• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2010

This paper presents the optimal design method of an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring for reduced positional uncertainty, and its application to the obstacle detection with improved resolution. Basically, it is assumed that a set of ultrasonic sensors are installed to form a circle at regular intervals with their beams overlapped. First, exploiting the overlapped beam pattern, the positional uncertainty inherent to an ultrasonic sensor is shown to be significantly reduced. Second, for an ideal ultrasonic sensor ring of zero radius, the effective beam width is defined to represent the positional uncertainty, and the optimal number of ultrasonic sensors required for minimal effective beam width is obtained. Third, for an actual ultrasonic sensor ring of nonzero radius, the design index is defined to represent the degree of positional uncertainty, and an optimal design of an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring consisting of commercial ultrasonic sensors with low directivity is given. Fourth, given measured distances from ultrasonic sensors, the geometric method is described to compute the obstacle position with reference to the center of a mobile robot. Finally, through experiments using our overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring prototype, the validity and performance of the proposed method is demonstrated.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2011

This paper presents the systematic optimal design of an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring for high performance obstacle detection using effective beam overlap. Basically, a set of low directivity ultrasonic sensors of the same type are arranged in a circle at regular intervals with their beams overlapped. First, both real and simplified beam patterns of an ultrasonic sensor and several sensor models for obstacle position estimation within its beam pattern are introduced. Second, the obstacle detection range of an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring and its simple sensor model for obstacle position estimation are described. Third, for both conic and non-conic shaped beam pattern, the design indices of an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring for minimal positional uncertainty in obstacle detection are defined. Fourth, the constraints imposed on the structural parameters of an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring to guarantee non empty beam overlap and to avoid excessive beam overlap are derived. Fifth, the optimal number of ultrasonic sensors for a given radius of an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring and the optimal radius of an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring are determined. Throughout this paper, the MA40B8 from Murata Inc. is taken as a representative commercial low directivity ultrasonic sensor.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.198-206
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• 2009

This paper presents the reduction of the positional uncertainty of an ultrasonic sensor ring with overlapped beam pattern for the efficient obstacle detection of a mobile robot. Basically, it is assumed that a relatively small number of inexpensive low directivity ultrasonic sensors are installed at regular spacings along the side of a circular mobile robot with their beams overlapped. First, for both single and double obstacles, we show that the positional uncertainty inherent to an ultrasonic sensor can be reduced using the overlapped beam pattern, and also quantify the relative improvement in positional uncertainty. Second, given measured distance data from one or two ultrasonic sensors, we devise the geometric method to determine the position of an obstacle with respect to the center of a mobile robot. Third, we examine and compare existing ultrasonic sensor models, including Gaussian distribution, parabolic distribution, uniform distribution, and impulse, and then build the sensor model of overlapped ultrasonic sensors, adequate for obstacle detection in terms of positional uncertainty and computational requirement. Finally, through experiments using our prototype ultrasonic sensor ring, the validity of overlapped beam pattern for reduced positional uncertainty and efficient obstacle detection is demonstrated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.567-575
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• 2017

The direction finder is an important device for an electronic support(ES) system because it is responsible for finding the direction of an emitter. The higher the accuracy of the direction finding, the higher the vitality of the weapon system with the ES system. Recently, the direction error occurred in the operating shipboard ES system when direction finding was performed for the signal with a pulse width of 200 ns. Therefore, this paper proposes, an improved method to reduce the direction error for shipboard ES systems. The proposed method was applied to the operating shipboard ES system and a field test was performed. The results of the field test showed that the direction error was reduced significantly for the signal with a pulse width of 200 ns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.243-250
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• 2009

The expression of signal to noise ratio (SNR) is derived for the individual echo sounder and for the general specifications of commercial echo sounder. The SNR is depicted by several factors on transmitting and receiving, sound propagation, scattering by fishes, and mainly self ship noise. The detection ranges of echo sounders in depth and breadth are derived by finding the border of an acceptable SNR. The detection ranges are computed for the echo sounders of individual and general specifications. Generally, the detection range is lager for low frequencies. Increasing an electrical power and a diameter of transducer is not as effective for high frequencies as for low frequencies to increase the detection range. The theoretical results of the detection range can be applied to design low electrical power echo sounder for coastal use, to select an appropriate echo sounder, to know the capability of a sounder, and to interpret echograms. A method for evaluating and designing low electrical power echo sounder is developed. A universal diagram for the basic design of the low electrical power echo sounder where SNR is plotted against frequency is developed. An appropriate frequency, transducer diameter, and beam width are easily determined by using the diagram.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 2011

