• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.552-556
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• 2003

창원시 대산면 갈전리의 강변여과수 취수지역의 8개의 시추공의 시추지료로부터 파악된 지하지질과 물리탐사자료를 비교하여 둘 간의 연관성을 검토하였다. 본 연구에서는 이미 얻어진 시추공 자료와 비교ㆍ검토하기 위하여 지구물리탐사를 실시하였다. 수행된 지구물리탐사는 쌍극자배열 전기비저항 수평탐사, 슐럼버져법배열 전기비저항 수직탐사, 지하투과레이다탐사이다. 전기비저항 수평탐사에 의하면 저비저항치의 두께는 낙동강변에 가까울수록 두꺼워지는 경향성을 보이고 있다. 전기비저항 수직탐사 결과는 시추자료와 비교적 잘 일치하고 있으며 지표로부터 세립질 모래층, 중립질 모래층, 세립질 모래층의 구분이 수직탐사 결과에서 잘 나타나고 있다. 또한 GPR탐사와 전기비저항 수직탐사 결과에 의하면, 지하수면은 6m 부근에 위치하고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.553-557
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• 2005

유역의 강우-유출 분석에서 유효우량의 산정은 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 유효우량의 산정에서 대상호우에 대한 유출량 자료가 있는 경우는 침투지수법(infiltration index method)중 하나인 $\Phi$-지표법이나 W-지표법을 사용하여 그 양을 산정할 수 있다. 그러나 대상호우에 대한 유출량 자료가 없는 경우는 침투지수법을 이용하여 유효우량을 산정 할 수 없으며, 이러한 경우 유역의 토양 특성과 식생피복 상태에 대한 자료만으로 총우량으로부터 유효우량을 산정할 수 있는 NRCS(Natural Resources Conservation Service)의 유효우량 산정방법이 널리 사용되고 있다. NRCS유효우량 산정 방법은 선행토양함수조건(antecedent moisture condition, AMC)을 이 용하여 유출곡선지수(runoff curve number, CN)를 결정하는데, 이때 AMC의 산정을 위해 선행5일강우량(total 5-day antecedent rainfall)을 그 기준으로 하고 있으나, 이는 미국의 유역을 대상으로 하여 얻어진 결과이므로 이를 국내 유역에 검증 없이 적용하는 데에는 문제가 있을 것으로 예상되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 HEC-HMS모형을 이용하여 선행강우일수을 변화시켜 가면서 실제 유역의 강우-유출에 적용하여 본 뒤 강우-유출을 가장 잘 모의하는 선행강우일수을 결정하였다. 이를 위해, IHP 대상유역인 보청천의 탄부소유역에 대하여 AMC의 산정을 위한 선행강우량을 1일부터 7일까지 변화시키며 적용한 결과 탄부소유역에서는 선행2일강우량이 가장 적합한 결과를 주는 것으로 나타났다. 국내 유역에서 NRCS유효유량 산정방법을 통한 강우-유출모의시 보다 정확한 값을 산정하기 위해서는 대상유역에 적합한 선행 강우일수의 결정이 중요하리라 판단된다.인 분석을 수행하고, 배수갑문 개방에 의한 수질개선효과를 최대화하기 위한 환경관리 방안 제시에 중점을 두어 수행하였다.ncy), 환경성(environmental feasibility) 등을 정성적으로(qualitatively) 파악하여 실현가능한 대안을 선정하였다. 이렇게 선정된 대안들은 중유역별로 검토하여 효과가 있을 것으로 판단되는 대안들을 제시하는 예비타당성(Prefeasibility) 계획을 수립하였다. 이렇게 제시된 계획은 향후 과학적인 분석(세부평가방법)을 통해 대안을 평가하고 구체적인 타당성(feasibility) 계획을 수립하는데 토대가 될 것이다.{0.11R(mm)}(r^2=0.69)$로 나타났다. 이는 토양의 투수특성에 따라 강우량 증가에 비례하여 점증하는 침투수와 구분되는 현상이었다. 경사와 토양이 같은 조건에서 나지의 경우 역시 $Ro_{B10}(mm)=20.3e^{0.08R(mm)(r^2=0.84)$로 지수적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유거수량은 토성별로 양토를 1.0으로 기준할 때 사양토가 0.86으로 가장 작았고, 식양토 1.09, 식토 1.15로 평가되어 침투수에 비해 토성별 차이가 크게 나타났다. 이는 토성이 세립질일 수록 유거수의 저항이 작기 때문으로 생각된다. 경사에 따라서는 경사도가 증가할수록 증가하였으며 $10\% 경사일 때를 기준으로 $Ro(mm)=Ro_{10}{\times}0.797{\times}e^{-0.021s(\%)}$로 나타났다.천성 승모판 폐쇄 부전등을 초래하는 심각한 선천성 심질환이다. 그러나 진단 즉시 직접 좌관상동맥-대동맥 이식술로 수술적 교정을 해줌으로써 좋은 성적을 기대할 수 있음을 보여주었다.특히 교사들이 중요하게 인식하는 해방적 행동에 대한 목표를 강조하여 적용할 필요가 있음을 시사하고

