• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 1999

Conservation treatment was done for the pottery-stand of Kaya period which was to be exhibited in celebration of the opening of Kimhae National Museum and for the jar of Chinese celadon which was to be exhibited in Korea National Museum's special exhibition "Formation of Ancient States". Through the examinations by naked eyes and under the microscope, condition before treatment, patterns and manufacturing techniques of the objects were observed. According to these examinations, conservation treatments, suitable for each object was finished. As the pottery-stand was damaged severely, the epoxy resin was pasted directly on the broken surface of the pottery to restore the original shape and pattern, color and feeling similar to original state were given to the restored area. Although same restoration material was applied on the celadon, it was not pasted directly on the broken surface of the celadon so that the restored area could be dismantled, and color and feeling were also treated somewhat differently.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2014

This study is conducted to investigate mineralogical characteristics and estimate firing temperature and condition of earthenwares in the 5-6th Century which are found at ancient tombs in Gyo-dong, Gyo-ri, Changnyeong-eup, Changnyeong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, TKorea by applying petrological methods. For this study, mineralogical analysis, microtexture observation and chemical analysis were conducted. According to observations using a polarization microscope, the potshreds are mainly composed of quartz and feldspar and consist of some felsic volcanics, tempers, opaques and mullite, hematite and spinel were found under XRD and FTIR analysis. The flow pastes are observed in many potshreds, and it indicate that this textures made by the mixing process or the pottery made from the mixture of 2 sorts of clays at least. They dose not show the features of the potshreds firing under temperature of $1,200-1,300^{\circ}C$ rather than the earthenware firing under relatively low temperature of $1,000^{\circ}C$ approximately because of the existence of a number of pores and the crystals of the specific minerals. The growths mostly of mullite on the surface and into the cracks of the potshreds indicate that the firing condition was not uniform to make even temperature and oxidation. Most of the pottery shreds have felsic volcanic fragments and some of them have cristobalite which is formed at the temperature of more than 1,470^{\circ}C$. But considering the estimated firing temperature, these are not formed during firing but included in the original clay.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.14
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• pp.23-28
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• 2013

This paper aimed to show the whole conservation process of the human shaped terra cotta mask that was excavated from one of construction sites at Jungcheon-ri, Geumsan-myeon, Jinju. This mask was X-rayed to get the correct making techniques and there are 4 holes on the top of the head and each diameter of the 3 holes is exact and the other hole is different from the three. The long and sharp shape of the nose is in trapezoid which was separately made with clay and put on (the face). It's found that there are round grooves each around upper and down lips. (upper in length: 10mm, down in length: 6 mm). All restoring materials and adhesives used for restoration to associate each piece are reversibility materials. According to a few points on buried bones of animals distributed around the sites, holes and grooves on the top of the head, ears and teeth to wear something, it academically presumes that this mask could be possibly used for the group ritual. Especially, the whole procedure from excavation to scientific conservation process resulted to have a special exhibition to give the public new eyes how the exhibition realizes to the public.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.20
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• pp.67-80
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• 2007

Icheon Seolbong fortress is located in Saum-dong, Icheon, Gyeonggi-do Province that its date is founded as 4th century of Bakjae dynasty after excavation by Dankook university museum. Excavated artifacts show various kinds such as earthenwares, ceramics, metal artifacts and so on. Especially many iron artifacts were founded in where Bakjae earthenwares were found that it indicates iron artifacts were manufactured in Bakjae Dynasty. From 6 iron sickles, called Beollat and Millet, samples were taken to examine mircostructures and from the results used iron material, shape-forging, steel-making process, heat treatment were investigated. From this late 4th century Bakjae dynasty iron manufacture profess was established. From the result, different treatment were used in different area of the sickles according to the its use. Beollats were quenched in blade and it was used for special purpose that require Intensity. Millats did not have special treatment that it was used to cut rice plant and plant. Used material was steel, steel was previously made by certain steel-making process. It is formed to produce iron ware and the area where intensity is required heat treatment was employed to make it strong. From the investigation it is derived that iron ware manufacture process in Bakjae dynasty is steel making$\rightarrow$shape-forging$\rightarrow$and heat treatment.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.163-179
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• 2011

