• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.721-740
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• 2019

Noise reduction is an important field in image processing and requires a statistical approach. However, it is difficult to assume a specific distribution of noise, and a spatial filter that reflects regional characteristics is a small sample and cannot be accessed in a parametric manner. The first order image differential and the second order image differential show a clear difference according to the noise level included in the image and can be more clearly understood using the canyon edge detector. The Fligner-Killeen test was performed and the bootstrap method was used to statistically check the noise level. The estimated noise level was set between 0 and 1 using the cumulative distribution function of the beta distribution. In this paper, we propose a nonparametric noise reduction algorithm that accounts for the noise level included in the image.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.51-56
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• 2017

In this paper, we define "presence" as a physiological and emotional feeling which feels that he or she is immerged in a specific artworks when he/she is very interested in the artwork. To measure the presence, we use a combined approach of subjective survey and brain signals (EEG). Subjective survey includes PQS (presence questionnaire survey) and IDQS (individual differences questionnaire survey). We experimented with 30 random populations, and we performed Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ test to verify the validity of the survey results. We also cross-checked the survey with EEG test for the populations. From our experimentation, we conclude that opponent color (e.g. yellow and blue) makes strong excitation on presence. In this paper, we believe that there are strong presence even in the abstract images, and it can be stronger than photo-realistic images if we well-design color, forms on the artwork.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1027-1036
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• 2017

Multiple comparisons are required to confirm whether or not something is significant if the null hypothesis to test whether the difference between more than three treatments is rejected in a one-way layout. There are both parametric multiple comparison method Tukey (1953) and Nonparametric multiple comparison method based on Kruskal-Wallis (1952).This procedure is applied to a mixed sample of all data and then an average ranking is used for each of three or more treatments. In this paper, a new nonparametric multiple comparison procedure based on joint placements for a one-way layout as extension of the joint placements described in Chung and Kim (2007) was proposed. Monte Carlo simulation is also adapted to compare the family wise error rate (FWE) and the power of the proposed method with previous methods.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.681-687
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• 1998

The paper presents a hybrid mcthod for disambiguation of the verb meaning in the machine translation. The presented verb translation algorithm is to perform the concept-based method and the statistics-based method simultaneously. It uses a collocation dictionary, WordNct and the statistical information extracted from corpus. In the transfer phase of the machine translation, it tries to find the target word of the source verb. If it fails, it refers to Word Net to try to find it by calculating word similarities between the logical constraints of the source sentence and those in the collocation dictionary. At the same time, it refers to the statistical information extracted from corpus to try to find it by calculating co-occurrence similarity knowledge. The experimental result shows that the algorithm performs more accurate verb translation than the other algorithms and improves accuracy of the verb translation by 24.8% compared to the collocation-based method.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.991-1001
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• 2015

Digital images acquired by digital devices are used in many fields. Applying statistical methods to the processing of images will increase speed and efficiency. Methods to remove noise and image quality have been researched as a basic operation of image processing. This paper proposes a novel reduction method that considers the direction and magnitude of the edge to remove image noise effectively using statistical methods. The proposed method estimates the brightness of pixels relative to pixels in the same direction based on a robust regression model. An estimate of pixel brightness is obtained by weighting the magnitude of the edge that improves the performance of the average filter. As a result of the simulation study, the proposed method retains pixels that are well-characterized and confirms that noise reduction performance is improved over conventional methods.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.18C no.4
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• pp.243-250
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• 2011

Nowadays, the traffic type and behavior are extremely diverse due to the appearance of various services on Internet, which makes the need of traffic identification important for efficient operation and management of network. In recent years traffic identification methodology using statistical features of flow has been broadly studied. We also proposed a traffic identification methodology using payload size distribution in our previous work, which has a problem of low completeness. In this paper, we improved the completeness by solving the PSD conflict using IP and port. And we improved the accuracy by changing the distance measurement between flow and statistic signature from vector distance to per-packet distance. The feasibility of our methodology was proved via experimental evaluation on our campus network.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.2D
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• pp.319-327
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• 2009

