• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to review of environmental assessment of heavy metals derived from various metalliferous mines in Korea. As a results of national wide research for heavy metal contaminations in the vicinity of metalleferous mines, the main contaminants are mine waste materials including tailings. From the materials, toxic elements including As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn can be dispersed into downstream through wind and water. Thus, soils around the mines contain elevated levels of those elements, which are over the guide values for environmental regulation of soils in Korea. Arsenic is one of the most important elements contaminated by mining activities, to a less extent, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. In spite of remediation works for some metal mines by the government, there are still lots of abandoned mines which are necessary for reclamation of mining sites. This study also includes that metal concentrations in soils and tailings can be varied upon various decomposition methods including 0.1N HC1 and aqua regia and sequential extraction scheme, with differences in each element, too. This may be due to geochemical characteristics of the elements, such as solubility, mobility and chemical forms in the geochemical environment. Finally, it is suggested that a certain organization should be runned by Korean government for management of abandoned mines.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.16-23
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• 2002

현재 우리나라는 1980년대 후반부터 도시폐기물 소각시설을 설치하기 시작하여 전국적으로 20 여곳의 대형 소각장이 가동되고 있으며 대기오염 방지 기술도 발전에 발전을 거듭하여 불과 10 여년 동안에 선진국 수준의 대기오염 배출기준을 만족하는데 아무 문제가 없을 정도로 되었다. 그러나 소각후 발생 하는 소각재의 경우 비산재는 고형화등의 처리 후 매립하고 바닥재는 별도 처리없이 매립하는 실정이어서 매립 후 시간이 흐를수록 매립된 소각재에서 용출되는 다이옥신과 소각재 중에 포함된 중금속 등에 의한 토양오염과 수질오염의 우려가 남아 있는 것이 사실이다. 소각후 남는 소각재는 폐기물량의 약 15 %, 비산재는 약 1.5 % 정도 발생하는 것으로 볼 때 매립은, 특히 다음 세대에 유산으로 남겨진다는 점에서 더 이상 적절하지 않은 해결책으로 생각되며 유럽과 일본 등 선진국에서는 이미 이와 같은 소각재에 대한 무해화 처리기술이 개발되고 속속 상용화되고 있으므로 우리나라도 하루빨리 열분해용융시설등 신기술을 개발하거나 도입하여 세계적 환경 기술경쟁 에서 선진국과 어깨를 나란히 함은 물론 청정한 국토를 후손에게 물려줄 수 있도록 하는 대책이 강구되어 야 할 것이다. 본 고에서는 폐기물 처리기술의 세계 적 동향을 살펴보고 폐기물의 완전 자원화에 성공한 대우 써모셀렉트 열분해용융 기술의 특성에 대해 소개하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.417-420
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• 2002

Non-point source pollution of sediment, plant nutrients and pesticides from cropland has been identified as a significant environmental problem. Vegetative Filter Strips have been identified as one of BMPs to control nonpoint source pollution. This paper reviews the concept, functions, design criteria and management of VFS to control nonpoint source pollution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.267-267
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• 2008

