• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1009-1015
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• 2006

The elcetrodewatering filter press(EDFP) which had anode and cathod plates to be set between filter plates was built for reducing the waterworks sludge and improving performance of dewatering equipment. Several tests to compare the dewaterability with conventional mechanical filter press dewatering(MDEP) and EDFP was conducted through this equipment. As test results, filtration amount discharged from EDFP measured 43.2 kg which increased against MDFP, and cake weight measured 4 kg which was two times against MDFP. The water content of dewatered cake from EDFP was 55wt% and dewatering velocity was 2.3 $kg/m^2{\cdot}cycle$. This water content decrease 20% and dewatering velocity increased 30% with compare to the MDFP. That is to say, EDFP constructed from electrodewatering mechanism increase filtrate discharging amount, which make dewatering velocity increase and produce the low water content dewatered cake against MDFP. Energy consumption of EDFP is analysed to 400 kwh/DS ton. The results to analysis the economical aspect considering the power consumption and the handling cost decline as sludge volume reduction due to producing the low water content cake showed that expenses to handle sludge of 1 ton by dry solid base cut down on 20,000 won. If considering several test aspects, it was analysed that EDFP was excellent in the side of performance as well as economical suitability.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.15 no.3 s.71
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• pp.38-45
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• 2006

The thermal filter press dewatering(TFPD) technology to improve the dewaterability through increasing the inner vapor pressure, lowering the filtration viscosity and forming the porosity easily within cake as applying the heat at the sludge layer was developed in this study. The hot water with temperature of $95^{\circ}C$ and pressure of $1.2kg_f/cm^2$ was supplied to the heating plate equipped between filter plates with plate size of $470{\times}470mm$ and material of polypropylene. Sludge was dewaterd by supplying pressure of $5kg_f/cm^2$ and then by squeezing pressure of $15kg_f/cm^2$. As a results of estimating the characteristics of thermal dewatering to consider the initial water content and organic content to be influenced by a period of water shortage and rainwater, the dewatered cake water content was about 35 wt% and dewatering velocity was $4DSkg/m^2{\cdot}hr$ under the rainwater period, and the dewatered cake water content was about 50 wt% and dewatering velocity was $1.5DSkg/m^2{\cdot}hr$ in the case of sludge of water shortage season. These results was superior to the mechanical dewatering performance with water content of 70wt% and dewatering velocity of $0.9DSkg/m^2{\cdot}hr$. On the base of the results of TFPD, energy consumpted to deal with DS(Dry Solid) of 1kg was estimated by 300 kJ. It was analyzed that the energy consumption of TFPD was decreased about one third with comparison to the dryer system. Dewatering velocity of this technology was faster than the one of mechanical dewatering equipment and it was easier to product low water content cake. Therefore, this technology was recognized that dewaterability was predominant because of the fast of dewatering velocity and production of low water content cake, and also this known as economical efficiency was excellent because of low energy consumption in comparison with dryer.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 2009

Dewatering process to remove water from pigment sludge was important in the diverse aspects of the improvement of product quality, curtailment of the drying cost and the transportation. It was difficult to dewater pigment particles with the mechanical forces because the size was fine under $5{\mu}m$. Thermal filter press dewatering equipment composed of squeezing plate and a fixed heating plate was developed to improve the dewaterability of pigment the sludge as supplying the heat from the fixed heating plate to the cake. Several tests that estimate the dewaterability for pigment sludge as with or without squeezing process and the difference of dewatering time was conducted with this equipment. Dewaterability of thermal dewatering under squeezing process was increased about 20% compared with non squeezing process. Under squeezing process, thermal dewatering tests changing dewatering time with 70 and 80 minute were conducted respectively. The water content of cake was more reduced at dewatering time of 80 minute compared with 70 minute, and dewatering velocity was also decreased, which caused the productivity of thermal filter press to drop. It was observed that clogging of filter cloth didn't almost occur because the liquid was discharged from cake layer easily. In this research, it was resulted that the squeezing process and long dewatering time were effective to improve the dewaterability of pigment sludge. So, this thermal filter press equipment was useful for dewatering the fine particle sludge like pigment.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.582-587
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• 1999