In order to estimate accurate position by GPS observations, it is prerequisite to define both of the correct function model and the realistic stochastic model. In the case that un-modeled outliers exist in observations, estimates become biased, and their standard deviations are unable to be used as a measure which represents their accuracy. Hence, such outliers should be appropriately removed from the observations before estimating final solutions, so that the accuracy can be maximized with the improvement of the reliability. For this purpose, this research deals with quality control and quality measure computation algorithms for GPS stand-alone positioning. After theoretical studies, all the algorithms have been implemented and tested with real observations. Results of the tests indicate that the reliability of the estimated position is improved by increasing redundancy as well as using good satellite geometry and more realistic stochastic model. Moreover, the adaptation of the quality control procedure enable to improve positioning reliability and accuracy by appropriately excluding outlier in observations.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.18C no.4
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• pp.265-278
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• 2011

The objective of this paper is to analyze and characterize end-to-end packet statistics after modeling and simulation of WiFi (IEEE 802.11g) and WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e) of a virtual wireless network using OPNET Modeler Wireless Suite. Wireless internal and external network simulators such as Remcom's Wireless InSite Real Time (RT) module, WinProp: W-LAN/Fixed WiMAX/Mobile WiMAX, and SMI system, are designed to consider data transfer rate based on wireless propagation signal strength. However, we approached our research in a different perspective without support for characteristic of these wireless network simulators. That is, we will discuss the purpose of a visual analysis for these packets, how to receive each point packets (e.g., wireless user, base station or access point, and http server) through end-to-end virtual network modeling based on integrated wired and wireless network without wireless propagation signal strength. Measuring packet statistics is important in QoS metric analysis among wireless network performance metrics. Clear packet statistics is an especially essential metric in guaranteeing QoS for WiMAX users. We have found some interesting results through modeling and simulation for virtual wireless network using OPNET Modeler Wireless Suite. We are also able to analyze multi-view efficiency through experiment/observation result.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.939-944
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• 2002

We have screened the microorganisms from pigs feces for the development of probiotics which have acid-and bile-tolerance. Among them, a strain which was identified as Enterococcu durans LP44 was selected. Sixty Duroc$\times$Yorkshire$\times$Landrace pigs (6.30$\pm$0.04 kg average initial body weight) were used in a 14 days growth assay to determine the effects of Enterococco duran Lf44 culture on growth performance of weaned pigs. Dietary treatments included 1) DF (dry feeding),2) W (wet feeding),3) WF+5ED (wet feeding+5% Enterocucu duran LP44 culture),4) WF+ 10ED (wet feeding +10% Enterococcus durans LP44 culture). For overall periods, average daily gain in pigs fed % diet tended to increase compared to pigs fed DF diet without significant difference. Also, there was no significant difference in gain/feed. At 5 days after the onset of the experiment, pigs fed WF+5ED and WF+10ED diets were significantly increased in dry matter and nitrogen digestibilities compared to pigs fed DF and W diets (p<0.05). At 14 days after the onset of the experiment, pigs fed WF+ 10ED diet were significantly increased in dry matter digestibility compared to pigs fed DF diet (p<0.05). Also, pigs fed WF + 10ED diet were significantly increased in nitrogen digestibility compared to other treatments (p<0.05). In conclusion, supplemental Enterococcus durans LP44 was an effective means of improving ADG and nutrient digestibility.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5111-5120
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• 2015

In this paper, learn how to establish a proper lifestyle and health management through professional and systematic health education for children and young people, and laid the foundations for lifelong health, and to present the saeroeun paradigm complements the problems of school health education This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the human body exploration camp program on elementary students in health promotion aspect. Survey was done pre-, post- and followup- tests for 61 participants in the camp. The evaluation consisted of 53 questionnaires multiple-choice written test on the changes of knowledge and attitude. Factor analysis and reliability analysis were used to SPSS WIN18.0 verify questionnaire's reliability and validity, and paired t-test were carried out in order to analyze knowledge and shift in attitude. In addition, regression analysis was carried out in order to the relation between the satisfaction, knowledge and attitude. By this study, we showed as follows. First, knowledge were increased post- than pre-test, follow up- than pre-test(p<0.01). Second, shift in attitude changed positively post- than pre-test(p<0.01), follow up- than pre-test(p<0.05). Third, satisfaction was closely related to shift in attitude(p<0.01). Therefore, it suggested that the implement of human body exploration camp for elementary students could be an alternative strategy in health education.