• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.168-175
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• 2011

This study was conducted to examine the impacts of different soil water potentials on environmental soil properties related to the moisture injury of Korean raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miq.). Soil water potential in the plastic film house plots was differentiated from -5 to -40 kPa. Soils in the plots contained 5.6% of plant available water. Increasing soil water contents based on the changes in water potential increased soil pH and exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$ content and decreased exchangeable $K^+$ and total N contents. It also declined soil organic matter content at 9 days after water treatments. Relationship between water potential and soil water content was given as an exponential equation, y = 96.534 - 20.28In(x). In particular, when the water potential was higher than -20 kPa (27.5% of soil moisture content), it decreased chlorophyll content in the raspberry leaves, inhibited N uptake by the plant, and increased phosphorus content with increasing days after water treatment. Also, as the 7 days after water treatment at higher than -20 kPa of water potential, the root activity of the plant was significantly decreased, and trunk (top)/root (T/R) ratio of the plant markedly declined until 9 days after water supply. Carbohydrate contents in the raspberry plant leaves and roots at dormant stage were the lowest at -5 and -10 kPa of water potential plots, and it may cause winter injury to the plant.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.472-472
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• 2015

토양수분은 수문학에서의 물 순환을 비롯한 여러 다양한 자연과학적 분야에 중요한 인자로 활용되고 있다. 본 연구의 대상사면인 지형학적, 토양학적으로 복합적이고, 불균질한 작은 산지사면에서 토양수분의 시공간적 분포에 대한 지형, 토성인자의 영향에 대해 파악하고자 한다. 토양수분은 TDR방식의 모니터링 시스템을 통해 안정적으로 측정이 되었으며, 각 영향인자들은 사면의 지형분석 및 토성분석을 실시하여 확보되었다. 지형인자는 습윤지수, 기여사면면적, 지역적 경사 그리고 토양깊이 인자이며, 토성은 모래, 실트, 점토함량, 가밀도 값을 이용하였다. 사면의 측정된 토양깊이별 토양수분의 시공간적 변동에서의 각 인자와의 상관분석 및 다변량 분석을 통해, 각 영향인자들의 관련성 평가하였다. 사면 전체측정지점들의 토양수분의 시공간적 분포와 영향인자의 상관분석을 통해서 토양수분의 결정에는 지형보다는 토성의 영향이 지배적으로 나타났지만, 모래함량이 높은 토성을 가진 측정지점들에 한해 분석한 결과에서는 지형의 영향은 증가하였고, 토성의 영향은 오히려 줄어들었다. 토양깊이별 상관분석에서는 토양깊이 10cm의 각 인자와의 관련성이 30, 60cm보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 토양수분변화에 따른 각 인자와의 상관계수 변화는 토양수분이 약 28~32%정도의 포화되기 전의 습윤한 조건일 때, 각 인자들과의 상관성이 증가한 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.22-26
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• 1998

토양오염 정화방법의 하나인 토양증기추출법(soil vapor extraction, SVE)은 오염된 토양에 진공 또는 가압의 공기를 공급하여 연속적인 공기 흐름을 유도함으로써 토양의 기공에 잔류하는 유해화합물의 증발을 촉진하여 오염물질을 제거하는 공정이다. 본 연구에서는 토양증기추출법의 효율에 영향을 주는 인자들 가운데에서 토양의 수분함량과 오염물질의 종류가 오염물질의 제거효율에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험과 계산을 수행하였다. 인공토양으로 glass bead, sand, molecular sieve가 사용되었으며. 오염물질로는 톨루엔. 메틸에틸케톤, 트리클로로에틸렌이 사용되었다. 각 실험에 대하여 프로인들리히 등온식과 기공확산모델 등을 고려하여 계산을 수행한 결과, 수분이 없는 경우에는 탈착식에 의해, 수분이 있는 경우에는 interparticle에서의 확산 현상에 의해 오염물질의 제거속도가 지배됨을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 정화대상지역에 SVE를 이용한 적절한 정화방법을 설계하는데 기초자료로 이용할 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2008

