• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.57-65
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• 2007

Slope collapse occurs mostly at the rainy season or thawing season in Korea. From a engineer point of view, the design criterion in recent of soil slopes during the rainfall have a conservative tendency because a slope stability is evaluated in the condition that ground water level is located in the surface. However, for the rational design of soil slopes during rainfall, the raining conditions and the unsaturated soil characteristics of soil slopes have to be considered. For the unsaturated soil characteristics of soil slopes, the laboratory tests for unsaturated soils and the seepage analyses for the raining conditions have to be performed. Due to these difficulties, a conservative design of soil slopes in the current design criterion has been carried out. In this paper, therefore, a simple design method is proposed. The method is considered to the unsaturated soil characteristics and the results of seepage analysis without numerical analysis. To verify the suggested design method, it is compared with both analysis results by current design criterion and analysis results based on the seepage analysis. Through the comparative study, it was found that the current design criterion has been excessively conservative. Hence, simple design method in this study was evaluated as the rational design for the soil slopes during rainfall.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 2007

Many studies for slope stability studies have indicated that the infiltration of rainwater into a slope decrease the slope stability. In order to minimize damage caused by slope failure, most design codes suggest that the slope stability be analyzed by saturated condition during rainy season. However it would be excessively conservative condition that every soil slope is saturated in rainy season irrespective of rainfall intensity, soil type and slope geometry. In addition, because most soil slopes are in an unsaturated state, it is necessary to consider the unsaturated characteristics of slope. This paper suggests a prediction method of saturation time for the weathered granite soil slopes due to rainfalls. The finite element analysis of transient water flow through unsaturated slope was used to investigate effects of soil-water characteristics, permeability at saturation, slope geometry, and rainfall intensity. From the result of these analyses, the prediction charts considering soil-water characteristics, permeability at saturation, and slope height were proposed in this study. It is possible to the time required to be saturated slope after rainfall.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.512-515
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• 2012

최근의 재해 발생은 하천에 의한 범람, 제방의 붕괴 등에 의한 피해발생보다는 일정지역에 국한적으로 내수배제 불량, 토사유출, 산사태 등으로 인한 피해의 발생이 증가하고 있다. 특히나 도시지역과 신규개발지역을 중심으로 집중호우로 인한 토사유출 등으로 인한 배수로 막힘, 산사태등의 2차적인 피해가 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 2011년의 서울의 우면산 산사태 등과 같은 도시중심에서의 피해와 강원도 등의 신규개발지역에서의 토사로 인해 2차, 3차 피해는 국지적이고 예측이 불가능한 곳에서 발생되고 있다. 이러한 토사유출, 산사태에 의한 예측기법은 최근의 정보기술의 발달로 인해 보다 다양한 방법의 접근들이 시도되고 있으며, 이에 대한 정량적인 평가기법들이 개발되고 적용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 산지지형의 소규모 개발지의 토사재해의 위험성을 평가하기 위하여 GIS 기술을 이용한 사면의 안정성과 산사태 위험성을 평가하는 대표적인 방법으로 Pack et al. (1998)이 제안한 수리적 무한사면 안정모델과 결합하여 사면안정분석을 위해 개발된 SINMAP을 이용하여 소규모 개발지역의 토석류 해석과 사면의 안정성 검토 그리고 범용토양공식을 이용하여 토사유출량을 산정하여 개발지역내 사면 및 토사재해의 위험성을 평가하였다. GIS를 이용한 지형적 특성에 따른 사면의 위험성과 토사유출량 해석 결과를 이용하여 소규모 개발지역의 토사재해의 위험성을 정량적이고 다각적으로 평가하여 재해발생에 따른 위험성을 노출하고 이에 대한 대책 수립에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.108-117
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• 2004

Soil particles from rainfall flow into reservoir and give lots of influence in water quality because the geological conditions and landcover characteristics of Imdong watershed have a weakness against soil loss. Especially, reservoir slant is indicated by the main source area of soil loss. This study selected RUSLE model that could apply GIS and satellite image to evaluate the contribution rate of soil loss in reservoir slant. And we carried out an on-the-spot survey for the range, width and condition of reservoir slant that give much influences to the accuracy of soil loss. As the result of evaluation to the influence of soil loss in reservoir slant, it showed 2.64% in comparison with Imdong watershed. In view of these results, the influence of soil loss in reservoir slant was evaluated in low comparing with Imdong watershed relatively.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.5-11
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• 2008

Seepage induced earthern slope failures occurs in concert with meteorological events when large quantities of groundwater are channeled into slopes through infiltration. The presence of flowing groundwater in earthern slopes can induce ground failures that result in significant property damage and potential loss of life. Seepage induced earthen slope failures represent a serious problem in geotechnical engineering. This research applies existing fluid-solid numerical modeling capabilities to the study and prediction of seepage induced earthen slope failures. Study of the targeted application holds potential for much needed advances in geotechnical engineering analysis technology which could be used to design more effective engineering slope stabilization interventions.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.37-51
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• 2018