This study was to identify the material characteristics and provenance of the crucibles, potteries and roof tiles from the Wonsinheungdong site in Daejeon, Korea. Similar mineral composition of each samples showed by microscopic observation and X-ray diffraction analysis. However, wall thickness and mineral characterization of each ceramic artifacts are quite different. The pottery is characterized by thin wall with 0.5 to 0.7 cm and fine grained clay matrix. While the crucible and roof tile has thick wall with 1.3 to 2.5 cm, poorly sorted texture of many quarz, orthoclase and plagioclase whithin ceramic fabric. And large elonagated voids formed by hydrocarbone of straw during the firing and loose matrix obseved in crucible. All ceramic samples and ground soil of the site show similar mineralogical characteristics geochemical behavior and clay-mineralization degree. This indicates making that the soil is probable to be a raw material of all ceramic from the Wonsinheungdong site. Also, firing temperature of most ceramic artifacts are estimated as 850 of all ceramic from the Wonsinheungdong site. Also, firing temperature of most ceramic artifacts are estimated as 850 to $950^{\circ}C$ but hardest pottery fired high temperature between 1,050 to $1,150^{\circ}C$. The vitreous molten materials interpreted in slag included segregation of copper and tin. But it can not exclude the possibility that the glass molten material because observed reddish and greenish vitreous fine structure under microscopic.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.57
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• pp.129-144
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• 2001

The roof-end tile among Korean old roof tiles has been recognized as a short cut to the study of roof tiles. Because the roof-end tile was stamped out with the design in fashion or preferred by the people at that time. So many researchers and scholars hav

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.86-111
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• 2011

Wan is a tableware in which boiled rice or soup, side dish are put, and it is a representative model which shows the development of personal tableware. From the establishing period of Hanseong Baekje, the form of wan which is Jung-do Style(中島式) Plain Pottery of previous period Proto-Three Kingdoms Period was succeeded to, but wan is produced and used as a wan baked in the kiln, which is far development of the producing technique including hardness and clay. By and large, the size of $0.3{\sim}0.4{\ell}$ was the majority and the production technique of wan which used carefully selected soft quality clay are largely confirmed to be two methods which are, first, basic method by which on a clay tablet on the rotating table, clay band is accumulated and moulding is finished, and second, the new method which had the same basic moulding as that of basic method but in the last stage takes wan off the rotating table and reverse it to trim the bottom and remove the angle of flat bottom. The former, basic production method is the classical production method since wan of Jung-do Style Plain Pottery and wan was produced and used for all periods of Hanseong Baekje. On the other hand, the latter is the production method obtained through form imitation of China made porcelain flowed into through interchange between Baekje and China, and through comparison with Chinese chronogram material it is estimated to have been produced and used after middle of 4th century. Therefore it can be known that the Baekje people's demand for China made articles was big and imitation pottery was produced and used with Baekje pottery. In addition, bowl with outward mouth are confirmed in multiple number in Lakrang(樂浪) pottery wan and it is assumed that wan was the form produced under the influence.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.12
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• pp.71-76
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• 2011

This study examined characteristics and structure of earthen Janggu that were excavated from Jeollabuk-do and other regions, and it described conservation process of earthen Janggu that were excavated from Samsanyujeok Jeonju. Earthen Janggu that were excavated from Samsanyujeok were destroyed and lost by more than one third, and they were thought to make use of them at living lives. We take an x-ray of center of the Janggu for inspect production technique and, destroyed area of the Janggu was recovered by making recovery frame made by plaster and using epoxy series CDK-520. After recovery, acrylic paint was used to do color matching and to get rid of sense of difference of the area that was recovered and remained.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.11
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• pp.53-60
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• 2010

In this paper, key features of an excavated submarine article and general process of its conservation will be introduced. First, the conservation process of removing salt from an excavated submarine article was done by desalting stage, and the X-Ray photographing was done for its inner and outer damage detection. The process of making a restoration mold with the beeswax for the broken part, making restoration material with fillers and grinded broken pieces of earthen ware have similar color and quality, and color matching distinguishable for the naked eye after the whole conservation process have been finished.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.60
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• pp.101-120
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• 2002

The floor tile on a coated green-glass was excavated from the Beobgwangsa Temple Site in the Pohang City. We analyzed using the MXRD, ICP-AES, EDXRF, TG/DTA and TIMS. As a result of microscope analysis, it was composed of quartz, feldspar and clay particl