• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.18 no.2 s.29
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• pp.1-19
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• 2005

통과대명대저명의가(通過對明代著名醫家), 온보파창시자설기(溫補派創始者薛己)$(1487{\sim}1559)$적생애화의학사상(的生涯和醫學思想), 득출여하결론(得出如下結論): 설기생여의학세가(薛己生於醫學世家), 종소학습유학화의학(從小學習儒學和醫學), 기부사후(其父死後), 체부진입태의원성료의사(替父進入太醫院成了醫士), 지후선후역임태의원이목(之後先後歷任太醫院吏目), 남경태의원원판(南京太醫院院判), 원사등직(院使等職), 병어1540년(44세)기관회향(幷於1540年(44歲)棄官回鄕), 전심여치료환자여저술(專心於治療患者與著述). 설기적저작대부분내(薛己的著作大部分內) 용이의안형식서사(容以醫案形式書寫), 기내용포함내과(其內容包含內科), 외과(外科), 부산과(婦産科), 소아과(小兒科), 침구과(鍼灸科), 치과(齒科), 안과(眼科), 골과(骨科), 본초등(本草等). 기본인친(其本人親) 자저술적유이(自著述的有以)${\ulcorner}$내과적요(內科摘要)${\lrcorner}$위시약12종(爲始約12種), 교주적유이(校注的有以)${\ulcorner}$부인대전양방(婦人大全良方)${\lrcorner}$위시8종(爲始8種), 교감적의서약유6종(校勘的醫書約有6種), 공계대약(共計大約) 유26종지다(有26種之多). 설기수(薛己受)${\ulcorner}$내경(內經)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$난경(難經)${\lrcorner}$급장원소화금원사대가적영향교심(及張元素和金元四大家的影響較深). 재사대가중(在四大家中), 우기수동원화단계적영향최심(尤其受東垣和丹溪的影響最深). 차외(此外), 가지기수교주의서적영향역교대(可知其受校注醫書的影響亦較大), 기통과박람군서(其通過博覽群書), 대담실천(大膽實踐), 광수자료(廣收資料), 선우총결(善于總結), 최종성료일명의가(最終成了一名醫家). 설기수이동원(薛己受李東垣)${\ulcorner}$비위론(脾胃論)${\lrcorner}$적영향(的影響), 강조비위적중요성(强調脾胃的重要性), 병수차제출비통혈적이론(幷首次提出脾統血的理論) 기여이동원적학설부동지처시(其與李東垣的學說不同之處是), 재치료화쇠토약형허한증시(在治療火衰土弱型虛寒證時), 주장이보화생토지법내치료(主張以補火生土之法來治療), 인위비여신적생리작용호위관련(認爲脾與腎的生理作用互爲關聯), 비토화생정미(脾土化生精微), 이자양신여명문(以滋養腎與命門) 반과래(反過來), 신여명문역대위토기온후작용(腎與命門亦對緯土起溫煦作用); 이재병리방면(而在病理方面), 비토구허(脾土久虛), 가치신허(可致腎虛), 신허즉불능생토(腎虛則不能生土), 역가치비허(亦可致脾虛). 설기적극반대명대의가수금원지유풍(薛己積極反對明代醫家受金元之遺風), 이한양약공하(以寒凉藥攻下), 혹남용지백이강화(或濫用知柏以降火), 극벌생기적작법(克伐生氣的作法), 이주장용편온적약물진행조보(而主張用偏溫的藥物進行調補), 기상용적전인처방유보중익기탕(其常用的前人處方有補中益氣湯), 사물탕(四物湯), 사군자탕(四君子湯), 육군자탕(六君子湯), 독삼탕(獨蔘湯), 삼부탕(蔘附湯), 육미환(六味丸), 팔미환(八味丸), 신기환(腎氣丸), 회양탕(回陽湯), 당귀보혈탕등(當歸補血湯等).

