• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.534-538
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• 1999

For the optimization of operating conditions for plant cell suspension culture in bioreactors, effects of bioreactor types, various kinds of impellers, and aeration rates were examined using Nicotiana tabacum cells as a model system. Stirred tank bioreactor and airlift bioreactor were used for the comparison of bioreactor type. Growth rates in both bioreactors were lower than in shake flasks. In terms of final cell concentration, stirred tank bioreactor supported a little bit better growth compared to airlift bioreactor. Impeller type did not affect cell growth significantly, but it was apparent that cell size index decreased in the case of using hollowed paddle impeller. When the aeration rate was maintained at 0.3 vvm, cell growth was the best. At above 1.0 vvm, growth inhibition as well a browning was noticed. In addition, it was found that cell size index reduced proportionally to the increased of aeration rate.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.372-386
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• 2018

The air quality near the backfilled site area is significantly deteriorated during and even after the curing period of the backfill materials. Hazardous gases such as NH3 and CO2 may leak out prolongedly from the mined-out sites backfilled with the composite carbonate-based material; leakage can be observed at the underground working sites as well as on the surface. At operating mines, underground gas leakage will severely aggravate the workplace environment. The ventilation schemes should supply sufficient air to dilute the contaminated air, and control the toxic gas leakage and dispersion. This study shows the applicability of pressurization ventilation system to control gas leakage and dispersion at the backfilled underground mine site.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.146-150
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• 1998

초장과 엽수에 있어서는 별도의 배수판을 설치한 Bio-2처리구에서 높게 나타났고 fan을 이용한 강제환기를 시킨 Fan처리구에서는 낮게 나타났다. 경경과 엽면적에 있어서는 무통기처리구인 대조구에서 높게 나타난 반면 경경에 있어서는 Fan처리구와 배수구 통기구인 Bio-1처리구는 생육후기에 있어서 크게 차이가 나지는 않았으나 본 실험에서는 낮게 나타났다. 엽면적은 Fan처리구가 가장 낮게 나타났다. fan을 설치하여 강제환기를 시킨 Fan처리구가 과실수량과 과중, 과장에 있어서는 다른 처리구에 비해 높게 나타났고 무통기구인 대조구가 가장 낮았다. 전반적인 생육이나 과실수량 및 과실품질에 있어서는 근권의 수분함량비율이 비교적 안정적인 Bio-2처리구가 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.223-226
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• 1982

The aim of the present study was to assess the oxygen transfer rate and oxygen uptake rate in antibiotic fermentation. As a model study, cultures of Streptomyces kanamyceticus in a complex medium were analyzed to evaluate the oxygen transfer and uptake rates using oxygen balance technique. Quantitative evidence for the effect of oxygen transfer rate on the volumetric antibiotic production was clearly demonstrated. The oxygen uptake rates and the specific oxygen requirements were significantly changed with culture time. Those phenomena were indicative of biological turnover in the antibiotic fermentation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.447-448
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• 2016

데이터들의 가치가 높아지고 대용량 데이터를 저장하기 위한 데이터베이스의 필요로 인해, 서로 다른 특징들을 가지는 다양한 유형의 대용량 데이터베이스가 많은 응용 분야에 적용되어 왔다. 그로 인해 다양한 종류의 데이터베이스에 대한 접근이 보다 쉬워짐으로 인해 이기종 데이터베이스간의 데이터 통기화가 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 이기종 데이터베이스간의 데이터 통기화의 성능 향상을 위한 기법을 제안하였고 데이터 통기화 속도, 다중처리, 그리고 정합성에서 기존의 기법보다 개선되었음을 보여 준다.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.407-410
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• 2002

본 논문은 스피커의 후면 방사음을 이용하여 저주파수의 음을 재생하기 위한 인클로져(enclosure) 방식 중 통기구(Vent)를 이용한 위상반전(Bass Reflex) 방식의 스피커 시스템에 관한 것이다. 일반적으로 위상반전형 스피커 시스템의 임피던스 곡선의 특성은 저주파수 대역에서 통기구의 공명에 대한 것과 구동스피커의 공명에 대한 임피던스 봉(mound)이 나타난다. 기존의 연구 결과들은 통기구와 인플로져의 용적에 관련된 최저 주파수에서의 공명에 대한 것만을 대상으로 하였다. 즉, 최저 주파수에서의 공명특성이 상대적으로 높은 주파수에서 나타나는 스피커의 공명특성에 미치는 영향과 이로 인한 스피커의 음파발생 특성에 관하여 구체적인 논의가 되지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 위상반전형 스피커 시스템에서의 두 임피던스 봉오리 사이의 관계를 정리하고, 상대적으로 높은 주파수에서 발생되는 임피던스의 공명 특성에 따른 스피커의 음파발생 특성에 관해 연구하였다.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.191-199
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• 2000