The growth of root and shoot normally decline dramatically in mid-summer of Korea, moreover the cool-season turfgrassgrass eventually wither to death over $30^{\circ}C$. The increase of air temperature also drives the heat of soil, that makes stress on root system. The heat stress affects physiological mechanisms of hormonal unbalance that stimulates shoot growth, photosynthesis, and transpiration. To solve those problems, many studies have been carried out to control soil moisture and OM content to decrease soil temperature for dissolving the growth retardant by heat stress. This study initiated to analyze the change of soil temperature with soil moisture, and the effect of soil depth and moisture content on heat transmit and thermal changes on turfgrass growth(productivity, green color, and damage by dryness and high temperature). Kentucky bluegrass plots prepared with 25%, 33%, 40% soil moisture treatments. Soil temperature was measured every five min. with four thermo-sensors at 12 and 2 cm soil depth. The most acceptable growth showed at 33% soil moisture, but the worst result showed at 40%. The soil moisture seriously affected on the growth of Kentucky bluegrass, however the quality of turfgrass may acceptable if we can control soil moisture down to 33% when the flooding season of monsoon.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2009

This study was to verify and calibrate seven kinds of soil water sensors for volumetric soil water content(VSWC) measurement under field. Types of sensors were TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) and FDR(Frequency Domain Reflectometry). Two kinds of TDR were TRIME(profile type), and Mini-TRASE(rod type). Five kinds of FDR were EasyAG, EnviroSCAN, PR-1(profile type), and WET-1(rod type). VSWC by TRIME and Mini-TRASE compared with VSWC by soil core showed the standard error of about 2.4%, and 1.4% which is the smallest value among all the sensors used in the experiment, respectively. The errors of EasyAG and EnviroSCAN analyzed with scaled frequency(SF) were about 2.6%, and 2.8% and those by 1 versus 1 correspondence were about 2.6%, and 2.6%, respectively. WET-1 showed about 2.0% of error, which is the smallest value among errors by FDR sensors. PR-1 with the error of about 4.7% should be hard for application in field. Therefore, users on soil water sensors have to take into consideration the errors of sensors revealed after the calibration for the correct measurement of VSWC in field. The rest except for PR-1 among the sensors could be used for VSWC measurement with 1.4~2.6% error.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1472-1475
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• 2009

SPI(Standard Precipitation Index)가 기상학적 가뭄을 표현하는 지수인 반면, PDSI(Palmer Drought Severity Index)는 가뭄에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 수문기상학적 요소인 강수량, 기온뿐만 아니라 유효토양수분량과 일조시간 등의 자료에 근거한 물수지 분석에 의해 산정된다. 특히 PDSI 지수는 토양습윤조건의 민감한 영향을 측정하는데 매우 유용하다는 것을 장점으로 가지고 있다. PDSI에서 토양수분과 관련된 요소들을 다룰 때, 토양수분저장량은 토양을 상부와 하부의 2개 층으로 나누어 상부 층은 1inch(25.4mm)의 수분을 저장할 수 있고 하부층은 토양의 성질에 따라 유효용량이 결정되는 것으로 하부층의 수분은 상부 층의 수분이 모두 제거 될 때까지 손실되지 않으며 하부 층 손실량은 초기수분함유량과 산정된 잠재증발량(PE) 및 토양유효용량(AWC)에 따라 결정되는 것으로 가정한다. 하지만 산정방법에서 토양의 유효용량에 따른 물수지 방정식을 통해 각 잠재량들을 구하는 과정은 기후학적으로 필요한 값을 결정하는 매우 중요한 과정임에도 불구하고 기존의 PDSI 지수 산정 시, 모든 지역에서 상하부토양심도를 지역적 분포를 고려하지 않고 10inch(25.4cm)로 일정하게 사용함으로써 유효 토양수분함량에 대한 신뢰도를 저하시키는 결과를 가져오는 경향이 있었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 GIS 정밀토양도를 사용하여 토양심도의 지역적 분포에 근거한 토양수분함량을 산정한 후 물수지 분석을 실시하고 그에 따른 PDSI 지수를 산정하여 그 영향을 분석하고 기존의 PDSI 지수값과 비교 분석하였다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.115-120
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• 1981

Effect of soil water on the growth of Panax ginseng(2 years old) was investigated through pot experiment. the results were as follows. 1. Optimum soil moisture content for root yield appeared to be 65.5% of field capacity(22.1% fresh weight basis) and at 31.5%(10.7% fresh weight basis) relative growth rate was nil. 2. Under suboptimum condition of soil moisture, emergence of shoot and leaf unfolding was delayed. The rate of emergence of shoot and leaf area was also decreased while missing shoot rate was increased. 3. Root yield was positively correlated with leaf area per plant(r=0.91 **), stem diameter (r=0.73**), stem length(r=0.71 **) fresh top yield(r=0.93**) and negatively with missing shoot rate(r=-0.77**). 4. Fresh root weight showed negative correlation(r=-0.80**) with water content of root indicating that tissue is more compact when grown at sufficient water.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2013

