• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2017

The result of TIMSS 2015 was announced at the end of 2016. In this research, we conducted test-curriculum matching analysis for 8th grade earth science and analyzed Korean students' percentage of correct answers and responses for TIMSS earth science test items. According to the results, Korean students showed high percentage of correct answers when the item topics are covered in the 2009 revised science curriculum, and Korean students revealed their weakness in constructed response items since the percentage for correct answers on constructed response items is half that of multiple choice items. Depending on the earth science topic, for 'solid earth' area, which includes earth's structure and physical features, as well as earth's processes and history, students showed high percentage of correct answers for multiple choice items. Students, however, showed low percentage of correct answers for items that require applying knowledge to everyday situations and connecting with other areas of science such as biology. For 'atmosphere and ocean' areas, which include earth's processes and cycles, students showed low percentage of scores for climate comparison between regions, features of global warming, etc. For the area of 'universe', students showed high percentage of scores for the earth's rotation and revolution, the moon's gravity, and so on because they have learned these topics since primary school. Discussed in the conclusion are ways to secure content connection between the primary and middle school earth science curriculums, ways to develop students' science-inquiry related competencies, and so on to improve middle school earth science curriculum as well as teaching and learning.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.6_4
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• pp.1319-1326
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• 2019

The KARI(Korea Aerospace Research Institute) operates the government satellite information application consultation to cope with ever-increasing demand for satellite images in the public sector, and carries out various support projects including the generation and provision of mosaic images on the Korean Peninsula every year to enhance user convenience and promote the use of satellite images. In particular, the government has wanted to increase the utilization of mosaic images on the Korean Peninsula and seek to classify and update mosaic images so that users can use them in their businesses easily. However, it is necessary to test and verify whether the classification results of the mosaic images can be utilized in the field since the original spectral information is distorted during pan-sharpening and color balancing, and there is a limitation that only R, G, and B bands are provided. Therefore, in this study, the reliability of the classification result of the mosaic image was compared to the result of KOMPSAT-3 image. The study found that the accuracy of the classification result of KOMPSAT-3 image was between 81~86% (overall accuracy is about 85%), while the accuracy of the classification result of mosaic image was between 69~72% (overall accuracy is about 72%). This phenomenon is interpreted not only because of the distortion of the original spectral information through pan-sharpening and mosaic processes, but also because NDVI and NDWI information were extracted from KOMPSAT-3 image rather than from the mosaic image, as only three color bands(R, G, B) were provided. Although it is deemed inadequate to distribute classification results extracted from mosaic images at present, it is believed that it will be necessary to explore ways to minimize the distortion of spectral information when making mosaic images and to develop classification techniques suitable for mosaic images as well as the provision of NIR band information. In addition, it is expected that the utilization of images with limited spectral information could be increased in the future if related research continues, such as the comparative analysis of classification results by geomorphological characteristics and the development of machine learning methods for image classification by objects of interest.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.841-856
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• 2015

This study sought to explore longitudinal changes in Korean fourth graders' career aspirations in science. The sample included those who had high interest, but low career aspirations in science, and the analysis focused on the concept of science identity. To achieve this study's objectives, we selected 14 participants and then conducted two in-depth interviews with them. Compared with the first interviews (4th grade), changes were observed in eight students' career aspirations in science in the second round (5th grade). While six students maintained "negative" career aspiration, six revealed "medium" and two revealed "positive" career aspiration in science. To explore the relationship between science identities and career aspirations in science, three students were selected from the sample for further study. According to the results, the aspects of science identity that students valued regarding potential careers varied individually. Depending on these aspects, each student showed different patterns in the interactions between different aspects of science identity, and between aspects of science identity and science-related career aspirations. Over time, participants' experiences and interactions with people around them produced changes in their science identity, which led to changes in their career aspirations resulting from the interactions between aspects of their science identity. Their career aspirations in science were also significantly influenced by each participant's perceptions of relationships with peers (i.e., recognition by peers and of peers) and of science-related careers. Therefore, the results suggest that students need to be provided with appropriate learning environments and guidance relating to science careers.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.51-78
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• 2016

Online-to-offline (O2O) commerce is the new trend that merges online commerce with traditional industries in various fields. The primary purpose of this paper is to find out which factors influence customers' intention to switch from call-based driver-for-hire services to O2O app-based services. This study used variables and factors based on Theory of Switching Intention, and Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology in order to design research questions. We surveyed 500 users of call-based driver-for-hire services. According to the result of this study, dissatisfaction with the current call-based driver-for-hire services is estimated to be a significant factor that strengthens customers' intention to switch from the call-based driver-for-hire services to the app-based services. Loyalty to the previous call-based driver-for-hire services was not seen as a crucial motivator that causes customers to switch to the new O2O driver service. Switching cost also did not play a key role in explaining the relationship between dissatisfaction with the current call-based service and the intention to use the new app-based service. Performance expectancy, easiness in use, the level of user's knowledge or available assistance in relation to the use of app-based services, and expectancy for reasonable price was found to have meaningful impacts on customers' intention to switch from the call-based driver-for-hire services to the app-based services. Age, gender and user experience on the new service were found incapable of moderating the relationship between aforementioned factors which influence customers' choice of the app-based driver-for-hire service, and customers' intent to switch to the app-based service.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.124-138
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• 2010

