• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.377-386
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• 2016

The purposes of this research are to examine soil pollution in the nation and to explore the contaminated soil management of the public housing agency in public land for residential development. In so doing, the primary and secondary data were utilized, the former made use of the public data annually released by the Korea Ministry of Environment, and the latter relied on a self-administerd questionnaire survey conducted in the staff of the public housing agency, particularly those in charge of soil contamination in large-scale land, housing and urban development projects. The findings reveal that the national concentrations of 21 inorganic and organic soil contaminants (e.g., Cd, Cu, As, Hg, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, F, P, PCB, CN, Phenol, BTEX, TPH, TCE, PCE, Benzo(a)pyrene, and pH) in the land were extracted to be well below the risk level designated by the statutory guidance while industrial areas had them at a relatively modest level. In addition, the survey results indicate that the public housing agency didn't establish specific and clear guidelines for soil pollution and its remediation in the residential land development, so that contaminated sites have been primarily remediated by outsourcing companies. As the unexpected occurrence of contaminated sites causes the incurring expenses added to total project budget, the provision of both professional training and on-site manuals with the sufficient information on techniques and methods of soil contamination is critical to promptly and systematically deal with soil pollution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.219-222
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• 2005

유류로 오염된 토양에 대해 토양경작법(Landfarming)을 적용하여 복원효율을 평가하였다. 복원 초기에는 주로 휘발에 의한 오염물질의 저감이 이루어졌으며, 이 후 미생물성장에 필요한 토양뒤집기와 질소원 영양물질의 공급으로 인해 미생물수가 복원초기에 비해 약 200배 증가하면서 약 30여일 경과 후 초기 20,000ppm에서 복원목표인 TPH의 토양오염우려기준 2,000ppm의 이하인 1,910ppm으로 감소하였다. 시간이 경과할수록 탄소원 섭취기질 부족으로 완만한 오염물질 감소속도를 나타내면서 최종적으로 TPH를 측정한 결과 1,288ppm으로서 제거효율 94%이상을 나타내었다.

• Environmental engineer
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• s.173
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• pp.36-41
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• 2001

토양은 인간을 포함한 모든 지구생물이 삶을 영위하는 생존의 터전이다. 인간은 토양 위에서 인류의 발전을 이루어 왔으며, 앞으로도 이러한 인간의 역사가 토양 위에서 이루어질 것은 두말할 나위도 없다. 그러나 이러한 토양의 중요성에도 불구하고 토양보전에 대한 인식과 관심이 부족하였던 것이 사실이다. 그 원인으로는 우선 토양오염은 대기$\cdot$수질오염과는 달리 그 실태를 쉽게 파악하거나 체감할 수 없으며, 오랜 기간에 걸쳐 일부 지역에

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.62-70
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• 2009

A field soil highly contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons (JP-8 and diesel fuels) was employed for its remediation by a lab-scale thermal desorption process. The soil was collected in the vicinity of an underground storage tank in a closed military base and its contamination level was as high as 4,476 ppm as total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH). A lab scale directly-heated low temperature thermal desorption (LTTD) system of 10-L capacity was developed and operated for the thermal treatment of TPH contaminated soils in this study. The desired operation temperature was found to be approximately $200-300^{\circ}C$ from the thermal gravimetric analysis of the contaminated field soils. The removal efficiencies higher than 90% were achieved by the LTTD treatment at $200^{\circ}C$ for 10 min as well as at $300^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. As the water content in the soils increased and therefore they were likely to be present as lumps, the removal efficiency noticeably decreased, indicating that a pre-treatment such as field drying should be required. The analysis of physical and chemical properties of soils before and after the LTTD treatment demonstrated that no significant changes occurred during the thermal treatment, supporting no needs for additional post-treatments for the soils treated by LTTD. The results presented in this study are expected to provide useful information for the field application and verification of LTTD for the highly contaminated geo-environment.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.457-467
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• 2003