This study was initiated to investigate the influence of biophysical condition on the composting characteristics, and conducted to develop technology for using recycled compost as a bulking agent cost to reduce operating cost. To methods of aeration, continuous aeration (CA: run No. I) and intermittent aeration (IA: run No. 2) were performed with three 12.3 liter laboratory scale vessels for ten days. Manure and rice hulls were mixed for thirst trial (I), rice hulls and recycled compost after first trial were mixed for second trial (II), dairy manure and only recycled compost after second trial were mixed for third trial (III). During the composting process, temperatures of the compost mass and ammonia emissions were measured. The quality and maturity of compost were ascertained by examining the characteristics and composition of the compost. Also, loss of mass was determined by measuring the mass of materials in the vessels before and after composting. The results in this study are as follows: 1. The periods of optimum temperature ($>55^{\circ}C$) to kill pathogens were maintained from 38 to 78 hours for CA and from 60 to 98 hours for IA. 2. The more recycled compost mixed, the more ammonia emitted. The maximum ammonia emissions were 287 ppm at CA and 420 ppm at IA. 3. Biofiltration system was required for the compo sting system using only recycled compost as an amendment, because the ammonia emissions was produced above 100 ppm at the end of composting process. 4. The quality and maturity of compost: - Fresh compost, were required drying, because moisture contents of the compost were approximately 70% in all tests. - The pH values were observed to rise smoothly, from 7.9 to 8.3 at CA and from 8.4 to 8.6 at IA. The CfN ratios of the fresh compost were ranged form 21.05 to 16.42 for CA and from 22.81 to 14.75 for IA. The final C/N ratios for test II and III were below 20.were below 20.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2012

Ventilation effects of bottles($1,100m{\ell}$) for culturing Flammulina velutipes on its mycelial growth and mushroom production were investigated. The degree of ventilation were controlled with hole positions, upper and under, and hole sizes in the bottle lids. The ventilation effects were measured with the contents of carbon dioxide, free sugars, chitin, moisture in the bottles and with the amount of produced mushrooms from the bottles. Carbon dioxide concentrations within the culturing bottles at exponential mycelial growth period vertex were relatively high in the bottles with lids without both a sponge and an aeration hole, and in those with a smaller hole. Free sugar contents in the mycelia were the highest in those with a 47mm hole on both sides, and in those with 26~33mm holes only underside. Chitin content was the highest in those with a 26mm hole only underside. On the other hand, the lids with 42mm~47mm holes on the both sides greatly lost water and decreased the mushroom production. In conclusion, the most efficient ventilation hole sizes on the lids for bottle($1,100m{\ell}$) cultivation of Flammulina velutipes using $1,100m{\ell}$ polypropylene bottle were 19mm on both sides of the lid and 26mm on only underside. They produced more mushrooms than the control by 6~9 %.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2003

In order to select suitable bioreactor type inhibiting cell stress during submerged culture of Tricholoma matsutake mycelium, the growth characteristics and ergosterol contents were investigated using the external-loop type of air-lift bioreactor (ETAB), balloon type of air bubble bioreactor (BTBB) and column type of air bubble bioreactor (CTBB). Dry weights of the T. matsutake in the BTBB, ETAB and CTBB were 12 g, 11.4 g, and 9.5 g per 1 litter, respectively. BTBB, ETAB and CTBB reached stagnant phases 16, 20, and 24 days after cultivation, respectively, The BTBB was more suitable for liquid culture of T. matsutake mycelium compared to other bioreactors owing to much mycelia product and short culture period. The ergosterol contents produced by the mycelium in the bioreactors were in sequence of BTBB, CTBB, and ETAB at every growth phase. BTBB might affect the mycelium on producing the smallest size of pellets. BTBB and CTBB got the mycelium precipitated and coagulated under operation of bioreactor sparser, whereas ETAB shown no effect of above phenomenon. A renovated bioreactor combined between a balloon shape of BTBB and an external-loop of ETAB was developed to enhance the efficiency of culture technique.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.96-101
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• 2001

동계의 노지 및 무가온 시설재배시에 상추와 시금치 등의 엽채류 재배는 생육이 거의 정지되는 온도에서 재배되고 있다. 이와 같은 저온기의 불량환경조건을 개선하기 위하어 저온성 엽채류에 직접 피복할 수 있는 통기성 피복자재가 개발되어 생육촉진이나 품질향상을 위한 연구가 지속되어 왔으나 피복방법의 개선에 관한 연구는 아직도 미흡한 실정이다. (중략)