• Magazine of korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.6-17
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• 2003

라이닝과 굴착작업은 통상적으로 병행작업이 되며, 라이닝은 시공속도가 빠르기 때문에 공기는 주로 굴착 속도에 지배된다. 그러나 소단면/원형단면 터널에서는 작업 공간확보문제 등 제반조건에 따라 굴착과 라이닝 작업이 분리되어 라이닝 공정이 전체 공기에 커다란 영향을 끼치는 경우도 있다. 라이닝 콘크리트의 타설시기는 계측에 의해 원지반의 변위가 수렴된 것을 확인한 후 하는 것이 원칙이다. 따라서 NATM 에서는 전단면 라이닝이 일반적이다. 본 고에서는 라이닝 설비로서 사용되는 타설설비, 운반설비, 형틀설비의 총 3편으로 나누어 라이닝 기계에 대하여 설명하도록 한다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.273-287
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• 2006

This study investigates the failure mechanism and load-carrying capacity of a single-shell lining which has no disturbance in transfer of shear force, with respect to a conventional double-shell lining which has separation between layers of shotcrete lining and secondary concrete lining by water-proof membrane. In order to evaluate the capacity, a 2-D numerical investigation is preliminarily carried out and then real-scale loading tests with tunnel lining section specimens are performed on the condition given by the numerical investigation. In the test, a concentrated load is applied for considering a released ground load or rock wedge load. Through this study, it appears that the single-shell lining takes the load-bearing capacity 20% higher than in case of the double-shell lining. In addition, a possibility of a composite single-shell shotcrete layer composed by multiple bonded layers partly involving different contents of high-capacity additives is shown thereby leading to use of less amount of the high-capacity additives on the condition of taking a similar load-bearing capacity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.143-144
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• 2017

본 논문은 복선터널 라이닝의 최적 계측 측점수를 산정하기 위해 복선터널 라이닝에 작용하는 하중 조건을 대칭 분포하중이 작용하는 경우로 가정하여 터널해석 시 널리 사용되는 상용 프로그램에 하중 조건을 입력시켜 터널 라이닝의 단면 위치별 변위와 응력을 산출하였다. 산출된 변위를 계측 측점 3점, 5점, 7점으로 복선터널 라이닝 역해석 프로그램에 입력시켜서 구한 응력과 변위를 비교하여 복선터널 라이닝의 최적 계측 측점수를 산정한 결과 정확도는 측점 3점이 낮고, 측점 5점과 7점이 높으며, 현장 적용성은 측점 5점이 높은 것으로 해석되어 터널 계측 실무와 일치하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.247-248
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• 2023

본 논문은 단선터널 라이닝에 대칭 분포하중 작용 시 최적 계측 측점수를 산정하기 위해 단선터널 라이닝에 작용하는 하중조건을 대칭 분포하중이 작용하는 경우로 가정하여 터널해석 시 널리 사용되는 상용 프로그램에 하중조건을 입력시켜 터널 라이닝의 단면 위치별 변위와 응력을 산출하였다. 산출된 변위를 계측 측점 3점, 5점, 7점으로 단선터널 라이닝 역해석 프로그램에 입력시켜서 구한 응력과 변위를 비교하여 단선터널 라이닝의 최적 계측 측점수를 산정한 결과 정확도는 측점 3점이 낮고, 측점 5점과 7점이 높으며, 현장 적용성은 측점 5점이 높은 것으로 해석되어 터널 계측 실무와 일치하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.249-250
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• 2023

본 논문은 단선터널 라이닝에 비대칭 분포하중 작용 시 최적 계측 측점수를 산정하기 위해 단선터널 라이닝에 작용하는 하중조건을 비대칭 분포하중이 작용하는 경우로 가정하여 터널해석 시 널리 사용되는 상용 프로그램에 하중조건을 입력시켜 터널 라이닝의 단면 위치별 변위와 응력을 산출하였다. 산출된 변위를 계측 측점 3점, 5점, 7점으로 단선터널 라이닝 역해석 프로그램에 입력시켜서 구한 응력과 변위를 비교하여 단선터널 라이닝의 최적 계측 측점수를 산정한 결과 정확도는 측점 3점이 낮고, 측점 5점과 7점이 높으며, 현장 적용성은 측점 5점이 높은 것으로 해석되어 터널 계측 실무와 일치하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.17-21
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• 2019

In the cold region, the frozen damages in highway tunnels and regular road tunnels have widely been investigated and reported, but the measurement has not been sufficient made. The average temperature in cold region is below the zero, resulting in that the damage due to freezing at the entrance/exit of tunnel is more severe than in the middle of tunnel. In this study, a heating element was developed to prevent the tunnel lining from being frozen by enforcing to increase the temperature of tunnel lining. Then field tests using the developed heating element were performed and it was ensured that the temperature of tunnel lining increased after a certain time.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.41-50
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• 2010

The concrete lining of a tunnel constructed by NATM used to be regarded as facing material which does not support any load from the surrounding ground. But the recent appraisal of the decrepit tunnels revealed that rockbolts and shotcrete deteriorate with time resulting in loss of supporting capability. Consequently, concrete lining has to support part of the load which used to be supported by rockbolts and shotcrete, and thus should be regarded as the final supporting structure in a tunnel. One of the common, and perhaps the most serious problem in concrete lining is the longitudinal cracks taking place at the tunnel crown. The longitudinal cracks, mostly related to the construction procedures, can be developed by many reasons such as the lack of thickness, wrong materials, bad curing environment, and excessive external forces. Many efforts has been made to control and suppress these cracks but efficient and economic way is yet to be found. For efficient crack control in concrete lining, reinforcement by composite fibers, which is the mixture of steel fiber and nylon fiber, is suggested in this study.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.227-235
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• 2006

The problematic issue of cracking, water shedding in tunnel is recently coming out in the view of the structural stability. Hence, the assessment is required for the existing tunnels to achieve the structural soundness of tunnels, and their safety and maintenance. In this study, fracture behaviour and displacement of a tunnel concrete lining using steel fiber reinforcement concrete was investigated. The specimens were fabricated in single lining for a model of real road tunnel. As parameters, load condition, thickness of lining, whether or not rear cavity in crown, and a ratio of steel fiber in concrete were taken. From these factors, the load for crack and fracture, displacement, and the pattern of crack were looked into for the structural stability of a tunnel concrete lining.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2017

Due to low annual average temperature, road tunnel lining in domestic cold region (Gangwon province) experiences durability problems. The financial and human damage due to cracks, breakout, exfoliation and water leakage increases every year. However, domestic research on effect of temperature on road tunnel lining damage is insufficient. Thus, this research has investigated 70 tunnels located in cold region (Gangwon-do) to analyze damage status. Furthermore, by contrasting damage on tunnels in relatively warm Gangneung area with those in relatively cold Hongcheon area, the effect of temperature on road tunnel lining damage was analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.11-16
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• 2019

The low temperature and temperature difference (variation) may cause to deteriorate the integrity of tunnel constructed in cold region. An insulation material was developed and applied to the tunnel lining surface to keep the temperature of tunnel lining constant in spite of temperature variation at outdoor. The lining surface where the insulation material applied showed the less sensitive to temperature variation than non-applied lining surface.