시멘트를 이용한 지반개량 및 시멘트계 건설폐기물을 (예, 폐콘크리트, 및 시멘트 개량토 등) 성토재로 재활용하는 경우 지반 환경에 미칠 수 있는 영향으로는 (1) 시멘트에 함유된 6가 크롬($Cr^{6+}$) 및 (2) 강알칼리 물질의 용출이 있을 수 있다. 특히 $Cr^{6+}$의 경우 인체에 치명적인 발암성물질로 알려져 있어 이에 따른 주의가 필요하다. 최근 일본에서는 시멘트의 $Cr^{6+}$에 의한 지반오염이 우려됨에 따라 2000년 시멘트계 고화재를 지반에 사용하는 경우와 개량된 토양을 재이용하는 경우에는 토양환경기준을 만족하도록 규제하고 있다. $Cr^{6+}$외의 시멘트계 물질에 의한 환경오염으로는 강알칼리 물질의 유출이 있을 수 있다. 시멘트 개량토나 폐콘크리트 등의 건설폐기물을 성토재로 재활용하는 경우, 강우의 유입에 따라 구성물질인 수산화칼슘이 용해되어 높은 pH의 유출수가 발생한다. 강알칼리 유출수가 주변 하천 등으로 유입되는 경우 심각한 환경문제를 유발할 수 있으므로 이에 대한 기술적 검토가 필요하다. 본 발표에서는 시멘트계 물질에 의한 일본의 지반환경오염 사례 및 대책을 소개하였다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.337-344
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of spa sewage on water quality and chemical contents in the paddy soil along stream from 1997 to 1998. Concentration of $PO_4, SO_4, Cl, NH_{4}, Ca, Na$ and COD in the spa sewage were lower than standard for agricultural usage, and were lowered as the sewage flew to the into stream. The concentration of $SO_4$in spa sewage was over the criteria for agricultural usage in the inlet, but was lower than criteria for agricultural usage by inlet of non polluted stream water. Concentration of pollutants in the sediment of water channel were the highest in the inlet site. There were no pollutants accumulation in the paddy soil where spa sewage was irrigated. It may be resulted from nutrients uptake of rice plant and self purification of paddy soil. On the while, considering electric conductivity and nitrate in spa sewage, this results suggest that long-term irrigation of the spa sewage may be required general management with some decreasing fertilization.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.239-247
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• 2008

Objective of this study was to investigate residual the levels of heavy metals in rice grain and soils of "Top-Rice" and common rice cultivation areas from 2005 to 2007. Soil and rice grain samples were taken from 33 "Top-rice" areas and neighboring paddies, and analyzed for the elements using ICP-OES and ICP-TOF-MS after acid digestion. A concentration of arsenic in paddy soil was 1.33 mg/kg which was below 1/5-1/11 fold of the threshold levels(concern: 4 mg/kg, action: 10 mg/kg), and paddy soil was 0.06 mg/kg of Cd(cadmium) being below 1/25-1/67 fold of the limits(concern: 1.5 mg/kg, action: 4 mg/kg). A level of Cu(copper) in paddy soil was 4.57 mg/kg which was below 1/11-1/27 fold of the threshold levels(concern: 50 mg/kg, action: 125 mg/kg), and Pb(lead) concentration in paddy soil was found to be a 4.68 mg/kg. In addition, Hg(mercury) concentration in paddy soil was to be a 0.03 mg/kg, which was below 1/131-1/328 fold of the threshold levels(concern: 4 mg/kg, action: 10 mg/kg). The average concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Hg in the polished rice samples were 0.037, 0.043, 0.280, 0.048 and 0.002 mg/kg, respectively. These levels are lower than those of other countries in rice grains. Assuming the rice consumption of 205.7 g/day by total dietary supplements in Korea, the amount of total weekly metal intake of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Hg by polished rice were estimated to be 0.0892, 1.035, 6.712, 1.161 and 0.054 ${\mu}g/kg$ body weigh/week, respectively. The PTWI(%) of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Hg were 5.95(inorganic arsenic), 0.26(total arsenic), 14.79, 0.19, 4.65 and 1.07% estimated to be 0.0892, 1.035, 6.712, 1.161 and 0.054 ${\mu}g/kg$ body weigh/week, respectively. In conclusion, it was appeared that the heavy metals contamination in the brown and polished rice should not be worried in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.450-452
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• 2007

