• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.201-210
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• 2008

The mixing treatment process using lime (CaO) and limestone ($CaCO_3$) as the immobilization amendments was applied for heavy metal contaminated filmland soils around Goro abandoned Zn-mine, Korea in the batch and pilot scale continuous column experiments. For the batch experiments, with the addition of 0.5 wt.% commercialized lime or limestone, leaching concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn from the contaminated filmland soil decreased by 70, 77, 94, and 95 %, respectively, compared to those without amendments. For the continuous pilot scale column experiments, the acryl column (30 cm in length and 20 cm in diameter) was designed and granulated lime and limestone were used. From the results of column experiments, with only 2 wt.% of granulated lime, As, Cd, and Zn leaching concentrations decreased by 63%, 97%, and 98%, respectively. With 2 wt.% of granulated limestone, As leaching concentration reduced from 135.6 to 30.2 ${\mu}g/L$ within 5 months and maintained mostly below 10 ${\mu}g/L$, representing that more than 46% diminution of leaching concentration compared to that without the amendment mixing. For Cd and Zn, their leaching concentrations with only 2 wt.% of limestone mixing decreased by 97%, respectively compared to that without amendment mixing, suggesting that the capability of limestone to immobilize heavy metals in the filmland soil was outstanding and similar to that of lime. From the column experiments, it was investigated that if the efficiency of limestone to immobilize heavy metals from the soil was similar to that of lime, the limestone could be more available to immobilize heavy metals from the soil than lime because of low pH increase and thus less harmful side effect.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.02a
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• pp.51-62
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1996.12a
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• pp.57-71
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• 1996

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.59-70
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• 2002

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2011

The hydroxide precipitation method is appropriate to distinguish free metal ions with complexed metal ions with amino acids. Optimum pH conditions of hydroxide precipitation were investigated using mixed amino acids which have similar composition ratio with hydrolyzed amino acids. When applied to soil samples immobilities of Hg, Cr, and Cu ion with mixed and hydrolyzed amino acids were reasonable. But those of Cd and Zn were not sufficient.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.59-70
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• 2012

In this study, to select the best stabilizer for the heavy metals-contaminated soil from a smelter area during phytoremediation, a plant uptake experiment and a soil stabilization were simultaneously applied using Pteris multifida Poir. and five pre-screened stabilizers(zeolite, Mn dioxide, slag, Ca oxide, and magnetite). The extracted heavy metal was measured and compared using a 3 step sequential extraction for the soil samples. The growth rate of the plant was also evaluated. The stabilizers stabilized heavy metals in soil and reduced the extraction rate. Magnetite and calcium oxide showed better results than other stabilizers. The stabilizers enhanced the growth of the plant. All the heavy metals except for arsenic were concentrated in roots while arsenic was concentrated in leaves of the plant. It is concluded that the stabilizers can minimize the heavy metal release from the contaminated soil during phytoremediation and stimulated the growth of plant. These effects of stabilizers could compensate for some weak points of phytoremediation such as reaching of heavy metals by rainwater.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.973-982
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• 2012

Crop safety in heavy metal contaminated agricultural field has been a critical issue in Korea and various remediation methods are proposed for minimizing heavy metal transfer from soil to crops. The main objective of this research was to evaluate remediation efficiency of two chemical amendments, lime and steel slag, and to decide extractant for assessing bioavailability of heavy metals. In order to select optimum extractant for evaluating bioavailability of heavy metals, four different single extractants, HCl, DTPA, $CaCl_2$, $NH_4NO_3$, and sequential extraction method were examined. Both chemical amendments showed high immobilization effect for Cd (66%, $33.62mg\;kg^{-1}$) and Pb (74%, $27.65mg\;kg^{-1}$) in soil by HCl extractant. In terms of heavy metal concentration in rice grains, concentrations for Cd (77%, $0.023mg\;kg^{-1}$) and Pb (82%, $0.039mg\;kg^{-1}$) decreased, with addition of chemical amendments. HCl, DTPA, and sequential extractant showed the higher correlation between heavy metal concentration in soil and crops than others. These results indicated that they could be used for assessing bioavailability of heavy metals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.167-170
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• 2005

