• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.721-730
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• 2006

The effects of compost amendment on the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons and the activities of microorganisms in soil ecosystem have been studied in bioremediation of diesel contaminated soil. The relation between biological activities and removal of petroleun hydrocarbon was determined by ATP(Adenisine Triphosphate), n-alkanes and TPH concentration analysis. After 80 days of bioremediation, the removal of TPH in soil amended with compost increased more than 10% compared with control soil which was tilled in the same condition without compost addition. The biodegradations of n-alkanes having 12 to 20 moles of carbon were distinctive. As the soil was contaminated with more diesel, the ATP has decreased rapidly. When the TPH amounted to 80,000 mg diesel/kg, the ATP decreased to 4 ng/g from initial concentration of 65 ng/g. While the ATP in the compost amended soil increased to 112 ng/g after tilling for 6 days, the ATP in the control increased to merely 36 ng/g after tilling for 14 days. Also while the control soil showed a lag time in ATP increase, the compost amended soil did not show that but showed a rapid ATP increase within a short time. The patterns of changes in ATP concentration were similar to those in daily removals of TPH with time difference of about 7 days.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.506-513
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• 2010

Plant growth promoting ability of Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 was evaluated under different levels of organic fertilizer application on red pepper plants in a pot experiment. Oil cake as an organic N fertilizer was applied at the rates of 70, 85, 100 and 120% of the conventional recommended level. Each treatment was further treated with or without M. oryzae CBMB20 inoculation. The recommended amount of compost for red pepper was added in all the treatments. Results revealed that plant height, dry biomass and fruit yield were enhanced in increasing order as the rate of fertilization increased. Overall plant growth was improved due to the inoculation of M. oryzae CBMB20 and red pepper fruit yield was also increased by 10-35% in the plants inoculated with M. oryzae CBMB20 at different rates of organic fert1izer application. Total methylotrophic bacterial population in rhizosphere soil measured at the time of harvest was significantly higher in M. oryzae CBMB20 inoculated treatments. The growth promoting effect of M. oryzae CBMB20 found in red pepper could be due to the effective colonization of the bacteria in the rhizosphere and its ability of enhancing nutrient availability and producing plant growth hormones. With the plant growth promoting effect of M. oryzae CBMB20, the rate of organic fertilizer application can be reduced without any significant decreases in biomass production and yield of red pepper.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.295-301
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• 2020

This research analyzed the relationship between environmental factors and the density of Sycios angulatus in the Miho Stream, Geum River water system in order to secure basic data for the control of the ecosystem-distrubing plant Sycios angulatus. As a result of the soil particle size analysis of Sycios angulatus habitat, it was found that the density of Sycios angulatus decreased as the silty and clay contents increased. Most of the Sycios angulatus habitats had high sandy and silt content, and low clay content of less than 2%. The increased flow rate reduced the density of Sicyos angulatus. This is because when the flow rate is increased, the Sicyos angulatus cannot grow due to the change in soil characteristics. Water quality plays a role in supplying nutrients when Sicyos angulatus are submerged. However, due to the change in soil characteristics during flooding, the density of Sicyos angulatus tended to decrease due to impaired growth. The Sicyos angulatus can be managed through artificial and natural techniques. The appropriate natural control technique is the creation of a natural waterway in the habitats to change the water contents.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.279-284
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate effect of different soil managements on physical properties and microbial activities in volcanic ash citrus orchard soil. Experiment plots had managed to control weeds on soil for 4 years with clean cultivation (CCM) used with herbicide, natural sod cultivation (NSCM), kentucky blue grass sod cultivation (KBG). Soil samples were taken on October, in both 1998 and 2000 from 3 experimental plots. In NSCM, Soil hardness was lower at 11.8 mm than in CCM. And water stable Aggregation coefficient(>0.5 mm) was high at 26.7% compared with CCM. Soil bulk density and porosity showed no significant among the treatments. Soil acid phosphatase was high in sod cultivation plots and the amount of microbial biomass C was about twice higher at $525.4mg\;kg^{-1}$ in KBG than in CCM. Conclusionally, Sod cultivation improved soil physical properties such as aggregation, hardness and increased microbial activities compared with clean cultivation in citrus orchard soil. Soil total PLFA, acid phosphatase, and microbial biomass C contents were investigated on May in nonvolcanic ash citrus soil. Soil samples were collected at 5 sites each; convention cultivation grown with herbicide, natural sod cultivation grown with 1/2 chemicals, organic cultivation. That sites have been managed for 5 years over. PLFA contents were two times higher at $112.2n\;mol\;g^{-1}$ in organic cultivation than in convention cultivation. According to the PLFA indicator, Gram negative bacteria and actinomycetes in organic cultivation were high compared with convention cultivation, which were at 15.1%, 6.6%, respectively. Soil microbial biomass C contents was about twice higher in organic cultivation than in convention cultivation. Soil acid phosphatase was high at 17.6% in organic cultivation compared with convention cultivation.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2016

