• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.650-662
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• 2005

A robust repositioning method is required for annotations to always maintain proper positions when original documents were modified. Robust anchoring in the XML document provides better anchoring results when it includes features of structured documents as well as annotated texts. This paper proposes robust annotation anchoring method in XML document. To do this, this work presents annotation information as logical structure trees, and creates candidate anchors by analyzing matching relations between the annotation and document trees. To select the appropriate candidate anchor among many candidate anchors, this work presents several anchoring criteria based on the textual and label context of anchor nodes in the logical structure trees. As a result, robust anchoring is realized even after various modifications of contexts in the structured document.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.1486-1498
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• 2009

Modem efforts on digitizing electronic books focus on preserving authentic image representation of the original sources. Unlike the text-based format, it is difficult to recognize the information in the image, so the new format requires new tools to help users to access, process, and make sense of digital information. This paper presents an approach which assists users of these image sources by giving them a combination of annotation and social navigation support. Especially in the education domain, the proposed technique improves the usability of online education system. This approach is currently fully implemented and under evaluation in a classroom study.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.100-106
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• 2014

URI spotting (탐지) 문제는 텍스트에 있는 단어열 중에서 URI로 대표되는 개체(entity)에 해당되는 것을 탐지하는 것이다. 이 문제는 두 개의 작은 문제를 순차적으로 해결하는 과제이다. 즉, 첫째는 어느 단어열이 URI에 해당하는 개체인가를 인식하는 것이고, 둘째는 개체 중의성 해소 문제로서 파악된 개체가 복수의 URI에 해당할 수 있는 의미적 모호성이 있을 때 그 URI중 하나를 선택하여 모호성을 해소하는 것이다. 이 논문은 디비피디아 URI를 대상으로 한다. URI 탐지 문제는 개체명 인식 문제와 비슷하나, URI(예를 들어 디비피디아 URI, 즉 Wikipedia 등재어)에 매핑될 수 있는 개체로 한정되므로 일반적인 개체명 인식 문제에서 단어열의 품사열이 기계학습의 자질로 들어가는 방법론과는 다른 자질을 사용할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 한국어 텍스트를 대상으로 한국어 디비피디아 URI 탐지문제로서 SVM을 이용한 개체경계 인식 방법을 제시하여, 일반적 개체명 인식에서 나타나는 품사태거의 오류파급효과를 없애고자 한다. 또한 개체중의성 해소 문제는 의미모호성이 주변 문장들의 토픽에 따라 달라지므로, LDA를 활용하며 이를 영어 디비피디아 URI탐지에서 쓰인 방법들과 비교한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.49-52
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 Flickr에서 제공하는 어노테이션 기법 중 Note 서비스에 대한 다양한 분석 결과를 제공하고, 이를 기반으로 소셜 미디어 검색을 위한 Flickr Note의 응용 방안을 제안한다. Flickr Note는 기존의 태그 기반 검색에서 활용되는 태그와는 달리 이미지의 특정 영역 위에 직접적으로 할당되는 텍스트들의 집합이다. Flickr Note는 보다 지능적인 소셜 이미지 공유 및 검색 서비스를 위하여 다양한 정보들을 제공할 수 있는 중요한 데이터지만, 이를, 이미지 검색에 효과적으로 활용하기 위한 연구는 미미한 수준이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Flickr Note에 대한 다양한 분석을 통하여 소설 이미지 검색에서 Note의 역할 및 활용 기능성을 제공하고자 하며, 이를 바탕으로 Flickr Note 기반의 이미지 분석 및 검색을 위한 다양한 연구들이 시도되기를 기대한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.576-579
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• 2010

콜센터의 고객문의는 복잡하여 기존 검색 시스템으로는 고객의 문제점을 신속하게 찾아 상담에 적용하는데 문제가 많았다. 온톨로지를 구축하고 시맨틱 검색을 제공할 경우 보다 보다 좋은 검색 기능을 제공할 것으로 기대되나 콜센터의 상담지식은 내용이 매우 복잡하여 그 텍스트의 내용을 완벽하게 온톨로지로 표현하는 것은 쉽지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 온톨로지 기반으로 구축된 지식베이스의 데이터 검색과 함께 그와 가장 관련성이 높은 문서를 출력하기 위해 문서를 온톨로지와 링크하여 어노테이션하는 방법을 제안한다. 본 시스템을 적용한 상담에서 상담원들의 생산성이 향상되고 고객 만족도를 높이는 결과를 확인했다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.819-822
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• 2008