This study aims to investigate the effect of hotel and restaurant employees' eating habits on their dining-out behavior. 309 workers from die hotel and restaurant companies participated in the survey, and SPSS 14.0 was used to perform frequency analyses, factor analyses, f-tests, ANOVA and multiple regression analyses. An exploratory factor analysis revealed three eating habits; unhealthy, healthy and ideal eating habits with 62.250% of the cumulative variance explained. The factor analysis included the priority on menu items, atmosphere and location of a restaurant with 60.658% of the total variance explained The results of the t-tests gave partial supports for the hypothesized gender difference in eating habits and for the hypothesis that eating habits would differ according to marital status. The result of ANOVA gave a partial support for die hypothesized age difference in eating habits. The result of the multiple regression analysis showed that all eating habits, unhealthy($\beta$=0.326, p<0.000), healthy($\beta$=0.290, p<0.000) and ideal($\beta$=0.305, p<0.000), had a significant effect on the priority on menu items. Eating habits explained 13.1% of die total variance in the importance of restaurant atmosphere and location. The influence of unhealthy eating habits was not statistically significant ($\beta$=0.002, p<0.965) while the influence of healthy($\beta$=0.309, p<0.000) and ideal eating habits($\beta$=0.189, p<0.000) was statistically significant Consequently, there was a partial support for the hypothesis that eating habits would influence die priority of restaurant atmosphere and location as a factor when dining out.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1988.08a
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• pp.92-98
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• 1988

The present study was performed to find the effects of ginseng and its saponins. which is written in Chung Yao Ta Tsu Tien as anti-amnesia in its chief indication. on experimental amnesia in mice. In the step through test. ginsenoside $Rb_1\;(GRb_1)\;and\;GRg_1$ facilitated the registration of memory and antagonized the electroconvulsive shock (ECS)-induced inhibition of the retention of memory. Moreover. $GRg_1$ antagonized the EtOH-induced inhibition of the retrieval of memory. In the step down test. $GRb_1\;GRb_2\;and\;GRg_1$ antagonized the ECS-induced inhibition of the retention of memory. Moreover. $GRg_1$ antagonized the EtOH-induced inhibition of the retrieval of memory and facilitated the acquisition of short term memory. In the shuttle hox and lever press tests. they have no effects on acquisition and retrieval of memory. except $GRb_1\;GRb_1$ depressed the retrieval of conditioned avoidance response in the shuttle box test. After the end of four tests. the effects of these orally administered drugs on sedative. analgesic. antipyretic and anticonvulsant actions. and on spontaneous and exploratory movements were tested in doses of less than 500mg/kg. but they had none of these effects. Present study may indicate that $GRg_1$ had effects on the retrieval of memory and on the acquisition process of learning response. The recent research on the role of NGF for the survival. regeneration and regulation of brain in adult animals. indicated the importance of NGF on dementia and amnesia. During our research on the specificity of the neurite out growth induced by NGF. we found that the effect of NGF was potentiated by $GRb_1$ in organ cultures of chick embryonic dorsal root ganglia. Then. the effect of $GRb_1$ on neuronal cell survivalin cell culture system was studied. $GRb_1$ potentiated the NGF-mediated increase of neurofilaments in cell cultures of chick embryonic sensory and sympathetic neurons. NGF with $GRb_1$ also showed a tendency to increase the number of surviving neurons of rat embryonic cerebral cortex. NGF increased choline acetyl transferase activity in cell cultures of rat embryonic septum area neurons. but $GRb_1$ did not potentiate NGF activity in cell cultures of rat embryonic septum area neurons. Present study may indicate that $GRb_1$ plays an important role for the survival or regeneration of neurons in the brain.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.49-64
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• 2021