Environmental impact assessment has been implemented for more than 30 years in Korea. During that period, various amendments were carried out about target plan and assessment factors. However, in current environmental impact assessment act, only a few factors has been considered for soil environment assessment. This study analyzes the national and foreign environmental impact assessment guidelines on soil related factors and figures out the problems and implications of Korean environmental impact assessment. In Korea, water quality, topography and geology, hydraulics and hydrology, and soil contamination were analyzed as a soil related factors. The main assessment targets were pollution related factors such as soil pollution levels, amount of rainfall runoff, and non-point sources. However, in the case of foreign guidelines, soil compaction, soil sealing, and soil salinization is being analyzed for evaluating function and quality of soil environment. The revision of soil-related factors are needed for sustainable development of Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.15-33
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• 1996

우리나라의 토양은 지형적인 요인과 토양모재 및 기후적인 조건에 의해 토양에 유입되는 유해물질에 대한 보유력이 낮은 특성으로 인해 외부에서 유입되는 유해 중금속에 대하여 취약한 특성을 가지고 있다. 우리나라 토양의 중금속 자연 함유량은 논토양의 경우 Cd 0.13, Cu 4.15, Pb 4.17, Zn 3.95 mg/kg의 수준이며 밭토양은 Cd 함량이 논토양보다 높은 수치를 보인다. 과수토양은 과거에 중금속이 함유된 영농자재가 투입된 결과로 자연함량을 결정하기 힘드며 매우 높은 중금속 농도를 보인다. 그리고 현재 토양환경보전법이 시행되어 중금속류 및 유해유기물에 대한 오염기준을 제시하고 있다. 토양의 중금속 오염현황은 환경부의 토양오염 측정망에서 금속광산, 제련소, 매립지 부근에서 높은 농도를 나타내고 있으며, 산업폐수 및 생활하수가 관개수로 유입되는 논토양에서 중금속 오염이 우려되고 있다. 제련소 및 금속광산 부근의 토양은 거리에 따라 중금속 농도가 감소하는 경향을 보이고 있으나 인접지역에서는 규제농도에 육박하거나 초과하고 있다. 또한 폐광산 부근에서 생산된 현미 역시 전반적으로 작물재배제한 기준를 초과하지는 않으나 상당 지역이 이 기준을 초과하고 있으며 0.1 M HCl로 침출가능한 Cd 함량과 상관관계를 보인다. 이 상관관계에 의하면 0.1 M HCl로 침출가능한 토양 중 Cd의 양이 5 mg/kg 이면 생산된 현미의 Cd 함량이 1 mg/kg을 초과할 확률은 40%인 반면, 일본 식량청 수거대상인 0.4 mg/kg을 초과할 가능성은 100%로 파악된다. 광명시 가학광산 인근 지역을 대상으로 한 중금속 오염에 대한 대책연구에서는 현미 중 Cd 함량이 0.4 mg/kg을 초과할 가능성이 높은 지역(토양 농도 5 mg/kg)은 최소 20 cm 이상 두께로 객토를 하고, 현미 중 Cd 함량이 0.4 mg/kg 을 초과할 가능성이 낮은 지역은 석회, 규산질 비료, 용성인비, 등을 사용하여 중금속의 용해도를 낮추어 작물이행을 경시키는 것이 바람직한 것으로 판단되었다. 그리고 광미사를 현위치에서 처리하는 방안이 제시되었다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.254-261
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate effects of silicate fertilizer application on red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) productivity with improving soil chemistry under plastic film house in paddy field. METHODS AND RESULTS: The silicate fertilizer was applied as 0, 100, 200, and 300 kg/10a as basal dressing before transplanting pepper plant seedlings. Cultivar of the pepper plant was Cheon-Ha-Dae-Se. Amounts of inorganic fertilizer applied as $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$=19.0-6.4-10.1kg/10a was estimated depending on soil test values. After applying 50% of nitrogen, 100% of phosphorus, and 60% of potassium fertilizers as basal dressing, the seedlings of pepper plant were transplanted. The rests of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were applied as side-dressing after the first, second, and fourth harvests of red pepper. When comparing selected chemical properties of soils between before transplanting and after final(the fifth) harvest, soil pH, available $P_2O_5$, and exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$ increased with increasing the applications of silicate fertilizer, whereas electrical conductivity(EC) decreased. However, exchangeable $K^+$ was higher with the treatments of 100 and 200 kg/10a, and exchangeable $Mg^{2+}$ was higher with 300 kg/10a application. In addition, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of red pepper collected from the first harvesting stage decreased with increasing the applications of silicate fertilizer, but potassium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations in red pepper were highest with 300 kg/10a application. Yield of red pepper increased between 9.0 and 11.8% with the applications of silicate fertilizer. Marketable fruit rate of res pepper was highest(97.3%) with 200 kg/10a application. CONCLUSION: The application of silicate fertilizer as basal dressing in paddy-converted fields improved soil chemistry and increased red pepper productivity.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.247-257
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• 2018