As the IT and computer network technology is developed very rapidly, the quantity of digital contents is increased and disseminated more widely. The digital contents is generally expressed in 2 or 3 dimensional multimedia format and the visible human image that is taken from human body is very important because of its variety of usefulness. The KISTI(Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information) is now constructing various Korean human informations such as visible Korean, digital Korean, human bone property and human models. These informations are accessable through the internet. However, these human images are not easily understandable for general users because they are specialized in medical image field and there is no detailed explanation data. In this study, we designed the annotation database and searching interface for KISTI's visible Korean database. This annotation database involved the detailed explanation and special note of visible Korean data and it can connect the image and text data of visible Korean with each other. By studying this database and interface design, the KISTI's visible Korean database is more easily accessable and understandable to general users and it can promote the usage of visible Korean data more widely.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.386-390
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• 2007

In this paper we present an Ontology Instance Management Tool. OntoManager is a user-friendly interactive ontology Instance management tool with webpage annotation tool and an image annotation tool. It supports the user with the task of creating and maintaining ontology-based OWL-markup, creating of OWL-instances, attributes and relationships. It include an ontology browser for the exploration of the ontology and instances and a HTML browser that will display the annotated parts of the text. And OntoManager is an image annotation tool that allows users to markup regions of an image with respect to concepts in an ontology. It provides the functionality to import images, ontologies, instance bases, perform markup, and export the resulting annotations to disk or the Web.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2012

In recent years, mobile phone has experienced an extremely fast evolution. It is equipped with high-quality color displays, high resolution cameras, and real-time accelerated 3D graphics. In addition, some other features are includes GPS sensor and Digital Compass, etc. This evolution advent significantly helps the application developers to use the power of smart-phones, to create a rich environment that offers a wide range of services and exciting possibilities. To date mobile AR in outdoor research there are many popular location-based AR services, such Layar and Wikitude. These systems have big limitation the AR contents hardly overlaid on the real target. Another research is context-based AR services using image recognition and tracking. The AR contents are precisely overlaid on the real target. But the real-time performance is restricted by the retrieval time and hardly implement in large scale area. In our work, we exploit to combine advantages of location-based AR with context-based AR. The system can easily find out surrounding landmarks first and then do the recognition and tracking with them. The proposed system mainly consists of two major parts-landmark browsing module and annotation module. In landmark browsing module, user can view an augmented virtual information (information media), such as text, picture and video on their smart-phone viewfinder, when they pointing out their smart-phone to a certain building or landmark. For this, landmark recognition technique is applied in this work. SURF point-based features are used in the matching process due to their robustness. To ensure the image retrieval and matching processes is fast enough for real time tracking, we exploit the contextual device (GPS and digital compass) information. This is necessary to select the nearest and pointed orientation landmarks from the database. The queried image is only matched with this selected data. Therefore, the speed for matching will be significantly increased. Secondly is the annotation module. Instead of viewing only the augmented information media, user can create virtual annotation based on linked data. Having to know a full knowledge about the landmark, are not necessary required. They can simply look for the appropriate topic by searching it with a keyword in linked data. With this, it helps the system to find out target URI in order to generate correct AR contents. On the other hand, in order to recognize target landmarks, images of selected building or landmark are captured from different angle and distance. This procedure looks like a similar processing of building a connection between the real building and the virtual information existed in the Linked Open Data. In our experiments, search range in the database is reduced by clustering images into groups according to their coordinates. A Grid-base clustering method and user location information are used to restrict the retrieval range. Comparing the existed research using cluster and GPS information the retrieval time is around 70~80ms. Experiment results show our approach the retrieval time reduces to around 18~20ms in average. Therefore the totally processing time is reduced from 490~540ms to 438~480ms. The performance improvement will be more obvious when the database growing. It demonstrates the proposed system is efficient and robust in many cases.