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 1971

The measures of contour-terracing with sod has been executed as a major measures for hillside erosion control works for a long time in Korea. It is, however, recognized that pair terracings make a new slope-face having the more steeper degree of slope between the upper and the lower terraces on hillsides and it also does not contribute for establishing the natural vegetation-cover by penetration of pioneer seeds on the slope faces or cut-faces of hillsides. The study was therefore conducted in connection with the above problems on the cut-face having slope of $40^{\circ}$ and 1.6 meter in slope length with clay soils. Plot allocation for the experiment consists of 3 kinds of 3 replica plots having each $1.6m^2$ of slope area, i. e., the control plot with direct seeding on slopes only ($T_1$), the covering plot with the straw-mats after seeding on slopes ($T_2$) and the seeding plot after covering with the straw-mats. ($T_3$). The main results obtained may be summarized as follows : 1. Effects of the straw-mat mulchings on surface soil loss control:-The total amount of soil losses from each treatments are measured as 4,651 gr from $T_1$, 163 gr. from $T_2$ and 2,891 gr. from $T_3$ treatment respectively. (Refer to table No. 2, 3 and 4). In short, it is recognized that effect of $T_2$ treatment is compared as 28.5 times than that of $T_1$ treatment and 17.7 times than that of $T_3$ treatment respectively. Effect of $T_3$ treatment compared with $T_1$ treatment is also such recognizable as 1.6 times in control of surface soil losses on a slope face. 2. Effect of the straw-mat mulchings on soil moisture content on slopes; -Average per cent of surface soil moisture content by treatments show as 21.60 at the $T_1$, 23.04 at the $T_2$ and 22.21 at the $T_3$ treatment respectively and that of subsurface soil moisture content by treatment show as 23.81 at the $T_1$, 26.16 at the $T_2$ and 24.81 at the $T_3$ treatment respectively. The variance of soil moisture content by treatments was highly significant (Refer table No. 7, 8 and 9). 3. Effect of the straw-mat mulchings on vegetation establishment;-Average numbers of germination by treatments are counted as 237 Nos. at the $T_1$, 246 Nos. at the $T_2$ and 262 Nos. at the $T_3$ treatment plots and the vegetation coverage on ground was almost same as about 90% of covers in all treatments. This effect is more or less lower than that of surface soil erosion control. 4. Regarding the effect on surface soil erosion control, the straw-mat mulchings would be effective as a new measures for control of soil erosion on erosion susceptible lands such slope-faced bare-lands as cut-fill faces, mass-movement faces and bare hillsides.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.118-125
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• 2008

