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Determination of several families of antibacterial agent residues in fish by disk assay (미생물학적 방법에 의한 어체내 잔류 항균물질의 계열별 동정시험)

  • Jung, Sung-Hee;Kim, Jin-Woo
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.125-135
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    • 1997
  • The possibility of identification of families of antibacterial agent residues in fish tissue was studied by disk assay using three test organisms, Bacillus subtilis BGA, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, and Bacillus cereus var. mycoides ATCC 11778. In the present method, a simple clean-up procedure was performed to obtain the aqueous solution from homogenized flounder muscle sample(10g) in Mcilvaine buffer. Then, aqueous solution was fractionated into A and B to be used in disk assay by choloroform and Sep-Pak C18 cartridge column after being defatted in hexane. The chloroform layer of fraction A was used for the analysis of macrolide antibiotics(ML), sulfa drugs(SA), chloramphenicol(CP), and quinolone antibiotics(QN). Adsorbed materials to Sep-Pak C18 of fraction B were also employed for the analysis of penicillins(PC), tetracyclines(TC), and nitrofuran derivatives(NF) Minimun-detectable concentrations by the present method were, 0.1μg/g for oxytetracycline, tetracycline, doxycycline, spiramycin and ciprofloxacin, 0.025μg/g for erythromycin and ampicillin, 1.0μg/g for sodium nifurstyrenate and florfenical, 0.25μg/g for sulfamonomethoxie and sulfadimethoxine, 2.5μg/g for oxolinic acid and flumequine, and 15μg/g for piromidic acid, respectively. Three test organisms showed different sensitivity patterns for each family of antibacterial agent. Sensitivity patterns were B. cereus > B. subtilis > M. luteus for TC and NF, M. luteus > B, subtilis > B. cereus for ML and PC, B. cereus = B. subtilis > M. luteus for CP and QN, and B. subtilis > B. cereus=M. luteus for SA. The present method utilizing these characteristics could be useful as a routine screening test for the determination of family of antibacterial agent residues in fish tissue.

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Review: Distribution, Lactose Malabsorption, and Alleviation Strategies of Lactose Intolerance (유당불내증(Lactose Intolerance)의 발생 원인과 경감 방안에 대한 고찰)

  • Yoon, Sung-Sik
    • Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 2009
  • Milk is called an almost complete food in terms of nutrition, especially for the younger generations because it contains a number of nutrients required for growth and development. Lactose intolerance is defined as a malabsorption of lactose in the intestine with some typical symptoms of abdominal pains and bloating, and occurred at 75% of global populations, which hampers milk consumption worldwide. Lacks of milk consumption in the underdeveloped countries frequently lead to many nutrients deficiencies, so that diseases including osteoporosis, hypertension, and colon cancer are more prevalent in the recent days. Lactose in foods needs to be hydrolyzed prior to intestinal absorption. The hydrolytic enzyme responsible for splitting lactose into its monomeric forms, glucose and galactose, is called as lactase or β-galactosidase. The former is primarily used as blood sugar and energy source and the latter used in glycolipid synthesis of brain tissues in infants. Lactose is clinically diagnosed with the breath hydrogen production test as well as intestinal biopsy. Reportedly, symptoms of lactose intolerance are widely prevalent at 25% of Europeans, 50 to 80% of Hispanics, South Indians, Africans, and Jews, almost 100% of Asians and native Americans. For the adults, phenotype of lactase persistence, which is able to hydrolyse lactose, is more common in the northern Europeans, but in the other area lactase non-persistence or adult-type hypolactasia is dominant. Genetic analysis on human lactase gene continued that lactase persistence was closely related to the err site of 1390 single nucleotide polymorphism from the 5'-end. To alleviate severity of lactose intolerance symptoms, some eating patterns including drinking milk a single cup or less, consumption along with other foods, whole milk rather than skimmed milk, and drink with live yogurt cultures, are highly recommended for the lactose maldigesters. Also, delay of gastric emptying is effective to avoid the symptoms from lactose intolerance. Frequency of lactose intolerance with conventional diagnosis is thought overestimated mainly because the subjects are exposed to too much lactose of 50 g rather than a single serving amount. Thus simple and accurate diagnostic method for lactose intolerance need to be established. It is thought that fermented milk products and low- or free lactose milks help improve currently stagnant milk consumption due to lactose intolerance which contributes to major barrier in milk marketing especially in Asian countries.

