• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2020

To prepare the management plan for reduction of the organic carbon emission caused by soil respirations, the amount of organic carbon emission from the pedosphere in Pinus densiflora community within metropolis park was quantified and then the correlations between quantified values and climate factors were analyzed. To this study, we investigated the amount of emitted organic carbon through soil respirations of Pinus densiflora community within Mt. Nam in Seoul-si, Korea, and identified correlationship with environmental factors. As a result, the average amount of organic carbons, included in soil respirations of P. densiflora community in Mt. Nam, was 7.978 ton C ha^-1 yr^-1. Also, precipitation of spring (March to May) was one of the environmental factors explaining the increase and decrease of soil respiration. This results suggest a drainage management to keep the low water content in understorey soils is important to an ecological management of metropolitan forests.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.146.1-146
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• 2003

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.64-71
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• 2009

Excessive soil organic matter (SOM) is detrimental to turfgrass quality when used intensively in sand-based root zones, thereby affecting the sustainability of turfgrass systems. As part of a major project examining the sustainable management of SOM on golf greens, microbial decomposition on soil organic matter accumulation with depth was assessed and the effect of soil air-condition improvement and Ca fertilization was investigated by soil microbial respiration (SMR). Three soil samples from three depths(0~5, 5~10, and 10~15cm) of 5 year and 30 year old green were analyzed for SOM content. In 30 year old green, SMR and dehydrogenase activity(DHA) were analyzed to assess the soil microbial decomposition with depth. It was then divided into 4 plots: untreated as a control, dolomite-treated, 0~5cm deep section-removed, and 0~5 cm deep section-removed+dolomite-treated. After treatment, three soil samples were taken at 1, 2 and 4 weeks by the above-mentioned method, and analyzed for SMR to better understand SOM decomposition. SOM accumulation in the 0~5cm depth of golf greens can be controlled by intensive cultivation such as coring, but below 5cm is more difficult as the results showed that SOM content below 5cm increased over time. Soil microbial decomposition of organic matter will be necessary to reduce SOM accumulation, but SMR below 5cm was low and wasn't significantly altered by increasing exposure to air and fertilizing with Ca. As a result, aeration treatments such as coring and Ca fertilization might not be effective at improving soil microbial decomposition below 5cm depth in aged greens.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.202-206
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2005.12a
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• pp.131-131
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.151-163
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• 2022

This study was conducted to promote organic fertilizer(s) that sustain soil productivity for corn production and protect the environment as required by the Act on the promotion of eco-friendly agriculture. It was conducted at the research station of the Organic Agriculture Division of the National Institute of Agricultural. The treatments consisted of Compost (Com), Bokashi as fermented organic fertilizer (FOF), and mixed expeller pressed cake (PC). They were applied at 174 kg N /ha to field corn, together with a 'no fertilizer' check in Randomized Complete Block Design. At eight weeks after transplanting (WAT) corn, compost increased soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) to 7.48 and 0.76 g/kg respectively, while other fertilizers maintained the initial levels (before treatment application). At corn harvest (13 WAT), soil chemical properties (total C, total N, pH, electrical conductivity, P₂O₅, Ca, K, and Mg) were similar among all organic fertilizer treatments. For soil respiration, FOF increased soil CO₂ respiration by 31-76% above other fertilizer treatments. However, there were no prominent changes in the trends of CH₄ fluxes following the two mechanical weeding operations. Fermented organic fertilizer affected N₂O emissions between 87-96% lower than other fertilizer treatments. Compared to the initial microbial densities, FOF increased fungi and actinomycete colony foming unit by 25 and 16% at harvest. Therefore, the additional potential of improving soil biological fertility and local availability of raw materials make FOF a better option to sustain soil productivity while protecting the environment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.345-351
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• 2015

This study was conducted to find out the methodology of carbon budget assessment among soil, atmosphere and plant. Soil respiration, net ecosystem productivity of herbs and net ecosystem productivity of woody plants have been measured in 30 years old pear orchard at Naju. Closed Dynamic Chamber (CDC) method was used to measure soil respiration and net ecosystem productivity of herbs. Net ecosystem productivity of woody plant (pear) was determined by eddy covariance method using the EddyPro (5.2.1) program. As for soil respiration, $429.1mgCO_2m^{-2}h^{-1}$ was released to atmosphere and sensitivity of soil temperature ($Q_{10}$) was 2.3. In case of herbs, respiration was superior to photosynthesis during measurement period. From 20 to 24 Jun 2015, the sum of absorbed and released $CO_2$ by herb's photosynthesis and respiration was $156.1mgCO_2m^{-2}h^{-1}$. Woody plants showed the $680.1mgCO_2m^{-2}h^{-1}$ of absorption by photosynthesis. In a farm scale, the sum of soil respiration, and net ecosystem productivity of herbs and woody plants was $0.04tonCO_2ha^{-1}$ during the measurement period, and it showed that pear orchard act as a $CO_2$ sink. This study using various approaches is expected to present a methodology for evaluating the carbon budget of perennial woody crop plantations.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 2005

Soil CO₂ emission is one of the primary components in carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems. In soil CO₂ flux measurements, chamber method is currently the most common technique. Prior to compare or synthesize the data collected from different chamber methods, potential biases must be quantified for each measurement system. We have conducted an intercomparison experiment among four closed dynamic chamber systems and an automatic open-closed chamber system in a temperature-controlled phytotron. Due to the disturbed CO₂ concentrations inside the phytotron during the measurements with closed dynamic chambers and the changes in soil water content, the interpretation of the data was difficult to quantify the biases of individual methods. However, the experiment provided not only valuable information on the performance characteristics of the five instruments to varying soil temperature and CO₂ concentration but also useful insights for better designs and strategy for future intercomparison in a controlled environment.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.375-385
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of pesticides on soil respiration, microflora and enzymes in loam soil, and on pathogenic microorganisms in continuous pepper cropping soil. The results are summarized as follows. No significant effect of pesticides on soil respiration was shown, with the exception of propoxur which slightly increased at $10{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ treatment. When pesticides were treated, the amount of soil microorganisms generally decreased at the early stage of incubation and the number of microflora was much more decreased at 60-day incubation. When pesticides were treated, the amount of soil enzyme activity was inhibited at the early stage of incubation and gradually recovered at the last stage of incubation. The amount of polygalacturonase activity was increased at the 20-and 30-day incubation in propoxur treatment plot. The amount of ${\beta}$-glucosidase and dehydrogenase activity was increased at 20-and 60-day incubation in carbofuran and acephate treatment plot. The amount of phosphatase activity was increased at 60-day incubation in propoxur and isoprocarb treatment plot. The amount of Fusarium generally decreased in continuous pepper cropping soil, with the exception of isoprocarb and acephate treatment plot which significantly increased. The amount of Pythium increased at 60-day incubation with the exception of captan treatment plot which significantly decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.140-146
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• 2013

This experiment was conducted in order to study the physiological characteristics of Sedum takevimense in different moisture conditions. The photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency and the respiratory rate were determined by using a photable photosynthesis system. According to the results, the best illumination range and moisture range were explicitly selected. The highest photosynthetic rate was at $600{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, and after this value, the trend showed a reduction. When the moisture was 11.31%, the photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency reached maximum value, but the respiratory rate reached maximum value at 7.91%. According to the measured values, the best illumination range was $600{\sim}1,200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and the best moisture range was 7.09~11.31%.