Diverse organic amendments available in local areas have been used to improve soil quality in red pepper field and so the need for investigating the soil chemical and biological properties changed by the organic amendments application is increasing. Soil microbial diversities were measured by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and Biolog $EcoPlate^{TM}$. Compost was most effective for improving soil chemical properties including pH, EC, total nitrogen, P, K, and Ca, and bark increased soil organic matter significantly (P=0.05). Compost increased the fatty acids indicating actinomycetes and vascular arbuscular fungi, and ratio of cy19:0/18:1w7c and monounsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids in soils in PLFA analysis. Bark increased soil fungal indicators in PLFA analysis (P=0.05). Principal component analysis of Biolog EcoPlate data and PLFA differentiated the compost- and bark-amended soils from other organic matteramended soils especially the soil incorporated with compost. More researches are needed to use bark for improving soil microbial properties because the soil chemical and microbiological properties caused by compost and bark are significantly different.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.3
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• pp.405-411
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate short-term effects on soil properties and leaf characteristics after various treatments of soil amendments (organic fertilizer: 20 kg tree-1; compound fertilizer+wood-char: compound fertilizer 4 kg tree-1+wood-char 2 kg tree-1; lime fertilizer: 3 kg tree-1; mixed fertilizer: compound fertilizer 1 kg tree-1+organic fertilizer 10 kg tree-1+wood-char 1 kg tree-1; control) in chestnut (Castanea crenata S. et Z.) orchards of Jinju and Sancheong, Gyeongsangnam-do. Soil bulk density, soil pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ in chestnut orchards were not significantly affected by soil amendment treatments. However, leaf weight was significantly higher in the lime fertilizer ($0.65\;g\;leaf^{-1}$) in Jinju and the organic fertilizer ($0.68\;g\;leaf^{-1}$) in Sancheong than in the control treatments (Jinju: $0.46\;g\;leaf^{-1}$; Sancheong: $0.53\;g\;leaf^{-1}$). Leaf area was also significantly higher in the lime fertilizer ($79.1\;cm^2\;leaf^{-1}$) in Jinju and the soil amendments ($70.4\;cm^2\;leaf^{-1}{\sim}78.2\;cm^2\;leaf^{-1}$) in Sancheong than in the control treatments (Jinju: $56.2\;cm^2\;leaf^{-1}$; Sancheong: $60.5\;cm^2\;leaf^{-1}$). Nitrogen concentration of leaf increased significantly in the mixed fertilizer (2.51%) and the compound fertilizer+wood-char (2.50%) compared with the control (1.98%) treatments. The results suggest that soil properties were not affected by soil amendment treatments during short-term period, but leaf characteristics and nitrogen concentration can be an indicator of soil nutrient improvements in chestnut orchards.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.68-73
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• 2003

This study performed from 2002 October to 2003 April. The samples were taken at 66 sites, divided into the 6 sections functionally in the southern part of Seoul such as Yangchon-gu, Kangseo-gu, Kuro-gu, Yeongdengpo-gu, Kwanak-gu, Dongjak-gu, Seocho-gu, Kangnam-gu, Songpa-gu, and Kangdong-gu. The result of research showed that each property soil was pH 4.7∼9.5, Cd; 0.391 mg/kg (0.011∼l.081 mg/kg). Cu; 12.35 mg/kg (0.061∼73.62 mg/kg), Pb; 13.04 mg/kg (N.D.∼61.85 mg/kg), Hg; 0.0866 mg/kg (N.D.∼1.353 mg/kg), F; 206.8 mg/kg(47.1∼561.1mg/kg). The minimum and maximum of the concentration with functional soils were Cd; 0.632 mg/kg for multi-purposed soil,0.079 mg/kg for schools, Cu; 21.35 mg/kg for roadside, 2.159 mg/kg for schools, Pb; 24.70 mg/kg for roadside, 1.030 mg/kg for schools, Hg; 0.1780 mg/kg for multi purposed, 0.0087 mg/kg for schools. Especially F was the high concentration at the hills. Also the concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg and F at school Zone was detected such as low. area of schools area was detected the low concentrations as the items of Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, and F. The average concentrations of metals and fluorine in the survey area were below the Preliminary Standard of the Soil Preservation Acts in Korea. To evaluate the soil quality of these area showed as a good qualified results. The results of SQPI (Soil Quality Pollution Index the qualified results as much as 86.4%.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.650-658
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• 2010

We used green manure crops such as hairy vetch, crimson clover, rye, sorghum, and sudan grass by mixing with soils to assess the effects of green manure crops on nutrient supply and soil quality improvement. Temporal changes in soil inorganic nitrogen, carbohydrate, microbial biomass, and humus content were determined as soil quality indicators. Inorganic nitrogen content of the control maintained similar level during the whole period, but it had continually increased until 4 weeks after incorporation (WAI) of green manure crops. Especially, inorganic nitrogen content sharply increased in sudan grass. After incorporation of green manure crops, temporal change of soluble sugar in soils was as follows: it had gradually increased in legume green manure crops-incorporated soils until 7 WAI, which was the highest, and then showed the tendency to be reduced. Meanwhile, it in non-legume green manure crops-incorporated soils rapidly increased after the incorporation, and reached the maximum around 4 WAI. Humic acid by the decomposition of crop residues in green manure crops-incorporated soils was greatly enhanced with the elapsed time of 4 WAI, although it was low at the same level as the control until 2 weeks. In addition, there was a difference in fulvic acid by incorporated crops, fulvic acid in hairy vetch, sorghum and sudan grass showed a similar tendency with the change in humic acid. Our results suggest that soluble sugar, microbial activity and humic acid could be available indicators to evaluate the fertility of green manure crops-incorporated soils.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.317-330
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• 2009