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 2020

Stormwater runoff is known as a major non-point water pollution source that transports heavy metals, which have accumulated in road surface, to stream and coastal area. Dissolved and particulate metals in stormwater runoffs have been investigated to understand the outflow characteristics of heavy metals during rainfall events and to identify their pollution sources. The concentration of dissolved Co and Ni decreased after the outflow with high concentrations at the beginning of the rainfall, and other metals showed different characteristics depending on the rainfall and rate of discharge. Particulate metals showed a similar trend with the temporal variation of suspended solids concentration in stormwater runoffs. The results of geo-accumulation index (I_geo) indicated that the stormwater runoffs from industrial region were very highly polluted with Cu, Zn and Cd. As a result of comparing the metal concentrations of <125 ㎛ for road dust near the study area, Cu, Zn and Cd were originated from inside of metal manufacturing facilities rather than traffic activities at road surface and these metals accumulated on the surface area of facilities were transported to the water environments during stormwater event. The average discharged amounts of heavy metals for one rainfall event were Cr 128 g, Co 12.35 g, Ni 98.5 g, Cu 607.5 g, Zn 8,429.5 g, As 6.95 g, Cd 3.7 g, Pb 251.75 g, indicating that metal runoff loads in the stormwater runoffs are closely related to surrounding industry types.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.8
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• pp.61-63
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• 1967

1. This experiment was carried out, as part of virgin soil application project conducted by Chung Buk Province in 1966, to determine the effect of application of field red soil to rice paddy for enhancing the fertility of sterile paddy soil. 2. This applied field soil from the mountain near Chung Buk College contains 1.31% of active iron. 3. The plots of 15,000 kg, 22,500 kg, 30,000 kg, and 7,500 kg had increased yields of 11%, 9%, 8%, and 6% in weight of unhulled rice, respectively. 4. Although any significance was not recognized among the levels of treatment at 5% level in F test, the plot of 15,000 kg was highly significant, and those of 22,500 kg and 30,000 kg significant, where as that of 7,500 kg was non-significant compared with the control. 5. It seems that the most effective amount of application is 15,000 kg/10 a in this experiment. 6. The infection rate of rice blast and neck rot decreased with the increased amount of application.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-57
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• 1977

Seasenal absorption of inorganic nutrients and dry matter Production were studied with four-year-old ginseng plant. The residuary amounts of the nutrients supplied to ginseng Plantation were decreased with lime elapsed. The decreasing rate was greater in chemical plots than in Yacto Plots. The amounts of manure applied in this current year and growth in dry matter production of ginseng showed no signficant difference. The amounts of mineral nutrients per unit dry matter were proportional to the amounts of supplied with chemical fertilizer in the early period of growing season but with Yacto in the late season of growing. Seasonal changes of nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium contents per unit dry weight in each organ were high in the middle of May. They decreased sharply in the middle of June and then slowly decreased in both leaves and stems but gradually increased in roots. The absorption ratio of nitrogen to Phosphorus (N/P) was high, and that of nitrogen to Potassium (N/K) was few. The amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and Potassium in leaves became lower with increasing the relative light intensity, but in stems, the concentrations were different with the kind of mineral nutrients. The requisite amounts of mineral nutrient of ginseng plant were 8.3∼9.9 kg of nitrogen, 1.2∼1.5 kg of phosphorus, 6.4∼7.9 kg of potassium Per 10 a for five years.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.51-67
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• 2002