The slope failure due to the rainfall infiltration occurs frequently in Korea, since the depth of the weathered residual soil layer is shallow in mountainous region. Depth of the failure surface is shallow and tends to pass near the interface between impermeable bedrock and soil layer. Soil parameters that have a significant impact on the instability of unsaturated slopes due to rainfall infiltration inevitably include large uncertainties. Therefore, this study proposes a probabilistic analysis procedure by Monte Carlo Simulation which considers the hydraulic characteristics and strength characteristics of soil as random variables in order to predict slope failure due to rainfall infiltration. The Green-Ampt infiltration model was modified to reflect the boundary conditions on the slope surface according to the rainfall intensity and the boundary condition of the shallow impermeable bedrock was introduced to predict the stability of unsaturated soil slope with shallow bedrock under constant rainfall intensity. The results of infiltration analysis were used as inputs of infinite slope analysis to calculate the safety factor. The proposed analysis method can be used to calculate the time-dependent failure probability of soil slope due to rainfall infiltration.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.201-201
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• 2011

산지유역의 지표 환경이 급격히 교란된 지역에서 집중 호우가 발생하면, 과대한 토사유출로 인해 하천유역 홍수 재해요인으로 작용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 산불발생지역, 벌목지역, 도로공사지역과 같이 산지환경이 급변한 지역을 토사유출 시험유역으로 운영하였다. 세 개의 시험유역 중에 지표교란이 심각한 도로공사시험유역에서 강우유출 및 토사유출이 가장 크게 발생하였다. 그림 1은 각 시험유역별 강우강도에 따른 첨두유량 관계를 나타낸 것이다. 또한 산불 후 10년이 경과된 급경사 산불시험유역이 벌목시험유역보다 유출 및 토사유출량이 많았다. 벌목시험유역은 벌목이후 잔류물과 빠른 식생회복으로 지표상태가 빠르게 안정화되어 유출 및 토사유출량이 적게 발생하였다. 도로공사 시험유역 나지사면에서 시행된 사면처리 공법 시공 전 후로 토사유출량의 변화가 현저히 크며(그림 2), 이는 공사를 진행하는 중에 적절한 사면관리 처리를 통한 토사유출량 저감이 필요하다는 것을 나타낸다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2001

On the basis of data obtained from forest road collapsed due to a heavy rainfall, this study carried out to evaluate the cutting slope failure factors of forest road by using Quantification theory(II). The results were summarized as follows. The factors on cutting slope failure was ranked in the order of cutting slope length, soil type, aspect, cutting slope gradients and slope gradients. And the slope failure was mainly occurred under such conditions as cutting slope length longer than 8m, soil type with soil, aspect of N, cutting slope gradients steeper than 600 and slope gradients greater than $35{\sim}40^{\circ}$.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2008

In this research, model tests have been performed for researching the seepage characteristics in the finite soil slope during the rainfall using a manufactured rainfall simulator. On the basis of the results, it has been analyzed how to change the seepage characteristics due to the duration time of rainfall. We are found that the pore-water pressure was gradually increased as increasing the duration time of rainfall. Specially, at the beginning of rainfall, the pore-water pressure in the middle surface of slope was measured larger than any point. As increasing the duration time of rainfall, the pore-water pressure at the inner part of slope was increased greatly at the collapse due to infiltrating the pore-water within the slope. In the research, it was not easy to get various test results because measuring instruments are high sensitivity and difficult to handle. For the future, the model test results are needed for the various slope angle.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-64
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• 2000

This paper presents a procedure of calculating a safety factor of the unsaturated slope suffering from the rainfall infiltration. The process of infiltration into a slope due to rainfall and its effect on the behavior of the soil slope are examined by using a two dimensional finite element flow-deformation coupled analysis. A factor of safety is calculated at various elapsed times after the commencement of rainfall as in the following procedure. First, stresses are estimated at each Gaussian point from the coupled finite element analysis. Then, the global stress smoothing method is applied to get a continuous stress field. Based on this stress field, a factor of safety is calculated for a specified slip surface by a stress integration scheme. Then, a search strategy is used to find out a critical slip surface which is associated with the minimum factor of safety. Some numerical examples are analyzed in order to study the effect of hydraulic conductivity on the slope stability during rain-induced infiltration. According to the results, local failure zone can be formed near the slope surface due to inhomogeneous distribution of hydraulic conductivity If the failure zone is once formed, then the region extends until a large amount of slide activates. Therefore the local failure can be neglected no longer in the stability analysis.