• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 1998

Respiratory denitrification experiments were performed using different carbon sources (acetic acid, glucose, methanol, molasses). In the culture media with glucose and molasses, COD consumption and denitrification rates were higher than with acetic acid and methanol. However, up to 30-40% of reduced nitrate and nitrite were converted to ammonium in glucose and molasses media. In the culture media with acetic acid and methanol, ammonium was not accumulated. Some of the consumed COD seemed to be used by the acid formers for the acidification in glucose and molasses media. By initial pH control of with molasses media, higher denitrification rate (up to 99%) and faster response could be obtained.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1995-2005
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• 2000

The use of heterotrophic denitrification as an alternative method for supplying alkalinity during sulfur-utilizing autotrophic denitrification was evaluated by examining the effects of external carbon source (both type and concentration) and HRT on denitrification efficiency. Concentrations of $NO_3{^-}-N$ and $COD_{Cr}$ of nitrified landfill leachate used for experiment were 700-900mg/L and 900-2500mg/L. respectively, All experiment was conducted with sulfur packed bed reactors (SPBRs) which were operated at $35^{\circ}C$. The fraction of $NO_3{^-}-N$ removed by heterotrophic denitrification ($HDNR_{fraction}$) to balance the alkalinity consumption by autotrophic denitrification varied with the type of external carbon source. When methanol and sodium acetate was added at theoretical HDNRfraction value. 100% denitrification was achieved without alkalinity addition. However, glucose and molasses require $HDNR_{fraction}$ value greater than theoretical value for complete denitrification. The EBCT and volumetric loading rate at which 100% denitrification efficiency could be achieved were 6.76 h and $2.84kg-NO_3{^-}-N/m^3{\cdot}d$, respectively, based on the fact that 100% denitrification occurred within the bottom 11.5 cm layer of the SPBR. The maximum nitrogen removal rate occurred with 89% removal efficiency at loading rate of $5.05kg-NO_3{^-}-N/m^3{\cdot}d$. However, at short EBCT, clogging of SPBR was observed with excess growth of heterotrophic denitrifiers. This problem may be eliminated by back washing or by separating of heterotrophic denitrification from sulfur-utilizing denitrification.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.221-226
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• 2010

Swine wastewater contains high amounts of organic matter and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus). The biological nitrogen removal can be achieved by nitrification and denitrification processes. Nitrification-denitrification can be performed via nitrite which is called as the short-cut process. This Short-cut process saves up to 25% of oxygen and 40% of external carbon during nitrification and denitrification. In this study, the batch tests were conducted to assess the different parameters for the nitrite sulfur utilizing denitrification, such as alkalinity, temperature, initial nitrite concentration, and dissolved oxygen. The experimental results showed that the nitrite removal efficiency of the reactor was found to be over 95% under the optimum condition ($30^{\circ}C$ and sufficient alkalinity). Autotrophic nitrate denitrification was inhibited at low alkalinity condition showing only 10% removal efficiency, while nitrite denitrification was achieved over 95%. The nitrite removal rates were found similar at both $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. In addition, nitrite removal efficiencies were inhibited by increasing oxygen concentration, but sulfate concentration increased due to sulfur oxidation under an aerobic condition. Sulfate production and alkalinity consumption were decreased with nitrite compared those with nitrate.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.851-856
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• 2010

A sulfur utilizing nitrite denitrification process could be placed after the shortcut biological nitrogen removal (SBNR) process. In this study, removal of nitrite using sulfur oxidizing denitrifier was characterized in batch tests with granular elemental sulfur as an electron donor and nitrite as an electro acceptor. At sufficient alkalinity, initial nitrite nitrogen concentration of 100 mg/L was almost completely reduced in the batch reactor within a incubation time of 22 h. Sulfate production with nitrite was 4.8 g ${SO_4}^{2-}/g$ ${NO_2}^-$-N, while with nitrate 13.5 g ${SO_4}^{2-}/g$ ${NO_3}^-$-N. Under the conditions of low alkalinity, nitrite removal was over 95% but 15 h of a lag phase was shown. For nitrate with low alkalinity, no denitrification occurred. Sulfate production was 2.6 g ${SO_4}^{2-}/g$ ${NO_2}^-$-N and alkalinity consumption was 1.2 g $CaCO_3/g$ ${NO_2}^-$. The concentration range of organics used in this experiment did not inhibit autotrophic denitrification at both low and high alkalinity. This kind of method may solve the problems of autotrophic nitrate denitrification, i.e. high sulfate production and alkalinity deficiency, to some extent.