In order to understand behaviors of heavy metals around the artificial Lake Shihwa in the vicinity of Kyunggi Bay in Korea in relation with huge environmental changes due to construction of huge artificial lake, water samples were collected from Lake Shihwa and its tributaries from 1996 to 1998 and analyzed. Due to extreme pollutant discharge from various kinds of anthropogenic sources such as the Banweol and Shihwa Industrial Complexes and cities, the Shihwa and its tributaries have been polluted in waters with various heavy metals. The enrichment factors of particulate heavy metals in water of streams and storm sewers were very high. All of the heavy metals observed in the waters showed relatively high temporal and spatial variations. In surface waters of the lake during the desalination after the dike establishment, spatial distributions of heavy metal concentrations were mainly controlled by various biogeochemical factors as well as input of industrial and municipal wastewaters, while, physical mixing was minor factor Pb and Co showed a strong affinity to particle phase, however the affinity to dissolved phase was dominated in Ni, Cu and Cd. Water quality of the artificial Lake Shihwa has been deteriorated by direct discharge of untreated wastewater and heavy metals have been accumulated in the lake system. Therefore, luther environmental improvement plan should be programmed subsequently.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 2021

As a result of examining the germination rate between ginseng varieties, Jagyongjong varieties had the highest germination rate, and Yeonpung. had the lowest germination rate. In the ginseng seed germination rate experiment, the highest germination rate and growth condition were shown in artificial soil conditions of the ratio of Peatmoss 6.5: Pearlite 2: Masato 1.5. Good soil conditions require adequate soil moisture forces during the incubation period. The cultivation of ginseng medicinal crops requires optimal soil breathability, soil pH, and soil stabilization, which are important for root breathing. Microbial activity in the soil has a great influence on the growth of ginseng. The optimum pH of the soil for ginseng cultivation is 5.0-5.5 As a result of the experiment, the soil remained in an appropriate range after a month. In general, when the EC concentration value of the soil for ginseng cultivation is 0.2 mS/cm or more, growth deteriorates, and when the EC concentration value is 0.5 mS/cm or more, concentration obstacles such as root decay occur. As a result of the analysis, the higher the concentration value of EC, the more likely it is to interfere with ginseng growth.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2012

Improving the physico-chemical properties of used media by mixing ratio of new plug media (NPM), used plug media (UPM) and perlite is necessary to improve seedling quality. In this study, five treatments were designed to investigate mixing ratio of UPM and NPM by ratio of volume 0 : 100, 25 : 75, 50 : 50, 75 : 25, 100 : 0, respectively. On the other hand, nine treatments were designed to investigate of perlite volumes were added to UPM and mixed media (UPM : NPM (50 : 50)) with 0, 5, 10, and 20% of ratio volume. The physicochemical properties of all mediums and their effect on growth response of tomato and cucumber seedlings were determined. The result indicates that physical properties was improved when NPM was mixed with UPM and at mixed ratio of volume 50 : 50 (v : v) has similar pore spare, bulk density and water retention to NPM. Seedling quality of tomato and cucumber in mixed media (50 : 50) are better than other mixed ratio and similar to NPM. Addition perlite to UPM and mixed media 50 : 50 (v : v) increased the pore space and water retention. Physical properties such as particle density, pore space and bulk density were increased when perlite volume increased. However, the best of seedling quality was observed by the addition at 10% volume of perlite. These results suggested that optimum of mixed ratio for recycled used media is new media and used media 1 : 1 mixed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.283-296
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• 2014

The distribution of heavy metals in the stormwater runoffs from industrial sites around Shihwa Lake that implements the total pollutant load management system (TPLMS) was studied to characterize the temporal changes of metal concentrations and to assess the ecological risk in dissolved and particulate phases of the selected metals. The dissolved Co and Ni concentration demonstrated first flush and tended to decrease with increasing of the duration of rainfall. The intensity of precipitation was found to be the main controlling factor of particulate metals in the stromwater runoffs. The particulate concentration of Pb accounted for 97.2% so the particulate phase was its main form. Other metals followed the sequence: Pb>Cu>Cd>Co>Zn>Ni. The particulate-dissolved partitioning coefficient ($K_d$) indicated that the $K_d$ of Pb were bigger than that of other metals because the metal Pb in the stormwater runoffs is quickly removed into the particulate phase. In a single day rainfall event, total runoff fluxes for total metals as the sum of dissolved and particulate forms through only two sewer outlets were 2.21 kg for Co, 30.5 kg for Ni, 278.3 kg for Cu, 398.3 kg for Zn, 0.39 kg for Cd and 40.0 kg for Pb, respectively. Given the annual rainfall, the number of rain days and the basin area for total pollutant load management system (TPLMS) of Shihwa area, enormous amount of non-point metal pollutants were entered into Lake with any treatment. The dissolved metals (e.g., Ni, Cu and Zn) in the stormwater runoffs exceeded the acute water quality criteria. Additionally, all metals were significantly enriched in the particulate phase and exceeded the PEL criteria of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). These results indicated that the heavy metals in the stormwater runoffs may pose a very high ecological risk to the coastal environments and ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.301-305
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• 1995