This study was conducted to find out the optimum silicate fertilization for improving the quality and density of zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), the growth of zoysiagrass and changes in chemical properties of soil in field experiments treated with different levels of silicate fertilizer during 3 years from 2012 to 2014. An increase in the silicate fertilizer from 100, 200, to $400kg\;10a^{-1}$ led to a significant increase in the fresh and dry weight of shoots and stolons, the number of shoots and length of stolon, but were not significantly different between 200 and $400kg\;10a^{-1}$. Moreover, soil pH, EC and the contents of available $SiO_2$ were increased as the rate of silicate fertilizer application increased. Thus, these results demonstrated that the silicate fertilizer rate for maximum growth of zoysiagrass was $200kg\;10a^{-1}$ in consideration of improving growth of zoysiagrass and the chemical property of the soil.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 1996

This study was conducted to observe the heavy matal contents of paddy soil and brown rice under long term fertilization with different soil amelioration materials. The contents of 0.1N HCl extractable Cu and Zn of surface soil increased in the plots of long term application with urea, ammonium sulfate, compost, lime and silicate fertilizers. The Cu and Zn contents of brown rice showed decreasing trends in same treatments of fertilizers and soil amelioration materials. But the contents of Cd and Pb in soil and brown rice were not affected in long term fertilization with soil amelioration materials.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2010

The periodic application effects of two different herbicides on soil physical properties were observed in a slightly hilly orchard of pear tree located on the southestern flank of the Palbong Mountain in Gongju Chungnam : (1) bare surface vegetation; (2) glyphosate-treated plot; (3) paraquat-treated plot. The slope of experimental plots ranged from 5.5%to 10.2%at an altitude of 125 mand 896 $m^2$ ($28m{\times}32m$) in area. The total respective rainfall events were 47, 52, 52 times during experimental period from 2006 to 2008, while approximately 65 percent of daily rainfall intensity from2006 to 2008 was less than 20 mm a day. The organic matter contents on the surface 15 cm soil ranging from1.23%to 1.84%in 2006 were changed into from1.35 %to 2.28%in 2008 in the order of control > glyphosate > paraquat > bare plot in 2008, indicating that the herbicide treatment influenced the accumulation organic matter in soil. The changes in soil particle contents showed that the loss of soil particles in top 5 cm soil depth was greater in a bare soil than in other treatments such as control, glyphosate, and paraquat-treated plot. The net changes in the bulk densities showed that there were little variations between May of 2006 and Nov. of 2008 even though there were some losses of the soil particles. The soil strength of the glyphosate-treated bare plots was much greater than those of other plots such as control, glyphosate, and paraquat plots. However the soil strengths in control plots were lower than those in the plots of glyphosate and paraquat treated ones.