• Environmental engineer
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• v.19 s.186
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• pp.66-73
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• 2002

우리나라 하수의 특성이 유기물 농도가 질소 농도에 비하여 매우 낮기 때문에 외국의 종속영양 탈질 공법을 그대로 적용하기가 힘들며 적용한다 할지라도 외부탄소원을 넣어야 하므로 경제적인 처리는 불가능하다. 산업폐수의 경우에 있어서도 유기물농도가 질소농도에 비하여 낮은 폐수의 경우는 값비싼 외부탄소원을 넣어주어야 한다. 따라서 폐수 특성에 맞는 효율적이고 경제적인 질소화합물 제거 기술의 개발은 불가피하다. 따라서 종속영양탈질공정의 경제성 문제 및 기존의 황탈

• Environmental engineer
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• s.183
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• pp.70-77
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• 2001

우리나라 하수의 특성이 유기물 농도가 질소농도에 비하여 매우 낮기 때문에 외국의 종속영양 탈질 공법을 그대로 적용하기가 힘들며 적용한다 할지라도 외부탄소원을 넣어야 하므로 경제적인 처리는 불가능하다. 산업폐수의 경우에 있어서도 유기물농도가 질소농도에 비하여 낮은 폐수의 경우는 값비싼 외부탄소원을 넣어주어야 한다. 따라서 폐수 특성에 맞는 효율적이고 경제적인 질소 화합물 제거 기술의 개발은 불가피하다. 따라서 종속영양탈질공정의 경제성 문제 및 기존의 황탈

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.293-293
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• 2011

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.378-381
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• 2003

The characteristics of bio-beads made of various supports, in which denitrifying bacteria were entrapped after those cells were isolated from sludge in wastewater treatment plants, were studied in order to develop a novel BNR system. Four species were isolated, and the bead made of 12% PVA showed the highest denitrification rate. The best concentration of cell loading was 200 mg/ml, and there was no significant difference in performance by bead sizes. The bead reached the maximum denitrification rate after 4 batch experiments, and with cell leaking of $10^3$ CFU/ml its capacity retained until 25 batches.

• Clean Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.141-153
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• 2016

Numerous stationary NO_x emission sources have employed a suitable deNO_x technology that is typically selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x by NH₃ over V₂O₅/TiO₂-based catalysts with on-demand monolithic structures. These structured catalysts undergo a time-on-deterioration of deNO_xing activity on site. Thus, we need more efficient, more deactivation-tolerant, more economic deNO_x systems and for which, their performance management is essential. This review has covered details of strategies to successfully manage the performance of SCR catalysts and timely replace them to new or rejuvenated ones. Key considerations to maintain the catalyst activity will be reviewed. Details of the sequential addition of new catalysts and the replacement of life-end catalysts and their regeneration will be discussed with general guidances to determine the time for such a replacement. Finally, a better way to get more economic approaches to deNO_x system management will be proposed here.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.199-206
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• 2008

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification means that nitrification and denitrification occur concurrently in the same reaction vessel under low DO concentration. Some mathematical models developed to simulate simultaneous nitrification and denitrification reaction, but they have the complex model structures or have limitations of model application. To solve these problems, if possible that predict the behavior of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification reaction by activated sludge model, structures of the model is less complex than previous models and applies the various operation conditions. But original activated sludge models have difficulties in representing the denitrification reaction under aerobic condition. So the aim of this study is to interpret simultaneous nitrification and denitrification reaction by modifying activated sludge model. Original activated sludge model No.1(ASM1) was selected and modified. The simulation result in modified ASM1 predicted appropriately for the measured data. This indicates the structures of ASM1 are properly improved for interpretation of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification reaction.