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Evaluation of Supplemental Vitamin Premix in a Test Diet Containing Fish Meal as Protein Source for Juvenile Korean Rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) (단백질원으로 어분이 첨가된 조피볼락 실험사료의 비타민 혼합물 평가)

  • Lee Sang-Min;Kim Sun-Myoung
    • Journal of Aquaculture
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.159-166
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    • 1996
  • A feeding experiment was conducted using juvenile Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) to evaluate supplemental vitamin premix in a test diet containing fish meal as protein source for nutritional study. Four vitamin premixes were prepared by adjusting different quantity and combination of vitamins. Each vitamin premix contained (mg/kg diet) : premix-1 : ascorbic acid, 2666 ; a-tocopheryl acetate, 417 ; thiamin, 60 ; riboflavin, 200 ; pyridoxine, 40 ; niacin, 800 ; Ca-D-pantothenate, 280 ; myo-inositol, 4000 ; D-biotin, 6 ; folic acid, 15 ; p-amino-benjoic acid, 400 ; mennadione, 40 ; A, 16 ; D3, 0.1 ; choline chloride, 8000 ; cyanocobalamin, 0.09 ; premix-2 : ascorbic acid, 270 ; a-tocopheryl acetate, 189 ; thiamin, 13.5 ; riboflavin,, 27 ; pyridoxine, 13.5 ; niacin, 135 ; Ca-D-pantothenate, 135 ; myo-inositol, 135 ; D-biotin, 1. 4 : folic acid, 4.9 ; mennadione, 5.4 : A, 5.4 ; D3, 2.2 ; choline chloride, 3000 ; cyanocobalamin, 0.05 ; premix-3 : ascorbic acid, 570 ; a-tocopheryl acetate, 107 ; thiamin, 20 ; riboflavin, 14.3 ; pyridoxine, 14.3 ; niacin, 71,3 ; Ca-D-pantothenate, 57 ; myo-inositol, 456 ; D-biotin, 0.7 ; folic acid, 2.9 ; p-aminobenjoic acid, 285 ; mennadione, 5.7 ; A, 5.7 ; D3, 1.1 ; choline chloride, 1500 ; cyanocobalamin, 0.03 ; premix-4 : ascorbic acid, 190 : a-tocopheryl acetate, 36 ; thiamin, 6.7 ; riboflavin, 4.8 ; pyridoxine, 4.8 ; niacin, 23.8 ; Ca-D-pantothenate, 19 ; myo-inositol, 152 ; D-biotin,0.2 ; folic acid, 1 ; p-aminobenjoic acid, 95 ; mennadione, 1.9 ; A, 1.9 ; D3, 0.4 ; choline chloride, 500 ; cyanocobalamin, 0.01. Triplicate groups of the 50 fish averaging 4.25 g were fed one of four isoproteic (47%) and isolipidic (9%) experimental diets to satiation twice a day for 10 weeks. Weight gain, feed efficiency and protein retention in fish fed the diet with vitamin premix-1 were significantly higher than those in fish fed the other diets (P<0.05). Moisture, protein and lipid contents of muscle and whole body were not affected by different dietary vitamin premix (P>0,05). These results indicate that premix-1 can be used to adequate supplemental vitamin premix in test diet containing fish meal as protein source for juvenile Korean rockfish.