Soil Precise Investigation(SPI) for river deposits and farmland soils around Goro abandoned Zn-mine, Korea was performed to assess the pollution level of heavy metals(As. Pb, Cd, Cu) and to estimate the remediation volume for contaminated soils. Total investigation area was about 950000 $m^2$, which was divided into each section of 1500 $m^2$ corresponding to one sampling site and 545 samples for surface soil(0-10cm in depth) and 192 samples for deep soil(10-30cm in depth) from the investigation area were collected for analysis. Concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb at all sample sites were shown to be lower than Soil Pollution Warning Limit(SPWL). For arsenic concentration, in surface soils, 20.5% of sample sites(104 sites) were over SPWL(6mg/kg) and 6.7%(34 sites) were over Soil Pollution Counterplan Limit(SPCL: 15mg/kg) suggesting that surface soils were broadly contaminated by As. For deep soils, 10.4% of sample sites(18 sites) were over SPWL and 0.6%(1 site) were over SPCL. Four pollution grades for sample locations were prescribed by the Law of Soil Environmental Preservation and Pollution Index(PI) for each soil sample was decided according to pollution grades(over 15.0 mg/kg, 6.00-15.00 mg/kg, 2.40-6.00 mg/kg, 1.23-6.00 mg/kg). The pollution contour map around Goro mine based on PI results was finally created to calculate the contaminated area and the remediation volume for contaminated soils. Remediation area with over SPWL concentration was about 0.3% of total area between Goro mine and a projected storage dam and 0.9% of total area was over 40% of SPWL. If the remediation target concentration was determined to over background level concentration, 1.1% of total area should be treated for remediation. Total soil volume to be treated for remediation was estimated on the assumption that the thickness of contaminated soil was 30cm. Soil volume to be remediated based on the excess of SPWL was estimated at 79,200$m^3$, soil volume exceeding 40% of SPWL was about 233,700 $m^3$, and soil volume exceeding the background level(1.23 mg/kg) was 290,760 TEX>$m^3$.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.5-18
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• 2000

토양${\cdot}$지하수환경분야와 관련된 제도들이 최근 개정 움직임을 보이고 있는 시점에서 조사단계 및 처리단계이후의 유지관리분야에서 지구물리탐사분야의 중요성이 점차 인식되고 있다. 특히 토양${\cdot}$지하수오염과 관련하여 오염유발가능시설의 $80\%$가 농촌지역에 산재되어 있으나, 그 규모와 오염정도에 대한 조사가 제대로 이루어지지 않은 상태이다. 이에 따라 지하수의 수질은 점차적으로 저질화 되어가고 있으나 비가시적인 이유로 인하여 그동안 소홀히 다루어져 왔다. 또한 오염조사 및 오염복원 등이 제도적으로 뿌리내리지 못해 오염원의 범위, 정도 등을 확인하는데 많은 한계점을 드러내고 있는 현실이다. 최근 관계법령의 개정을 통해 보다 엄격하고 강화된 규제 및 책임을 법제화하는 일은 현재와 미래의 환경보전을 위해 다행한 일이라 하겠다. 특히, 지하수오염 등은 국가적인 불행한 일이므로 향후 토양${\cdot}$지하수환경에 막대한 영향을 미칠 오염인자에 대한 정밀실태조사가 시급히 이루어져야 할 것이다. 따라서 현재 개정을 추진하고 있는 토양환경보전법과 지하수법의 개정취지를 제대로 살리면서 환경오염에 능동적으로 대처하기 위하여 지구물리탐사분야와 지질조사분야에서의 다양하고 정밀한 조사를 위한 방법들과 내용에 대한 연구가 절실히 요구되고 있다. 또한 이와 더불어 오염부지 특성조사를 위한 절차 및 방법들이 구체적으로 법제화되어 할 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.97-99
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 디젤로 오염된 토양을 효율적으로 정화하기 위해, 알칼리제와 과산화수소를 이용하는 새로운 방식의 토양세척기법에 대하여 일련의 회분식 실험을 통하여 최적의 운전조건을 검토하고자 하였다. 알칼리제인 NaOH를 이용하여 세척수의 pH를 상승시켜, 강알칼리 상태에서 과산화수소를 주입하면 미세기포가 발생되며, 이 미세기포에 의해 토양에 흡착되어 있는 유류 오염물질이 효과적으로 탈착.부상된다. #60(0.25mm) 이하의 자연토양을 6,500 mg TPH/kg dry soil로 오염시켜 사용하였으며, 세척수의 pH, 진탕비(토양 중량 : 세척용액 부피), 과산화수소 주입량, 세척시간에 의한 영향을 살펴보았다. 세척수의 pH는 12, 진탕비는 1:5, 과산화수소 주입량은 1%, 세척시간은 1시간으로 적용한 결과 최대효율(60%)을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.301-307
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• 2011

