• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.473-479
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• 2002

The estimation of the volume of a pit excavation is often required in many surveying, soil mechanics, highway applications and transportation engineering situations. The calculation of earthwork plays a major role in plan or design of many civil engineering projects such as seashore reclamation, and thus it has become very important to improve the accuracy of earthwork calculation. In this paper the spot height method, proposed formulas(A, B, C), and chen and Line method are compared with the volumes of the pits in these examples. And we proposed an algorithm of finding a terrain surface with the free boundary conditions and both direction spline method drawback, i.e., the modeling curves form peak points at the joints. To avoid this drawback, the cubic spline polynomial was chosen as the methematical model of the new method. From the characteristics of the cubic spline polynomial, the modeling curve of the new method was smooth and matched the ground profile well. As a result of this study, algorithm of proposed three methods to estimate pit excavation volume provided a better accuracy than spot height, chamber, chen and Lin method. And the mathematical model mentioned makes is thought to give a maximum acccuracy in estimating the volume of a pit excavation.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.2D
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• pp.171-179
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• 2010

The purpose of the present study is to suggest composing the graph topology of sketch drawing element and the recognition of the shape pattern for the earthwork quantity calculation. The algorithm which can extract the topology element such as vertex, edge, face and establish the relation between each topology was developed. The model which can define earthwork graph and recognize the shape pattern of earthwork was presented. As a result of the study, the shape pattern of earthwork that can't be calculated by existing earthwork calculation program could be recognized as expanding this model. The earthwork shape recognition automation using the graph topology model can be applied to the automation for the earthwork quantity estimation.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.37-43
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• 2002

The calculation of earthwork plays a major role in the plan or design phase of many civil engineering projects, such as seashore reclamation; and thus, it has become very important to improve upon its accuracy. There have been common drawbacks to earlier methods of ground profiling, such as dialing with sharp corners or the grid points of any tow straight lines. In this paper, we prepose an algorithm for finding a terrain surface using the natural boundary conditions and the both direction spline method, which interpolates the given three-dimensional data by using spline. As a result of this study, the algorithm of the proposed two methods to estimate pit excavation volume should provide a better accuracy than Spot height, Chambers, Chen, or Lin method. Also, the mathematical model mentioned offers maximum accuracy in estimating the volume of a pit excavation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.305-313
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• 2000

The calculation of earthwork plays a major role in plan or design of many civil engineering projects, and thus it has become very important to advanced the accuracy of earthwork calculation. Current methods used for estimating the volume of pit excavation assumes that the ground profile between the grid points is linear(trapezoidal rule), or nonlinear(simpson's formulas). Generally speaking. the nonlinear profile formulas provide better accuracy than the linear profile formulas. However, all the formulas mentioned have a common drawback to ground profile, such as sharp corners or the grid points of any two straight lines. In this paper, mathematical model for a searching examination the drawbacks of the current methods is presented. Also, the presented formular, the spot height method, and chamber formulas, chen and lin method are compared with the volumes of the pits in these examples. As a result of this study, algorithm of a proposal area formula by spline method should provide a better accuracy than the spot height method, chamber formulas, chen and lin method. The mathematical model mentioned make an offer maximum accuracy in estimating the volume of a pit excavation.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 1979

현재 실용테라스 (Terrace) 축조비용의 추정은 단위 테라스장이나 이동토양의 단가에 근거하고 있다. 그런, 근래 l국의 옥수수 지대 (corn belt)에서 널리 이용되고 있는 평행형 테라스의 경우 각 지점마다 성토 및 절토양이 다르기 때문에 이들 방법은 적합하지 않다. 이들 테라스의 경우 테라스장을 따라 토양의 이동이 불가피하므로 차륜형 자적식 스크레이퍼(scraper)가 테라스 축조에 널리 사용되고 있다. 본연구의 목적은 테라스 축조기계의 운행거리에 근거하여 테라스 축조시의 토공비용을 추정하기 위한 새로운 방법을 개발하는데 있었다. 테라스 축조시 토공작업은 전적으로 스크레이퍼에 의해서 , 그리고 테라스 경호장의 마무리 작업은 모트그레이터 (motor grader )에 의하여 수행되는 것을 가정하였다. 이들 기계의 세부적인 수행동작은 테라스 각지점에서의 절토와 성토량 및 이들 토양의 처리를 디지털 컴퓨터(digital computer)를 이용하므로서 계산할 수 있었다. 또한 테라스 축조에 소요되는 토양은 전적으로 테라스 수로부문에서 절취하는 것으로 가정하였다. (즉, 테라스 전장의 총절토양 과 총성토양은 같음) 연구결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 성토 및 절토양이 균형된 테라스에 있어서는 스크레이퍼의 운행거리에 근거하여 토공비용을 추정할 수 있는 방법의 개발이 가능하다. 2. 스크레이퍼의 수행구간, 회수 및 토공비용을 결정하기 위해서는 컴퓨터 방법을 이용하는 것이 필요하다. 3. 새로운 컴퓨터 모델은 예시의 테라스에 적용한 결과 테라스 토공비용을 추정하는 데 적합함을 보여주었다. 4. 이 방법은 테라스 축조에 있어서 효율적인 스크레이퍼의 적용에 지침이 될 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 2001