This study was conducted to find out the changes of soil physical properties and rice growth by the different soil prepartion, such as direct seeding in dry or submerged condition, tillage or no-tillage, and transplanting the infant seedlings. Soil bulk density and hardness were higher in no-tillage plots than tillage plots, and in dry-seeding plots than submerged seeding plots. Permeability of no-tillage plot was increased 56% and water requirement was also increased 27% compare to the conventional transplanting condition. In no-tillage plot, the soil water contents were so rapidly decreased that easily changed to optimum condition for machinery working. The root growth of rice was inhibited as increasing the soil bulk density at early stage, bottom of culm in no-tillage submerged plot was located 0.9cm above the soil surface and the rice plant slightly lodged. The root distribution of surface layer was higher in no-tillage plot and the heading date was 2 days earlier in no-tillage plots than tillage plots, and 3 days earlier in dry seeding plot than submerged seeding plot. Rice yields of no-tillage plots were 5.55 M/T/ha and 5.16 M/T/ha for dry and submerged seeding respectively. These yields were lower about 12.1 % in dry seeding and 18.3% in submerged seeding compare with 6.31M/T/ha of transplanting plot. Rice yields were higher at dry seeding than submerged seeding in no-tillage condition, but in tillage condition, the rice yields were better at submerged seeding plot than dry one.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.70 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1985

The purpose of this experiment lies in finding the most appropriate cutting condition of Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc. which has been considered valuable tree species in gardening. Statistical analysis was focused on the comparison of the average ratios of rooting between greenhouses and fields, based on the observation rooted autogenis. To conduct this survey, hardwood cutting of Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc. were performed at both places of experiment above on April 20, 1982 with rooting results calculated on October 31, 1982. After formation of cuttings, it was soaked in IBA 200 ppm for 12 hours and than put in a bed. A summary of the result is presented as follows; 1) Cutting at the greenhouse showed higher average rate of rooting than at fields. Same tendency was found regardless of the differences in treatment. 2) It was clear that IBA-treatment contributed remarkably to causing higher average rooting rate. As an evidence, when twenty centimeter cuttings were inserted sandy media, IBA-treated area resulted in eighty six percent of average rooting rate, as compared with only twenty three percent in nontreatment case. In case of field cutting, IBA-treatment brought about fifty three percent of rooting in comparison with eleven percent nontreatment. 3) When sandy soil, loam and brown soil were separately used as cutting media, the highest rooting rate was found in case of sandy soil, without any difference between the two experimental places above. 4) As a result of the analysis to seek the impact of the length of cuttings on rooting, the range of length form fifteen to twenty centimeter was apparently most appropriate. It was also found that the rate of rooting declined beyond twenty five centimeter. 5) Two kinds of rooting pattern were observed. One was the case that callus cell lump was created on the lower cut side of cuttings. Importantly, root radical were formed inside the lump to influence the germination of root system. The other relates to the case that adventitious root which look like lateral roots appeared at the stem region. In abstract, first, sandy soil was effectively recommended in case of hardwood cutting in April. Second, the most appropriate length of cuttings ranged between fifteen and twenty centimeters. Third, high density IBA treatment was clearly effective. Forth, for proper environmental management, both pre-disinfection of sail by sterilizer and maintenance of high relative humidity were essentially required.