Oil pollution was world-wide prevalent treat to the environment, and the physic-chemical remediation technology of the TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon) contaminated soil had the weakness that its rate was very slow and not economical. Bioremediation of the contaminated soil is a useful method if the concentrations are moderate and non-biological techniques are not economical. The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of additives on TPH degradation in a diesel contaminated soil environment. Six experimental conditions were conduced; (i) diesel contaminated soil, (ii) diesel contaminated soil treated with microbial additives, (iii) diesel contaminated soil treated with microbial additives and the mixture was titrated to the end point of pH 7 with NaOH, (iv) diesel contaminated soil treated with microbial additives and accelerating agents and (v) diesel contaminated soil treated with microbial additives and accelerating agents, and the mixture was titrated to the end point of pH 7 with NaOH. After 10 days, significant TPH degradation (67%) was observed in the DSP-1 soil sample. The removal of TPH in the soil sample where microbial additives were supplemented was 38% higher than the control soil sample during the first ten days. The microbial additives were effective in both the initial removal rate and relative removal efficiency of TPH compared with the control group. However, various environmental factors, such as pH and temperature, also affected the activities of microbes lived in the additives, so the pH calibration of the oil-contaminated soil would help the initial reduction efficiency in the early periods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.670-676
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• 2011

Artificially metal-contaminated soils have been widely used for lab-scale soil washing and soil toxicity experiments. The artificial soil contamination methods consist of 1) first equilibrating soils with heavy metal solution, 2) filtrating or centrifuging soils from the mixture and 3) finally drying the soils. However, some of those artificially contaminated soil experiments have not clearly shown that the soils were thoroughly rinsed with water prior to conducting experiments. This study investigated the amount of heavy metal release from the artificially metal-contaminated soil by pre-water-rinsing. Three different artificially metal-contaminated soil preparation methods were first evaluated with Cd and Pb concentrations of soil. Then, this study investigated the effect of pre-water-rinsing on the Cd and Pb concentration of the artificially contaminated soil. Heavy metal concentrations of the soil produced by equilibrating and drying the metal solution-soil were significantly reduced by pre-water-rinsing. The results of the study implied that experimental results would be significantly distorted when the artificially heavy metal-contaminated soils were not thoroughly water-rinsed prior to conducting experiments. Therefore, the initial heavy metal concentration of the artificially contaminated soil should be determined after thoroughly rinsing the soil that was previously obtained through the adsorption and dry stages.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1229-1235
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• 2007

Railway-contaminated soil is categorized by total petroleum hydrocarbon(TPH)-related contamination and heavy-metal contamination. The sources of TPH are diesel and lubricant. In this study, the feasibility of soil washing, chemical oxidation and ultra-sonication were investigated to treat lubricant-contaminated railway soil. tergitol, a non-ionic surfactant, was investigated as a washing agent. However, it is not effective to remove lubricant from soil even though tergitol is most effective washing agent for diesel-contaminated soil. Addition of alcohols with surfactant enhanced slightly washing efficiency of the lubricant-contaminated soil. To remediate railway-contaminated soil, source of pollution should be considered.