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A Study on The Preparation of Yogurt Added with Jujube Extract (대추 Extract를 첨가(添加)한 요구르트의 제조(製造)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Lyou, Pung Hyun;Kim, Jong Woo
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.70-79
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    • 1996
  • Yogurts were prepared with skim milk powder added with jujube extract of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, respectively and fermented by mixed culture(Str. thermophilus, and Lac. bulgaricus). The fermented yogurts were evaluated for acid production(pH, titratable acidity), number of viable cell, change of sugars, sensory properties. 1. Addition of jujube extract increased acid production and decreased pH. Acid production was increased in proportion to concentration of jujube extracts added to milk and pH was decreased. 2. In yogurt fermentation, the lactic acid bacteria of yogurt added with jujube extract, increased in proportion to jujube extract concentration added to milk. 3. The viscosity was increased in proportion to concentration of jujube extract during 6 hrs. of fermentation. The viscosity of yogurt added with 4% and 5% jujube extract remarkably decreased for the first 12 hrs. Yogurt added with 5% jujube extract is lowest in its viscosity among the treatments. 4. The concentrations of glucose and fructose were higher in proportion of jujube extract add at 0 hrs. the concentration of lactose was decreased simultaneously, and those of galactose was increased in all the samples at 12 hrs. 5. The taste and odor of yogurt added with the jujube extract of 4% and 5%, respectively, were better than other samples. The color of control was better than other samples. The texture of control yogurt was better than orther samples, but was not clearly difference with the yogurts added with jujube extract of 4% and 5%. In the overall acceptability, the sensory scores of yogurt added with jujube extract of 3% and 4% were higher than other samples.

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Effect of Diets Containing Ground Charcoal Powder, Wood Vinegar and Fermented Acetic Acid on the Egg Production in White Leghorn Strain Layer (백색 산란계의 산란성적에 미치는 성형 목탄가루, 목초액 및 양조식초 첨가사료의 영향)

  • 최윤석;고태송
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.33-42
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    • 1991
  • In order to study effects of the 9round charcoal and organic acid on the egg production, White Leghorn strain(Hyline) layer of 113 week-old were fed control diet during a week of previous feeding and subsquent experimental diets during 12 weeks of experimental feeding . The experimental diets were the basal (control) diet composed of mainly corn-soybean meal, diet (CPB) substituted 0.5% of ground charcoal with the defatted rice bran of the control, diet (PWV) added 0.1 mM(based on the acetic acid) of wood vinegar in the CPD and diet(PFA) added 0.1 mM (based on the acetic acid) of fermented acetic acid in the CPD. During experimental feeding period, birds (ed control, CPD and PWV diets showed similar feed intake which was shown a decreasing tendency in birds fed PFA diet as the passage of experimental feeding period. Birds fed experimental diets containing ground charcoal were tended to increase egg weight (g/egg) , while which of birds fed CPD was higher(P<0.05) than that fed control diet. Chicks fed the control, CPD and PWV diets produced 75.9, 75.0 and 75. 9% of egg, respectively, which were significantly(P<0.05) higher than those of birds fed PFA. Daily egg mass(g/bird) were reached to 48.6, 49.9 and 49.5g i,1 layer fed the control, CPD and PWV diets, respectively, showing an increasing tendency in layer fed CPD and PWV compared with those of birds fed control, which were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of birds fed PFA . Although the effect of experimental diets on the feed efficiency (egg/feed) was not found, which was shown an increasing tendency in layer fed CPD compared with those in control diet. Compared with the incidence of cracked or shelless eggs in birds fed control diet, which were lowered to 37% in birds fed CPD diet and 70% in PWV-fed birds and increased to two times in birds fed PFA . The contents of cholesterol in egg was not affected by experimental diets, while birds fed CPD diet increased significantly(P<0.05) the daily biosynthesis of egg protein and showed a trend to increase the thickness of eggshell and eggshell contents per eggs compared with that of control diet-fed birds. The results indicated that the ground charcoal powder improved the performance of layer.

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Effects of Peonia Seed Extracts and Resveratrol on Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed High Cholesterol Diets (작약(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)씨 추출물과 Resveratrol이 흰쥐 체내 지질 상태에 미치는 영향)

