• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.51-54
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• 2008

Qualify of life is the main consideration in pain management and palliative care for patients with advanced cancer. Cancer pain is primarily relieved with pharmacological therapy including aretaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, adjuvant analgesics, and opioids. In addition to pharmacological therapy, the neurolytic celiac plexus block is claimed to be an effective approach in management of advanced pancreatic cancer pain. We report our patient who has been treated for advanced cancer pain with multiple neurolytic blocks. The clinical result suggests that combined neurolytic blocks improved the quality of life of patient who had advanced ranter pain by reducing both the intensity of pain and opioid consumption, without serious complications.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.968-975
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of preoperative pain control education on the pain control barrier, postoperative pain and pain control satisfaction in gynecological patients. Method: The study was a quasi-experimental research design. There were 58 subjects who were admitted for gynecological surgery to D University Hospital in B city. Pain control education was provided individually to the experimental group one day before their operation day for 20 minutes with the 'Pain Control Guide Book' in the patient's admission room. The education book was made by researchers based on pain management references and patient interviews. For assessing the pain control barrier, a simplified version of Barriers Questionnaire was used, postoperative pain was assessed on a numeric scale(0-10) and satisfaction of pain control was assessed by one question. Results: The pain control barrier(F=15.828, p<.001) and the post pain score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group. In addition, pain control satisfaction of the experimental group(t=3.612, p<.001) was higher than the control group's. Conclusion: With the above results, preoperative pain control education could be an effective nursing intervention for pain control of surgical patients.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2011

배경: 술 후 통증은 술 후 합병증의 발생가능성을 증가시키며 생체기능의 회복을 방해한다. 술 후 통증을 효과적으로 조절하기 위해선 통증의 정도를 객관적으로 평가하는 것이 필요하다. 술 후 통증은 수술의 침습도와 관련이 높을 가능성이 많다. 본 연구에서는 수술 침습도의 정도와 술 후 통증의 정도 사이의 상관관계를 확인하고자 한다. 방법: 총 153명의 환자를 수술의 침습도에 따라 4개의 그룹으로 나누었다(그룹 1: 악성종양 수술 (malignancy surgery), 그룹 2: 양악수술(bimaxillary surgery), 그룹 3: 양성 종양수술(benign cancer surgery) 그룹 4: 임플란트 & 골절 수술(implant & frature)) 수술이 끝나갈 무렵 fentanyl 700 ${\mu}g$, ketorolac 1,500 mg (총 용적 120 ml)가 포함된 자가통증조절장치를 정맥로에 연결하였다. 술 후 통증의 정도는 시각통증등급(visual analogue scale)을 이용하여 측정하였고 자가통증조절장치의 총 사용시간, 투여된 진통제의 양, bolus 투여 총 횟수를 측정하였다. 결과: 술 후 시각통증등급은 술 후 1일부터 3일까지 그룹 1, 2 군에서 유의하게 높았다. 또한 시각통증등급 3점 이상의 통증을 호소하는 환자의 비율 역시 그룹 1, 2 군에서 유의하게 높았다. 진통제 총 투여용량 및 자가로 주입한 진통제의 양 역시 그룹 1, 2군에서 3, 4 군에 비해 유의하게 높은 것을 확인하였다. 결론: 본 연구결과 외과적 수술의 침습도가 술 후 통증의 정도를 결정하는데 있어 중요한 요소임 을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.11b
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• pp.1041-1043
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• 2010

만성 통증 환자의 우울증 및 삶의 질 저하에 대한 많은 보고가 있으며, 통증 조절을 위해 심리적 측면도 중요한 요소로 포함된다. 온열 수치료는 통증 조절을 위하여 가장 많이 시행되는 치료법 중의 하나이며 다양한 방법으로 임상에서 적용될 수 있다. 현재까지 전신 온열 수치료가 통증, 심리, 주관적인 삶의 질에 미치는 영향에 대하여 포괄적인 연구가 시행된 사례가 없으므로, 본 연구에서는 만성 통증 환자에게 제주도내 상수원을 이용한 온습포치료, 즉 통증 부위의 부분치료 또는 전신 온열 수치료를 시행한 후 통증의 정도, 정서, 주관적 삶의 질 평가 결과에 변화가 있는지 알아보기로 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

The progression of aging and the increase in musculoskeletal diseases have led to an increase in invasive treatment methods, including various surgical methods, but conservative treatment should be attempted before surgical treatment in musculoskeletal diseases. Medication for pain control, such as acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroid, opioids, antidepressants, etc., is one of the most popular methods for pain control. If the pain receptors on peripheral organ are stimulated, pain is transmitted to the brain by the ascending pathway, and the brain then secretes endogenous opioids, such as endorphin, by the descending pathway for pain control. Opioids are substances that act on the opioid receptors, and there are three receptors for opioids. The affinity for each receptor varies according to the tissue and the patient's systemic status. Antidepressants work on the synapses in the central nervous system and its main mechanism is regulation of the ascending pathway. This is mainly effective in chronic pain and neuropathic pain, which is similar in effectiveness to opioids. This review focuses on the effectiveness, method of use, and side effects of opioids and antidepressants.