The calculation of earthwork plays a major role in plan or design of many civil engineering projects, and thus it has become very important to advanced the accuracy of earthwork calculation. Current method used for estimating the volume of pit excavation assumes that the ground profile between the grid points is linear(trapezoidal rule), or nonlinear(simpson's formulas). In this paper the spot height method, least square method, and chamber formulas, Chen and Lin method are compared with the volumes of the pits in these examples. As a result of this study, algorithm of chen and Lin me쇙 by spline method should provide a better accuracy than the spot height method, least square method, chamber formulas. The Chen and Lin formulas can be used for estimating the excavation volume of a pit divide into a grid with unequal intervals. From the characteristics of the cubic spline polynomial, the modeling curve of the Chen and Lin method is smooth and matches the ground profile well. Generally speaking, the nonlinear profile formulas provide better accuracy than the linear profile formulas. The mathematical model mentioned make an offer maximum accuracy in estimating the volume of a pit excavation.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 1995

The purpose of this paper is to calculate the excavation volume of unequal interval grid using nonlinear boundary in eathwork volume determination for reclamation of the foreshore. A congruence area formula by first and third equation is compared with trapezoidal, simpson formulas to earthwork volume. And nonlinear spot level method of unequal interval grid is compared with linear and nonlinear spot level method of equal interval grid excavation volume. As a result algorithm of derived area and volume formula should provide a better accuracy than linear and nonlinear spot level currently in use. Practical application of each method to the excavation volume is illustrated by digital elevation model of aerial photogrammetry and model test of aquarium.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.55-64
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• 2008

When the structure is constructed on the soft ground, the embankment is settleed into the soft ground. At this time, the settlement of the structure is needed to predict. We are using bamboo mats construction only as a way of test construction. Under this circumstance, using the equation of Janbu and Perloff, we calculated the settlement, and analyzed the problem, suggesting proper theoretical equations showing the settlement of soft ground using bamboo mat. Using this equations the settlement was calculated and compared with the result of FEM. The result of the application was very close to the numerical value and the trend of theoretical equations. Using the existing equations, the settlement in Janbu's and Perloff's methods were calculated to be 40% of the actual settlement.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.161-176
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• 1999

The objectives of this study are to analyze the changes of geo-surface topography in the Siwha embankment and the Ahsan city area by the image processing of Landsat Thematic Mapper data, and to estimate the reclaimed amount of the exposed tidal flat in the Siwha area using the GIS. False color composite, Tasseled cap, NVDI(normalized difference vegetation index), and supervised classification techniques were used to analyze the distribution of sediments and the aspect of topographical variations caused by artificial human actions. The total amount of the exposed tidal flat was estimated on the basis of the database snch as aerial photography, hydrographic chart, geological map, and scheme drawing in the Siwha area. The possible excavation regions for a seawall were predicted analyzing the supervised classification image of Landsat TM data. Tasseled cap images were used to observe the distribution of sediments. The difference of the NDVI images between spring and summer seasons indicates that deciduous and coniferous forests were distributed over the whole areas. The total fill-volume of the exposed Siwha tidal flat and the fill-volume of the construction planning seawall were calculated as $581,485,354\textrm{m}^3{\;}and{\;}3,387,360\textrm{m}^3$, respectively, from the digital terrain analysis. Daebu Island, Sunkam Island, and the part of Songsan-myeon were chosen as the cut area to make the seawall, and their cut-volumes were estimated as $5,229,576\textrm{m}^3,{\;}79,227,072\textrm{m}^3,{\;}and{\;}47,026,008\textrm{m}^3$, respectively. Therefore, the cut-volume of Daebu Island alone among three areas was sufficient to make the seawall.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2009

Terrestrial LiDAR can measure high capacity 3D-topography coordinates and try to apply to various public works such as tunnel surveying, facility deformation surveying. This experiment is about how to calculate ground cutting volume because the stage of the earth work spend lots of money and time among civil engineering works. Surveying cutting area using Terrestrial LiDAR and then calculating cutting area in planned area comparing sectional plan before construction and planned section and LiDAR data. Also, the values of the calculating ground cutting volume by three different resolution LiDAR has are compared and analyzed.