This paper presents the performance evaluation. optimal design. and complex obstacle detection of an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring by introducing a new concept of effective beam width. It is assumed that a set of ultrasonic sensors of the same type are arranged along a circle of nonzero radius at regular spacings with their beams overlapped. First, the global positional uncertainty of an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring is expressed by the average value of local positional uncertainty over the entire obstacle detection range. The effective beam width of an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring is assessed as the beam width of a single ultrasonic sensor having the same amount of global positional uncertainty, from which a normalized obstacle detection performance index is defined. Second. using the defined index, the design parameters of an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring are optimized for minimal positional uncertainty in obstacle detection. For a given number of ultrasonic sensors, the optimal radius of an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring is determined, and for a given radius of an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring, the optimal number of ultrasonic sensors is determined. Third, the decision rules of positional uncertainty zone for multiple obstacle detection are provided based on the inequality relationships among obstacle distances by three adjacent ultrasonic sensors. Using the provided rules, the obstacle outline detection is performed in a rather complex environment consisting of several obstacles of different shapes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.893-896
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• 2002

네트워크 발달로 컴퓨터 시스템에 대한 접근이 용이해 지면서 호기심 또는 악의로 시스템을 침입 및 파괴하려는 다양한 형태의 침입 행위가 날로 증가하고 있다. 이러한 침입에 대비하여 대상 시스템에 대한 비 인가된 행위를 탐지 및 구별하고 이에 대응하는 기능을 가진 침입 탐지 시스템(IDS: Intrusion Detection System)에 대한 연구가 폭 넓게 진행되어 왔으며 다양한 형태의 IDS 들이 컴퓨터 및 네트워크 시스템에 적용되고 있다. 그러나 일반적인 IDS 는 단일 시스템에 대한 침입을 탐지하고 방어하는 것에 그 목적이 있으므로, 하나의 단위 네트워크 시스템을 효과적으로 보호하기 위해서는 단일 시스템에 대한 침입정보를 신속하게 상호 공유할 필요가 있다. 따라서 개별 Host 나 Network 장비에 분산되어 동작하는 다중의 IDS 에 대해서 통합 관리를 수행하는 통합 침입 관리시스템이 요구되어진다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 시스템은 각 IDS 들이 침입을 탐지하는 순간 이에 대한 정보를 수집하여 다른 IDS 들에게 침입에 대한 정보를 신속하게 전달하고, 정보의 종류와 수행 기능에 따른 요구사항을 프로토콜에 적절하게 반영 할 수 있는 시스템을 제안한다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.984-989
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• 2000

A microstrip patch array designed at 35 GHz is described for use in the detection of the position of moving targets. To obtain wide detection range, the array is arranged to give a narrow beamwidth in the elevation plane and a wide beamwidth on the azimuth plane. This can be achieved by aligning the electric field plane of each element to the array axis. Employing a 3 dB-tapered feed network, the array has a side lobe level of less than -20 dB and wider azimuth beam width of 12.8$^{\circ}$ simultaneously.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.185-188
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• 2018

네트워크 환경 및 인터넷 활용폭이 다양해지면서 고도화되고 진보적인 보안위협이 발생되고 있으며 발생량도 점차 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라, 네트워크 침입탐지 시스템, 악성행위 탐지 시스템, 웹 방화벽, 안티바이러스 등도 점차 진보된 악성행위를 탐지하는 데 있어 불충분해짐에 따라 기업과 기관 및 보안담당자들은 직관적인 정보를 제공하는 End-Point 로그 수집 및 모니터링으로 변화를 시도하고 있다. 이에 따라, 본 논문에서는 Anti-Virus 및 침입 탐지 시스템(IDS), APT, 윈도우 감사로그를 상호 비교하여 보안분석 시스템보다 윈도우 감사로그가 보안위협 및 침해사고를 모니터링하는 면에서 더욱 직관적이고 빠른 대응이 가능하다는 것을 증명한다.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 2004

레이저 거리 측정기나 화생탐지 라이다용으로 사용할 수 있는 눈에 안전한 적외선 레이저 광원을 개발하였다. 펌프레이저로는 소형 플래쉬 램프로 구동되는 Nd:YAG 레이저를 사용하였으며, OPO(Optical Parametric Oscillator) 결정으로는 Flux 성장된 KTP를 사용하였다. OPO 송진기는 레이저 공진기 내부에 설치하여 비선형 광학 현산에 의한 파라메트릭 발진이 쉽게 일어나도록 하였다. 효율적인 파라메트릭 발진을 위해서 Type II 비임계 위상정합$(\theta=90^{\circ},\;\phi = 0^{\circ})$을 사용하여 공진기를 구성하였다. Nd:YAG 레이저는 Cr:YAG 결정을 사용하여 수동형 큐-스위칭 되었으며 OPO 출력은 1mJ 정도이었다. OPO 펄스폭은 4ns로서 수동형 큐스위칭 레이저 펄스폭보다 20% 정도로 작았다. OPO 출력의 펄스폭이 펌프레이저의 펄스폭 보다 작은 것은 이론적 계산을 통하여 확인할 수 있었다.