• Hospice
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• s.39
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• pp.2-6
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• 2007

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.50-59
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• 2012

In the domain of orthopaedic surgery, application of regional nerve block for surgery or pain control in upper and lower extremities has been increased. By performing regional block of popliteal (sciatic), femoral, proximal saphenous nerve and ankle block under guidance of ultrasound, not only the safety, but also success rate of the procedure has increased, and amount of local anesthetics could be used less, too. Since the perineural single injection or continuous catheterization of diluted local anesthetics was performed more precisely and easily by the guidance of ultrasound, postoperative pain could be controlled without complications of PCA such as nausea, vomiting, etc. We will discuss about this ultrasound guided regional nerve block.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 1999

Neuropathy is a common and often debilitating complication of diabetes, Diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DN) includes a variety of different disorders that affect the peripheral nervous system. The most common type of DN is the predominantly sensory distal polyneuropathy. Typically, symptoms begin in the foot and proximally during the course of the discease, reflecting the fact that longer fibres are involved earlier that shorter ones. Reviewed the pathogenesis, the diagnosis of DN, the gait pattern and the excercise, the treatment of pain in DN patient.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2001

연구배경: 일반적으로 자가통증조절기가 자가진정조절을 위해 적합한 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 이 장치들은 몇몇 진정제 투여 시 너무 긴 최소 폐쇄간격을 가지고 있다 WalkMed사(Medex inc, USA)의 자가통증조절기는 폐쇄간격을 0으로 설정할 수 있으며 30 ml/h로 추가용량을 투여할 수 있다. 이번 연구에서는 환자 개개인의 요구에 맞추어 환자의 진정을 조절하기 위하여 위장치를 이용한 propofol 자가진정조절기의 가능성를 조사하였다. 방법: Propofol과 전산 프로그램된 WalkMed 주입장치를 이용한 자가진정조절법이 치과치료를 받는 24명의 건강한 환자에게 시행되었다. Propofol 지속 주입량은 2 mg/kg/h로, 추가용량은 5 mg으로 조절되었으며 치소 폐쇄간격은 0으로 설정하였다. Ketoloac 30 mg이 통증 조절을 위하여 진정법 시행 전에 근주되었다. 결과: 진정법 시행 동안 주입된 propofol의 평균량은 3.4 mg/kg/h이었으며 평균 추가용량은 1.6 mg/kg/h이었다. 시간 당 추가용량에는 많은 변이가 있었다(0-32). 모든 환자는 진정법 시행 동안 완전한 각성상태였으며 이러한 진정 법에 만족하였다. 진정 법과 관련된 주요한 합병증은 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: WalkMed사의 자가통증조절기를 이용한 propofol 자가진정조절법이 치과 치료를 받는 환자들에게 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.144-151
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify the current status of symptom and pain control in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Methods : The study population consisted of 66 cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and the data was collected by chart audit and using questionnaire from 19 clinicians in an university hospital during the period of August 7 to 24, 2001. The degree of symptom, analgesics type, dose, administration route, and pain control method of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy was investigated. The collected data were analyzed by frequency, percent, mean, and SD using SPSS $PC^+$ program. Results : The number of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy was 66, male 35 (53.0%), female was 31 (47.0%). The largest of age group was $61{\sim}69$(34.8%) years old. Most frequent cancer site was stomach 19 case (28.8%), cole-rectal 17 case (25.8%), urinary 11 case (16.7%) in the respective order. The most common stage of cancer was stage 3, 14 case (29.2%). The most frequent duration of diagnosis was under 3 month, 25 (37.9%). The frequent symptom of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy was marasmus ($2.4193{\pm}1.2220$), pain ($1.9333{\pm}1.2194$), sleep disorders ($1.7142{\pm}1.0384$), personality change ($1.5806{\pm}0.8971$) in the respective order. 3) The analgesics used for pai control were narcotic analgesics 66.2% and nonnarcotic analgesics 33.8%. Pain control method were regular basis+as needed 47.4%, as needed 31.6%, regular basis 21.0% in order. Administration route were oral 50.7%, injection 41.8%, patch 7.5% in order. Conclusion : The most frequent symptom of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy were marasmus and pain. The frequent analgesics was narcotic analgesics but 21% of the clinician regularly prescribed analgesics for pain control. Thus this prescription was insufficient for pain control. Administration route that were used more oral or injection than patch. Based on this evidence, it seemed that more active practice and education about evaluation and pain control of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy are needed.