  • 서상희;이향림;이순재;최상원;조성희
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.32 no.7
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    • pp.1102-1107
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    • 2003
  • To study the effects of substances in paeonia seeds (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) on lipid metabolism, crude methanol extract and secondary ether-soluble fraction out of defatted methanol extract and trans-resveratrol were prepared from the seeds and added to 0.5% (w/w) cholesterol diets for rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 120±11 g were divided into six experimental groups: control group with no extra supplement, 0.1% (MP1) and 0.2% methanol extract (MP2) supplemented groups, 0.05% (EP1) and 0.1% ether-soluble fraction (EP2) supplemented groups and 0.02% resveratrol supplemented group. Experimental diets were fed ad libitum to the rats for 3 weeks. Body weight gains and food efficiencies were not different among the six experimental groups. Relative liver weights were lower in EP2 group compared to those in control group, but serum GOT and GPT levels of paeonia seed groups including trans-resveratrol group were not different from those of the control group. Serum total cholesterol levels reduced in EP2 and resveratrol groups but HDL-/total cholesterol ratios significantly increased in the four paeonia groups except EP1 group compared with the control group and serum triglyceride level lowered only in EP2 group than that of the control. However, liver cholesterol levels lowered in the five paeonia groups but triglyceride level lowered in MP2, EP1, EP2 groups than that of the control group. Fecal cholesterol excretion significantly increased in MP2, EP1, and EP2 groups than that of the control group, but bile acid excretions were not changed except that a reduction in EP2 group. These results suggest that paeonia seeds contain substances improving serum lipid status mostly via HDL pathway and resveratrol as monomer is one of the effective components but others including resveratrol oligmer are involved in the lipid improving effect.

Changes of Physico-chemical Properties and Maturity Assessment during Composting of Turfgrass Clipping Types from the Golf Courses (골프장 잔디예초물 종류에 따른 퇴비화 과정 중 이화학성 변화와 부숙도 평가)

  • Ha, Seung Myung;Chang, Ki Woon;Han, Ki Pil;Hong, Joo Hwah;Lee, Jong Jin
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.89-99
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    • 2005
  • The golf courses more than about 200 are operating in Korea. From the golf courses, a great amount of turfgrass clippings tend to increase, steadily. Materials used in the experiment were Creeping Bentgrass(CB), Kentucky Bluegrass(KB), Korean Lawngrass(KL), rice bran and composted chicken drop. Treatments are CB, KB, and KL. The temperature during the composting of all treatments increased rapidly and reached at the highest temperature(57.9C, 67.8C, 74.3C) within 20 days, and then stabilized to the range of 35.241.6C at the 30th day. The pH values of all treatments decreased on the first day. However, they were increased rapidly after three days and decreased again on 10~20 days. The pH values of all treatments at the final day were stabilized to the low alkali levels. The contents of total carbon during the period of composting tend to decrease and total nitrogen was increased for factor of reduction of volume. CEC value of all treatments during the period of composting tends to increase. The round paper chromatogram of extracted solution of KL sample was the sharpest and clearest among all treatments. The G.I. values of CB, KB, and KL in 30th day of composting were about 95.1, 77.7, and 98.7 in germination test using chinese cabbage, respectively. Conclusively, all turfgrass clippings used in this experiment were composted well, suitable as composting products standardized by KSC. The maturity of the final compost samples is best in KL, followed by CB and KB treatments. The turfgrass compost can contribute to the plant cultivation for environment-friendly farm, and the results of this study can become the basic data of turfgrass clippings compost. Further research on the mixing ratio of each material is required to produce compost of good quality.

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A STUDY ON NEWCASTLE DISEASE VACCINATION: The Immunological Response to Inactivated and Attenuated Virus Vaccines (Newcastle병(病)의 예방접종(豫防接種)에 관한 연구(硏究); 사독(死毒)백신 및 감독(減毒)된 생독(生毒)백신에 대한 면역학적(免疫學的) 반응(反應))

  • Chung, Gill Taik
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.27-36
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    • 1962
  • Immune response to two methods of Newcastle disease virus vaccine, one inactivated and the other attenuated was observed and the data presented. (1) Administration of inactivated virus vaccine in an amount of 1.0 ml. by intramuscular route gave an appreciable immunity to Newcastle disease for a period of at least three-and-half months. (2) The chickens given attenuated virus vaccine in the drinking water produced satisfactory immunity as manifested by the fact that immunized birds showed resistance when challenged 105 days after the vaccination and maintained high degree of HI titer for a period of 75 days. (3) Vaccination with the attenuated virus vaccine in drinking water is very simple and time saving in procedure, although the duration of immunity seems to be slightly shorter than that proced by inactivated virus vaccine. The author wishes to express his appreciation, to Drs. Kyu Myung Lee, Chang Koo Lee, and Ryong Sook Kee of their suggestions and help. The author is also indebted to Dr. Chang Hi Lee, Director of Anyang Veterinary Laboratory, who allowed the use of the facilities of the laboratory, whitout which this experiment could not have been undertaken.