감자절편을 고농도용액에 침지하여 탈수시킨 결과 침지용액을 구성하는 용질의 분자량에 따라 탈수형태가 다르게 나타났다. 저분자 용액인 NaCl, PEG 400 용액에 침지한 경우 조직의 뒤틀림현상(cytorrhysis) 은 나타나지 않고 부피의 감소와 수분의 탈수현상이 나타난 반면 고분자 용액인 PEG 4000, PEG 6000용액에 침지한 경우 cytorrhysis 현상을 동반한 부피의 감소와 탈수현상이 나타났다. 초기 탈수속도는 저분자 용액에 침지시 더 빨랐으나 최종 탈수량은 고분자 용액에 침지시 더 컸다 고장성 용액에 감자절편을 침지시켜 탈수되는 기작이 두가지 압력(삼투압 분자압착력)에 의해 진행된다고 가정하고 모델을 제안하여 감정한 결과 제안된 모델은 고분자 용액에 침지시의 탈수현항을 설명하는데 적합하였다. 모델에서 구해진 압력인자(ΔP)와 농도인자(a)는 온도(T)와 농도(C) 의 함수로 표현되며 계수의 탄력성 검정결과 농도에 대한 의존성이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.69-69
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• 2001

최근들어 활엽수 펄프와 재생섬유의 사용이 증대되고, 용수절감을 위해 초지공정이 점차 폐쇄화되어감에 따라 초지계 내의 미세분 함량이 증가하고 있으며, 이로 인해 탈수조건은 더욱 악화되고 있다. 하지만 현재 진행되고 있는 초지속도의 고속화를 위해서는 습부에서 의 탈수를 더욱 촉진시킬 필요성이 대두되고 있으며, 이를 위해 여러 가지 방안이 모색되 고 있다. 탈수현상은 원료조성, 초지설비의 종류와 공정구성, 화학첨가제의 사용 여부 등 매우 다양 한 인자에 의해 영향을 받는다. 일반적으로 어떤 주어진 설비를 이용하여 목표 품질의 종 이를 생산하고자 할 경우 초지설비, 운전조건, 펄프 원료, 고해 조건 등은 쉽게 변화시키 기 어렵기 때문에 초지기에서의 탈수성을 조절하기 위해서 각종 탈수촉진제가 사용되고 있다 이러한 탈수촉진제의 선정 및 현장 적용에 앞서 실험실적인 평가가 우선적으로 이루어져 야 하는 것은 당연하다. 탈수성의 실험실적인 평가를 위해 1990년대부터 Britt Jar를 변 형시킨 Dynamic Drainage Analyser(DDA)가 폭 넓게 활용되고 있다 .. DDA는 지필 형 성 시 나타나는 스크린 하부에서의 진공도를 측정하여, 갈수선에서의 탈수시간을 도출하 고 탈수성을 평가할 수 있는 장치이다. 그러나 탈수촉진제와 같은 첨가제의 성능을 평가할 경우, 그 첨가 정도에 따라 지료의 보류도가 달라져 측정되는 탈수시간에 영향을 주므 로 이러한 방식으로 얻은 탈수시간은 정확한 의미에서의 탈수성 평가방법이라 할 수 없 다. 이에 탈수성 평가 시 보류의 영향을 반영하는 방법에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 탈수성의 평가에 있어 탈수시간과 더불어 습지필의 건조도에 대한 고려 역시 필수적이다. 건조도는 DDA를 이용할 경우 지펼 형성 이후 나타나는 최종 진공도의 정도로 표시되는투기도를 통해 파악되나 적용되는 보류 및 탈수 시스템의 종류에 따라 나타나는 응집 양상은 다양하므로 경우에 따라서 탈수시간과 습지필의 투기도가 서로 반대되는 결과를 나 타내기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 탈수시간 뿐만 아니라 습지필의 건조도를 동시에 고려함으 로써 DDA를 이용하여 더욱 정확하게 탈수성을 평가할 수 있는 방안을 모색하였다.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.15 no.4 s.72
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• pp.36-43
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• 2006