Research was initiated to investigate germination vigor, number of leaves, plant height and turfgrass density. A total of 18 treatment combinations were used in the study. Treatments were made of soil organic amendment(SOA), sand, and water-absorbing polymer. Germination vigor, leaf number, plant height and turfgrass density were evaluated in Kentucky bluegrass(KB) grown under greenhouse conditions. Significant differences were observed in germination vigor, leaf number, plant height and turfgrass density among 18 mixtures of SOA and polymer. Highest germination rate was associated with mixture of SOA 20% + sand 80% + polymer 0%, resulting in 56.3% for KB. Number of leaves at 60 DAS(days after seeding) were greater with KB over PR, while plant height higher with PR over KB. Leaf number increased with SOA, being SOA 20% > SOA 100% > SOA 10% and with polymer from 0 to 12%. Plant height was greatest with SOA 20% and lowest with SOA 100%. Greater density was observed with PR rather than KB due to longer plant height. Turf density was best under SOA 10% and poorest under SOA 100% in KB. A further research would be required for investigating the individual effect of K-SAM, Ca, perlite on the turf growth characteristics.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.214-217
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• 2006

전 지구영역에 대해 1km 의 해상도로 제공되는 새로운 개념으로 완성된 지표 변수데이터 베이스인 Ecoclimap-1이 소개 된 바 있다. 이것은 기상과 기후의 모델에서 토양과 식물과 대기 사이의 이동 모식을 설명하기 위해 고안 되었으며, 이러한 Ecoclimap-1은 토지피복지도와 기후기도를 중첩하여 얻어진 Ecosystem 지도를 기본 주제도로 사용한다. 하지만 중첩한 결과 같은 class 에 포함되더라도 내부 class 에서의 식생의 시간 변동성은 여전히 높게 나타난다. 이와 달리 Ecoclimap-2는 새로운 방법으로, SPOT/VEGETATION S10 NDVI 자료를 이용하여 토지피복을 보다 동질의 하위 집단으로 분류 한다. 본 연구 에서는 이러한 Ecoclimap-2의 일환으로 동북 아시아 영역의 생태기후지도를 제공하고자 한다. 이러한 Ecosystem map 은 앞으로의 기후 모델 연구에 있어 중요한 base map 으로 사용 되어질 것으로 보이며 또한 생태계모델, 기상 모델의 중요한 input 자료로서 쓰여 질 것으로 사료 된다.

• Water for future
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.43-65
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• 2016

베트남은 개발도상국가로서 지속적인 경제발전을 위한 수자원공급 시스템뿐만 아니라 삶의 질(보건 및 의료분야) 향상을 위한 수질관리에 있어서도 향후 많은 문제점에 봉착할 가능성이 높은 국가이다. 베트남의 지표수원은 상류지역에 위치한 인접국가로부터 연결된 강 하천의 유량에 절대적으로 의존하고 있으며, 지하수 수량은 지역별로 차이가 심하다. 수질은 취수 및 형성 과정에서 오염되는 경우가 발생하여, 산업 및 축산폐수에 의한 토양오염으로 인한 수질악화문제가 심각한 상황에 놓여있다. 베트남 정부는 최근 몇 년간 수자원 분야에 많은 투자를 해오고 있으며, 또한 외국투자 유치를 위해 정부차원에서 노력 중에 있다. 이렇듯 현재 상황에서 베트남 수자원관리에 SWG 기술 및 시스템의 적용을 위한 최적의 시기라 할 수 있다. SWG 기술의 해외시장 진출을 위한 타겟지역인 베트남 흥옌성에 대한 적용가능성 및 실증화(테스트 베드) 논의를 타진해 봄으로써 흥옌성에 대한 물관련 이슈 및 니즈를 사전적으로 분석하고 향후 비즈니스 모델 구축을 통한 실용화를 제고할 필요가 있다.