의 수직분포를 사육상 표층으로부터 5 cm 간격으로 조사하였다. 줄지렁이 유충, 성충, 개체군의 50% 이상이 표층으로부터 5 cm 이내에 서식하였으며, 줄지렁이 유충, 성충, 난포 개체군의 96% 이상이 표층으로부터 20 cm 이내에 서식하였다. 사육상의 높이가 50 cm로 높아질 때까지 사육상 높이나 지렁이 개체군 밀도 변화가 지렁이 개체군의 수직분포 비율에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.451-455
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• 2007

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of input ratios of bulking material in aerobic composting of food wastes on variation of colony forming units(CFU) of fungi. Wood chips were used as a bulking material. Volume ratios of food wastes to wood chips in reactor of Control, WC-1 and WC-2 were 10/0, 10/5 and 10/10, respectively. Reactors were operated for 24 days with I hour stirring by 1rpm and 2 hours of the forced aeration rate of $80L/min{\cdot}m^3$ per day. WC-2 reached high temperature range faster than WC-1, and the maximum temperature of WC-2 was higher than that of WC-1. WC-2 reached high pH range faster than WC-1. and the maximum pH of WC-2 was higher than that of WC-1. WC-2 reached high Log(CFU/gram) range faster than WC-I, and the maximum Log(CFU/gram) of WC-2 was higher than that of WC-1. These all mean that the reaction velocity of composting of WC-2 was faster than that of WC-1. The profile of fungi changes in Log(CFU/gram) was similar to that of temperature changes (r=0.8861) not pH changes (r=0.1631).