대부분의 폐광산 주변 농경지 토양은 비소 및 여러 중금속으로 오염되어 있으며, 이러한 중금속들의 지속적인 용출에 의해 주변 지하수 오염과 재배 농산물의 중금속 축적이 우려되고 있다. 오염토양에서의 중금속 용출에 의한 오염을 막기 위하여 본 연구에서는 개량제를 이용한 안정화 공법을 선택하여 하부로 배출되는 중금속의 용출율을 감소시키는 실험을 실시하였다. 생석회(CaO)를 개량제로 이용하여 실제 오염 농경지 현장과 비슷한 대형칼럼을 제작한 후 인공강우를 주입, 하부로 용출되는 중금속의 농도를 측정함으로써 생석회 첨가에 의한 용출율 감소를 규명하였다. 개량제를 비오염토와 혼합하여 오염토양 상부에 복토한 것과 오염토와 혼합하여 객토한 칼럼을 각각 제작하였으며 투입되는 생석회의 양도 $2{\sim}10%$로 다양하게 적용 하였고, 첨가된 개량제의 성상도 분말과 입상으로 나누어 실험하였다. 주입하는 인공강우는 연구지역 주변의 10년간의 연 평균 강수량을 토대로 산정하였으며, 복토와 객토를 하지 않은 오염토양도 같은 조건에서 용출을 실시하였다. 실험결과 생석회의 성상에 따른 중금속 용출율의 차이는 없었으며, 개량제 함량은 5%가 적당한 것으로 나타났다. 복토와 객토를 비교하였을 때 용출되는 중금속의 농도는 객토가 복토에 비해 낮아 중금속 용출율 감소효과가 매우 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 중금속의 종류에 따라 용출율 감소의 차이를 나타내었다. 복토법의 경우 As의 용출율은 분말 생석회를 5% 복토한 경우 용출율이 10배 감소하고 Cd의 경우 2%와 5% 복토한 경우 각각 25배와 161배 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. Pb의 경우 생석회로 5%로 복토한 경우 10배정도의 용출율 감소를 보였고 Zn의 용출율은 분말, 입상 생석회를 5% 복토한 경우 80배$\sim$155배 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 객토법의 경우 입상생석회를 5% 복토한 경우 Cd과 Zn 각각 200배에서 400배의 용출율 감소를 나타내었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.147-149
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• 2017

경수 용기재배는 뿌리분의 손상 없이 식재를 할 수 있어 이식 후 활착이 용이하고, 식재시기의 계절적 제약을 적게 받아 부적기 이식 시 하자를 현저히 줄일 수 있다. 용기재배 시 용기 내 토양온도는 토양의 물리화학반응과 식물의 생육 및 물과 양분의 흡수에 영향을 주는 중요한 토양환경요소의 하나이다. 목본성 식물 용기재배의 경우 제한된 근권부의 토양이 외부기온에 의해 불안정할 수 밖에 없다. 재배용기의 유형에 따른 지온의 변화를 측정한 결과 지중재배형의 용기가 단열성능이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 지상재배 방식의 용기 중에서는 Bag in Pot-루트 스커트 형의 용기가 단열성능이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 지중재배방식의 용기와 유사한 용기 내 지온 안정화 정도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 후속 연구에서는 본 연구를 토대로 디자인 개발된 용기의 시제품을 제작하여 테스트하고, 재배농가에 적용가능성을 검토하고자 한다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

Generally abandoned mine soils have serious problems for introducing vegetation such as nutrient deficiency, poor physical properties, and phytotoxicity due to high levels of heavy metals. It is required to improve soil amenity for revegetation. One of its strategies is using organic materials such as compost manure and sludge. The pot experiments was conducted to evaluate the effects of pig manure and municipal sewage sludge on revegetation of mining area soil surface with Artemisia princeps and Zoysia japonica. Application rate of pig manure and municipal sewage sludge was $75{\sim}225$ Mg/ha and $150{\sim}450$ Mg/ha, respectively. The results showed that the application of manure and sludge increased organic matter about two-fold and total nitrogen contents about five-fold of mine soil and improved the growth of plants in all treatments compared to the control. The result of plant tissue analysis showed that both plants accumulate Cd, Cu and Zn in root tissue rather than shoot tissues. Increased sludge application reduced Zn accumulation in both plant tissue. Sequential extraction results indicated that addition of soil amendment induced increment of organically bound fractions of Cu and Zn. Organically bound fraction of Zn was significantly increased from 7.84% to 13.58% in Artemisia princeps planted soil and from 7.84% to 14.16% in Zoysia japonica planted soil, thereby bioavailability of heavy metals was reduced. The results suggested that application of organic materials to mine soil can reduce phytotoxicity of heavy metals and be helpful in introducing successful revegetation.