Apprenticeship education in Korea started approximately in 2005, and is divided into government-led apprenticeship education and Gyeonggi-do-led apprenticeship education. Apprenticeship education for textile and clothing-related majors in Korea is a very different process compared to Germany, where the country, companies, and schools have cooperated with each other with a long tradition, and there are many points to be supplemented. In order to explore the literature on apprenticeship education in Germany and Korea, and to understand the phenomena or actual conditions that have not been shown in the literature, interviews were conducted with two German professors living in South Korea. As a result of the analysis, Germany's long tradition and positive perception of vocational education are the basis for the establishment of apprenticeship education, and it is positioned as a system of education process. Various associations related to apprenticeship education make systematic training manuals, and then distribute certificates to trainees who have completed these courses. Therefore, companies promote the stability of the job market by educating local talents through apprenticeship training to nurture industrial manpower. Currently, in Korea's apprenticeship education, a series of procedures for developing educational courses such as company discovery and job analysis for each company are entirely entrusted to vocational high schools. Therefore, public confidence and solidity in apprenticeship education were found to be insignificant. This study has limitations in that it cannot confirm a phenomenon that has not been shown in the literature review, there is insufficient research on German literature, and the number of samples interviewed is small. However, if, based on the results of this study, an association dedicated to apprenticeship education is created in Korea and a systematic curriculum is developed, it will be able to contribute to establishing the stability of the textile and apparel labor market in the future.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.655-674
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• 2023

This study examined whether the "self-guided interpretation" media in the Yeoncheon area of the Hantangang River UNESCO Geopark are intelligible for visitors. Accordingly, two on-site investigations were conducted in the Hantangang River Global Geopark in September and November 2022. The Yeoncheon area, known for its diverse geological features and the era of geological attraction formation, was selected for analysis. We analyzed the readability levels, graphic characteristics, and alignment with science curriculum of the interpretive media specific to geological sites among a total of 36 self-guided interpretive media in the Yeoncheon area. Results indicated that information boards, primarily offering guidance on geological attractions, were the most prevalent type of interpretive media in the Yeoncheon area. The quantity of text in explanatory media surpassed that of a 12^th-grade science textbook. The average vocabulary grade was similar to that of 11^th- and 12^th-grade science textbooks, with somewhat reduced readability due to a high occurrence of complex sentences. Predominant graphic types included illustrative photographs, aiding comprehension of the geological formation process through multi-structure graphics. Regarding scientific terms used in the interpretive media, 86.3% of the terms were within the "Solid Earth" section of the 2015 revised curriculum, with the majority being at the 4^th-grade level. The 11^th-grade optional curriculum terms comprised the second largest portion, and 13.7% of all science terms were from outside the curriculum. Notably, variations in the scientific terminology's complexity was based on geological attractions. Specifically, the terminology level on the homepage tended to be generally higher than that on information boards. Through these findings, specific factors impeding visitor comprehension of geological attractions in the Yeoncheon area, based on the interpretation medium, were identified. We suggest further research to effect improvements in self-guided interpretation media, fostering geological resource education for general visitors and anticipating advancements in geology education.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.583-589
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• 2013

We investigated the delay of kimchi fermentation by the addition of plant extracts. Fifteen plant extracts were screened for inhibitory activity aginst Lactobacillus plantarum by using an agar well diffusion assay, and determined the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal lethal concentration (MLC) were determined. The lowest MIC for grapefruit seed extract (GFSE; 0.0313 mg/mL) was determined, followed by Caesalpinia sappan L. extract (CSLE; 0.25 mg/mL), and oregano essential oil (OREO; 1.0 mg/mL). GFSE, CSLE, and OREO were individually added to kimchi, and incubated the samples at 10 for up to 20 days. Results showed that the addition of GFSE (0.3 and 0.5%), CSLE (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5%), or OREO (0.5 and 1.0%) led to a significant increase in the pH of kimchi, and also a significant reduction in the numbers of lactic acid bacteria. Taken together, the addition of natural antimicrobial agents can delay kimchi fermentation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.269-276
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the inactivation effects of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) on microorganisms attached to salted Chinese cabbage and food materials of kimchi, such as slice radish and green onion. In addition, changes in microbial and physicochemical quality of manufactured kimchi during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks were investigated. Compared to the untreated control with tap water, total bacterial counts (TBC) of Chinese cabbage, slice radish, and green onion were reduced by 1.75, 1.68, and 1.03 log CFU/g at dipping times of 20 min, 5 min, and 10 min, respectively, upon treatment with 30 ppm SAEW at $40^{\circ}C$. Effect of microbial inhibition was higher in salted Chinese cabbage brined in 10% salt (w/v) of 30 pm SAEW at $40^{\circ}C$ than in untreated control with tap water, as indicated by 1.00 log CFU/g reduction. TBC of kimchi manufactured with materials treated with 30 ppm SAEW at $40^{\circ}C$ was not significantly affected compared to untreated control, although coliforms were remarkably reduced compared to the untreated control. At the beginning of storage (1 weeks), TBC and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts increased by approximately 9 and 7.66~8.18 log CFU/g, respectively, and coliforms were completely eliminated. The pH and acidity of kimchi at 2 weeks were 4.34~4.49 and 0.55~0.66%, respectively, and then slowly decreased. The texture (firmness) of kimchi decreased with storage time, but the difference was not significant. This combined treatment might be considered as a potentially beneficial sanitizing method for improving the quality and safety of kimchi.