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Studies on the Citric Acid Production by Hansenula anomala var. anomala (Hansenula anomala var. anomala에 의(依)한 구연산 생산(生産)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Oh, Man-Jin;Park, Yoon-Joong;Lee, Suk-Kun
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.215-223
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    • 1973
  • A potent citric acid producing strain was selected by an extensive screening test of the yeasts isolated from the various sources. These experiments were conducted to identify the selected strain and investigate the cultural conditions for citric acid production. The results obtained were as fellows: 1. The selected strain of yeast was identified to Hansenula anomala var. anomala by a taxnoomic study of Lodder. 2. The optimum conditions for citric acid production in the basal medium containing 10% glucose were: temperature 30C, the concentration of CaCO3 3% and the velocity of oscillation 110 oscills/min. 3. As a nitrogen source ol the basal medium NH4Cl(0.1 was the most effective for citric acid production. Organic nitrogen sources such as peptone were adequate for growth of the strain but not for citric acid production. 4. The most effective concentration of glucose was 10% in yield ratio of citric acid from sugar. 5. The addition of defatted rape seed, defatted perilla or defatted rice bran to the medium was effective for citric acid production. When 5% extract solution of defatted rape seed was added, the citric acid production was increased as much as 40% as compared with the case of adding yeast extract(0.2%). 6. The most effective concentration of KH2PO4 and MgSO47H2O in the medium(for citric acid Production) was 0.05% and 0.025% respectively. 7. Under the optimum cultural conditions, the growth of the strain was continued up to 5 days and the increase of citric acid production was continued up to 6 days, showing the yield ratio of 46% to glucose.

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Development of Decision Tree Software and Protein Profiling using Surface Enhanced laser Desorption/lonization - Time of Flight - Mass Spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) in Papillary Thyroid Cancer (의사결정트리 프로그램 개발 및 갑상선유두암에서 질량분석법을 이용한 단백질 패턴 분석)

  • Yoon, Joon-Kee;Lee, Jun;An, Young-Sil;Park, Bok-Nam;Yoon, Seok-Nam
    • Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.299-308
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    • 2007
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a bioinformatics software and to test it in serum samples of papillary thyroid cancer using mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). Materials and Methods: Development of 'Protein analysis' software performing decision tree analysis was done by customizing C4.5. Sixty-one serum samples from 27 papillary thyroid cancer, 17 autoimmune thyroiditis, 17 controls were applied to 2 types of protein chips, CM10 (weak cation exchange) and IMAC3 (metal binding - Cu). Mass spectrometry was performed to reveal the protein expression profiles. Decision trees were generated using 'Protein analysis' software, and automatically detected biomarker candidates. Validation analysis was performed for CM10 chip by random sampling. Results: Decision tree software, which can perform training and validation from profiling data, was developed. For CM10 and IMAC3 chips, 23 of 113 and 8 of 41 protein peaks were significantly different among 3 groups (p<0.05), respectively. Decision tree correctly classified 3 groups with an error rate of 3.3% for CM10 and 2.0% for IMAC3, and 4 and 7 biomarker candidates were detected respectively. In 2 group comparisons, all cancer samples were correctly discriminated from non-cancer samples (error rate = 0%) for CM10 by single node and for IMAC3 by multiple nodes. Validation results from 5 test sets revealed SELDI-TOF-MS and decision tree correctly differentiated cancers from non-cancers (54/55, 98%), while predictability was moderate in 3 group classification (36/55, 65%). Conclusion: Our in-house software was able to successfully build decision trees and detect biomarker candidates, therefore it could be useful for biomarker discovery and clinical follow up of papillary thyroid cancer.