• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.384-390
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• 2012

Passive sonars employ DEMON(Detection of Envelope Modulation on Noise) processing to extract propeller information from the radiated noise of underwater targets. However, the conventional DEMON processing suffers from the interference of tonal signals because it extracts propeller signals and some types of tonal signals as well. If there are some tonals in the frequency band for DEMON processing, the conventional DEMON processing may additionally extract frequency informations originated from the interaction between different tonals. In this paper, we propose a modified DEMON processing, which can eliminate the interference of the tonals. The proposed algorithm removes tonals in DEMON processing band before demodulation processing, hence results the robustness to the interference of the tonals. Some numerical simulations demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed algorithm against the conventional algorithm.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.443-450
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• 2018

A receiving array system can be applied for tonal noise analysis of underwater vehicles, but it is difficult to install and operate, and a lot of cost is required. In order to overcome this problem, this paper proposes a method to measure the tonal noise of underwater vehicle after synthesizing a virtual array using single receiver. The proposed method compensates the Doppler frequency and time delay caused by the movement of the underwater sound source and applies the focused beamforming technique. The performance of the proposed method was analyzed via simulation.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2018

Compressive sensing allows recovering an original signal which has a small dimension of the signal compared to the dimension of the entire signal in a short period of time through a small number of observations. In this paper, we proposed a method for detecting tonal signal which caused by the machinery component of a vessel such as an engine, gearbox, and support elements. The tonal signal can be modeled as the sparse signal in the frequency domain when it compares to whole spectrum range. Thus, the target tonal signal can be estimated by S-OMP (Simultaneous-Orthogonal Matching Pursuit) which is one of the sparse signal recovery algorithms. In simulation section, we showed that S-OMP algorithm estimated more precise frequencies than the conventional FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) thresholding algorithm in low SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) region.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.229-237
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• 2017

In this paper we propose an auto tonal detection method which exploits short term stationary when targets located in a detection beam area and then additional methods are proposed in order to reduce the computational complexity of the proposed method. The proposed method is adaptive to input signals and robust against interference caused by multiple targets because it compares an expected value of input signals with a threshold value which are estimated from a single beam while signals are keep stationary. The performances of the proposed methods are evaluated using by simulated data and acquired data from real ocean. The proposed method has shown better performance than conventional CFAR (Constant False Alarm Rate) methods.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.543-548
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• 2019

The tonal signal caused by the machinery component of a vessel such as an engine, gearbox, and support elements, can be modeled as a sparse signal in the frequency domain. Recently, compressive sensing based techniques that recover an original signal using a small number of measurements in a short period of time, have been applied for the tonal frequency detection. These techniques, however, cannot avoid a basis mismatch error caused by the discretization of the frequency domain. In this paper, we propose a method to detect the tonal frequency with a small number of measurements in the continuous domain by using the atomic norm minimization technique. From the simulation results, we demonstrate that the proposed technique outperforms conventional methods in terms of the exact recovery ratio and mean square error.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.78-83
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• 2000

Passive sonar system is designed to classify the underwater targets by analyzing and comparing the various acoustic characteristics such as signal strength, bandwidth, number of tonals and relationship of tonals from the extracted tonals and frequency lines. First of all the precise detection and extraction of signal frequency lines is of particular importance for enhancing the reliability of target classification. But, the narrowband frequency lines which are the line formed in spectrogram by a tonal of constant frequency in each frame can be detected weakly or discontinuously because of the variation of signal strength and transmission loss in the sea. Also, it is very difficult to detect and extract precisely the signal frequency lines by the complexity of impulsive ambient noise and signal components. In this paper, the automatic detection and extraction method that can detect and extract the signal components of frequency tines precisely are proposed. The proposed method can be applied under the bad conditions with weak signal strength and high ambient noise. It is confirmed by the simulation using real underwater target data.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.541-544
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• 2002

피치 (pitch)는 주파수와 관련된 인간이 실제 느끼는 음의 높이로 라우드니스 (loudness), 음색 (timbre)과 함께 소리의 음질을 결정하는 중요한 요소로 알려져 있다. 이러한 피치는 음성 해석 및 분리를 위해 많은 연구가 이루어진 반면 소음 분석 및 음질 향상을 위한 방향으로의 연구는 부족한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 기저막 (basilar membrane)의 위치에 따른 주파수 분리 이론인 위치이론 (place theory)을 기본으로 한 기존의 가상 피치 (virtual pitch) 분석 알고리즘을 소음에 적용하기 위해서 수정하고, 절러가지 소음에 적용하였다. 본 연구에서의 알고리즘은 소음의 주파수 특성에 의존한 방법이기 때문에, 토널 (tonal) 성분이 존재하는 소음의 적용에는 적합한 결과를 나타냈지만, 그 이외의 소음에 대해서는 정확한 분석이 어렵다. 따라서 기본 주파수 (fundamental frequency)와 이와 관련된 고조파음(harmonics)이 음질에 중요한 영향을 미치는 소음의 음질 해석 린 음질 향상을 위해 본 연구의 알고리즘에 의한 피치 분석과 기존의 음질 인자를 적용하면 보다 효율적인 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것이다. 이런 소음의 예로는 엔진의 부밍 소음이나 기어 whine 소음 등이다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2024

This paper proposes a method to improve the performance of ship identification through lofargram analysis of ship noise by applying the Hough Transform to a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model. When processing the signals received by a passive sonar, the time-frequency domain representation known as lofargram is generated. The machinery noise radiated by ships appears as tonal signals on the lofargram, and the class of the ship can be specified by analyzing it. However, analyzing lofargram is a specialized and time-consuming task performed by well-trained analysts. Additionally, the analysis for target identification is very challenging because the lofargram also displays various background noises due to the characteristics of the underwater environment. To address this issue, the Hough Transform is applied to the lofargram to add lines, thereby emphasizing the tonal signals. As a result of identification using CNN models on both the original lofargrams and the lofargrams with Hough transform, it is shown that the application of the Hough transform improves lofargram identification performance, as indicated by increased accuracy and macro F1 scores for three different CNN models.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.286-292
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• 2007

The dominant source of noise in a sea-connected piping system is usually due to a seawater cooling pump which circulates seawater to operate onboard equipments normally, and so its water-borne noise with some tonal frequencies should be reduced using proper silencers. In order to obtain the transmission loss of water-borne noise silencers experimentally the present paper suggests a transfer function technique that acoustic wave in the piping system is decomposed into its incident and transmitted components when the reflection at the termination of the system exists. Good agreement in the interested frequency range with theory and the proposed technique shows the validity of the technique.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.491-492
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• 2004

선박의 수중방사소음은 다양한 기계류나 추진기 흑은 선체와 유체간의 상호 작용으로 인하여 여러 형태의 특성신호로 나타나며, 속력 종속적인 추진계통 신호 성분과 비종속적인 보기류 신호 성분이 혼재되어 다수의 신호성분으로 나타난다. 또한 토널 신호의 세기와 바다의 음향 전달 특성 등으로 인하여 신호가 미약하게 되거나 끊어져서 불연속하게 나타나기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 점을 해결하기 위해 선박의 Tonal성 신호를 자동으로 탐지하고 분류하기 위해 스펙트로그램 상에서 연속되는 신호에 가중치를 주어 지속성 신호여부를 판별한 후에 정해진 임계치를 초과하는 성분을 Tonal로 선정하였으며, 선정된 Tonal 신호의 발생 기원이 속력 종속/비종속적인지를 자동으로 판별하는 알고리즘을 실제 선박 방사소음에 대해 적용한 결과에 대해 보고한다.