The objective of study was to protect seabird breeding site and vegetation restoration of Chilbal and Sokugul island in Shinan county Jeonnam province, April and December 2011. We analyzed the soil properties according to the dominant communities and environmental gradient. As a result, It was highly analyzed to moisture content, organic matter, salinity, total nitrogen in Commelina communis community and low analyzed in Achyranthes japonica community. Carex boottiana community which mainly used as a seabird habitat has a wide range and Achyranthes japonica and Artemisia princeps community was narrowed to soil properties. Soil pH of Carex boottiana community in Sogugul island was the lowest on 3.14 and Peucedanum japonicum community was the highest. Soil moisture content and organic matter was analyzed by the high value in Peucedanum japonicum community. In contrast, Achyranthes japonica was the low value and Carex boottiana community was analyzed the highest on the salinity and total nitrogen. On the soil environmental characteristics according to the environmental gradient, The higher altitude, moisture content, organic matter, salinity and total nitrogen was the lower in Chilbal island. In the case of Sokugul island, the altitude difference did not show the characteristics of soil environmental factors for small area and low altitude. But moisture content is similar to soil property of Chilbal island. Soil property was strongly acid soil because of seabird dropping. This results will be helpful to manage the invasive plants.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.329-333
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• 2006

Most of volcanic ash soils in South Korea are distributed in Jeju province which is an island placed on southern part of Korea and has steep slope mountain area. There are many soils containing high contents of organic matter (OM) derived from volcanic ash in Jejudo, also. Therefore, irrigation and drainage in volcanic ash soil different with general soil which has low OM content have to be applied with another management way, but studies searching appropriate methods for them are set on insufficient situation because the area of volcanic ash soil in South Korea is only 1.3% (130,000ha). This study was conducted for analysis of soil water content and irrigation quantity appropriate for crops cultivated in volcanic ash soil with high OM content. Although soils with different soil color have the same soil texture, soil water characteristics curve by soil color showed the difference of water retention capability by OM content. But, this characteristics classified with soil color could be unified by scaling technique with similitude analysis method which get dimensionless water content using a present water content, a residual water content and saturated water content (or water content at 10kPa). A relation of gravimetric soil water content (GSWC) and dimensionless water content by the results showed a form of power function. The dimensionless water content (DWC) express a relative saturation degree of present water content. This was also expressed by van Genuchten model which describe the relation between relative saturation degrees and matric potentials. These results on soil water characteristics curve (SWCC) of volcanic ash soil will be the basic of irrigation plan in area having high organic contents into soil.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2012

Microwave remote sensing can help monitor the land surface water cycle, crop growth and soil moisture. A ground-based polarimetric scatterometer has an advantage for continuous crop using multi-polarization and multi-frequencies and various incident angles have been used extensively in a frequency range expanding from L-band to Ka-band. In this study, we analyzed the relationships between L-, C- and X-band signatures and soil moisture content over the whole soybean growth period. Polarimetric backscatter data at L-, C- and X-bands were acquired every 10 minutes. L-band backscattering coefficients were higher than those observed using C- or X-band over the period. Backscattering coefficients for all frequencies and polarizations increased until Day Of Year (DOY) 271 and then decreased until harvesting stage (DOY 294). Time serious of soil moisture content was not a corresponding with backscattering over the whole growth stage, although it increased relatively until early August (R2, DOY 224). We conducted the relationship between the backscattering coefficients of each band and soil moisture content. Backscattering coefficients for all frequencies were not correlated with soil moisture content when considered over the entire stage ($r{\leq}0.50$). However, we found that L-band HH polarization was correlated with soil moisture content (r=0.90) when Leaf Area Index (LAI)<2. Retrieval equations were developed for estimating soil moisture content using L-band HH polarization. Relation between L-HH and soil moisture shows exponential pattern and highly related with soil moisture content ($R^2=0.92$). Results from this study show that backscattering coefficients of radar scatterometer appear effective to estimate soil moisture content.