낙동강 중하류지역에 있어서 본류와 주요지천에 있어서의 환경특성과 식생현황을 조사하여 하천관리방안의 기초자료를 마련하고, 본류와 지류의 물리적 특성, 토지이용현황, 수질특성, 토양특성 및 식생 현황을 조사하였다. 조사결과 하천에서 육역으로 갈수록 귀화식물의 유입이 많았는데, 같은 하천이라도 회천의 경우 강가보다 제방부근이 더 높게 나타났고, 상대적으로 사람의 접근이 어려운 낙동강 본류의 매리나 물금지역이 낮게 나타나 귀화식물의 유입은 하천의 형태와 더불어 인간의 접근용이성에도 영향을 많이 받고 있음을 보여주었다. 조사 대상 지역 중 서낙동강 습지와 묵정논 등 습지에서 수생식물의 출현율이 높게 나타나, 이들 지역에 있어서 수생식물을 이용한 하천 수질정화에 있어서 습지의 조성 혹은 관리가 매우 유용할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 조사지역에서의 비소와 크롬의 경우 대부분의 지역에서 토양오염우려기준 이상으로 조사되어 이에 대한 대책이 시급한 것으로 나타났다. 현재와 같은 열약한 수변조건에서 강수시에 범람이나 침식으로 인하여 수체로 유입된 가능성이 매우 높은 것으로 판단되어지며 이를 방지하기 위한 수변녹지의 확보가 절실한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.89-101
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• 2016

This study investigated spectral characteristics of heavy metal contaminated soil samples in the vicinity of abandoned Boksu mine. Heavy metal concentrations including arsenic, lead, zinc, copper and cadmium were analyzed by XRF analysis. As a result, all of the soil samples excluding control sample were over-contaminated based on the counter measure standard. The XRD results revealed that quartz, kaolinite and smectite were detected for all of the soil samples and heavy metals in soil were adsorbed on clay minerals such as kaolinite and smectite. The spectral analyses confirmed that spectral reflectance of near-infrared and shorter portion of shortwave-infrared spectrum decreases as heavy metal concentration increases. Moreover, absorption depths at 2312 nm and 2380 nm, the absorption features of clay minerals, decreases with higher heavy metal concentration indicating adsorption of heavy metal ions with clay minerals. It indicates that spectral features and heavy metal contamination of soil samples have high correlations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

Measures against non-point sources pollution in Saemangeum watershed should be established to control water quality of Saemangeum lake, because non-point sources pollution discharge portions of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) and TP (Total Phosphorous) in the watershed were 68.4 and 61.4%, respectively. In this study, target regions for the non-point sources pollution control were selected to apply BMP (Best Management Practices) for the agricultural area of Saemanguem watershed in terms of TP that caused eutrophication at the lake. Target regions were selected by the NPSI (Non-point source index) that was calculated by the total 12 indexes at the steps of non-point source production, emission and outflow. Weights of the indexes were determined by the watershed management experts oriented AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) analysis. The target region was selected at the unit of Korean basic administrative district 'Dong/Li'. At the results of NPSI calculations through the GIS (Geographical Information System) tools, two sets of 5 regions were selected in the Man-kyung River and Dong-gin River. The main reason for the selected target regions was livestock activity in the district. The results of this study can be useful for implementing the reduction projects of agricultural non-point sources pollution to control water quality in Saemangeum lake.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.861-867
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• 2011

In order to understand the extent of contamination of the sediments on the Mankyoung and Dongjin Rivers flowing into the Saemangeum Reservoir, the concentrations of ignition loss (IL), COD, total nitrogen (T-N), total phosphorus (T-P), and heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn) were measured. The average concentrations of IL, COD, and T-P were 2.40 (${\pm}2.18$)%, 2.97 (${\pm}3.06$) mg/g sediment, 0.370 (${\pm}0.351$) mg/g sediment, respectively, showing the extent of contamination is not serious. However, the concentrations of these parameters in the samples taken in year 2009 were higher than those in year 2008, indicating the contamination of sediments goes on gradually. The concentrations of T-N were in the range of 0.59~13.11 mg/g sediment with variation of locations and seasons. It was determined that the T-N contamination is serious when the concentrations were compared with the dredging guidelines of sediments in the Korean freshwaters, indicating the countermeasures are required to maintain the water quality of the Saemangeum Reservoir. The concentrations of heavy metals except chromium did not exceed the worrisome level of soil contamination stipulated by the Soil Environment Conservation Act of Korea. The high concentration of chromium to be concerned in some samples from the upstream of Mankyoung River requires source analysis and countermeasure to control the contamination.