There was some difficulty dewatering properties due to small porosity diameter of cake, when pigment sludge contained fine particle was formed by cake under the dewatering. It was difficult to dewater the sludge with fine particles with the conventional mechanical dewatering method. This study was to improve the dewatering rate as discharging the water from porosity of cake easily, supplying the low heat to the cake layer. Thermal dewatering equipment of piston type to keep up constant temperature on the cake was set up and relative experiment was conducted for sludge of 200 g with fine pigment particle. As test results. filtration of 176.8 g, cake weight of 19.4 g, cake thickness of 4.2 mm was measured, and it was analyzed that the water content of cake was 47 wt% and dewatering velocity, which moaned the residual d교 sloid amount per dewatering area, was $2.1DS\;m^{2}{\cdot}cycle$. This results showed that filtration increased, cake weight and thickness decreased and dewatering velocity increased against mechanical dewatering method. And water content of cake decreased about 30%, so the result which dewatering rate improved was drew generally. The reason is that the inner vapor pressure working at the cake porosity increased as applying the low heat to the cake layer, which lead to discharge the water from porosity easily. Therefore, this study was estimated by the useful technology for sludge reduction.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.198-206
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• 2018

In this preliminary study, dehydration of the subducting slab and behavior of the expelled water are numerically modeled using 2-dimensional model scheme. The hydrated minerals in the oceanic crust of the subducting slab experience dehydration by increases in temperature and pressure and expel their water into the overlying mantle wedge. Behavior of the expelled water is governed by both the corner flow in the mantle wedge and porous flow of the expelled water through the pores of the mantle minerals. The effects of convergence rate and age of the subducting slab as well as grain size of the minerals on the dehydration of the subducting slab and behavior of the expelled water are evaluated. The water solubility of the oceanic crust measured from the laboratory experiments is considered for modeling dehydration of the oceanic crust. The model calculations show most of the hydrated minerals in the oceanic crust is dehydrated by a depth of 100 km and the effects of the convergence rate and age of the subducting slab on the dehydration of the subducting slab and behavior of the expelled water are not significant. The larger grain size allows faster porous flow of the expelled water through the oceanic crust, mantle wedge and overlying continental crust and reduces the volume fraction of the expelled water there. The developed technique will be used for future studies on arc volcanism and has a potential implication for the other fields such as seismic tomographic study.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.448-452
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• 1976

A simplified statistical mechanical method was developed for the calculation of the dehydration fraction, activation free energy of dehydration, and the relaxation times of hydrated ions. The model used includes the equilibrium constant between hydrated and dehydrated water, a water-ion interaction potential energy term, and a mixing factor for the species present. The agreement between theory and experiment is good. The pressure dependence of ion dehydration is also discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.358-365
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• 2006

To study simultaneous water and solute transport kinetics during soaking in concentrated solution, the influence of the concentration and molecular weight of the solute(polyethylene glycol(PEG) and NaCl) in the soaking solution and the temperature on the water loss and solute gain rates were observed by using a model vegetable tissue(potato). When potato slices$(4cm{\times}4cm{\times}0.1cm)$ soaked in 60% PEG solutions, the water loss rate of the early phase decreased with increasing of the molecular weight of PEG from 200 to 6,000, while the final water loss increased with increasing the molecular weight of PEG and it reached to 80%. The cell wall of potato tissue was permeable to NaCl and PEGs of which average molecular weight is smaller than 400 but it was not permeable to PEG 600 and larger molecules. PEG which has average molecular weight below 600 induced plasmolysis and those above 600 induced cytorrhysis. The water loss rate of potato sample soaked in smaller molecular weight PEG solution was faster than those soaked in higher molecular weight PEG solution before cytorrhysis happened. The water loss rate was reversed after cytorrhysis happened. The volume change of potato within the first 60 minutes was larger in low molecular PEG solution but the final ratio of decreasing volume was larger in high molecular PEG solutions. In PEG 200 solution, the potato tissue was slightly shrinked without shape change. However, in PEG 4,000 solution, volume of potato was reduced significantly and potato tissue was twisted.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.885-888
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• 1999

This study was carried out to determine the reaction kinetic constant of the dehydration - thermal decomposition of $Na_2B_4O_7{\cdot}10H_2O/Na_2B_4O_7{\cdot}5H_2O$ and to investigate the durability during the repeated use of a chemical heat-storage material and the reproducibility of reaction system. The order of the dehydration reaction was 1st-order. The reaction rate was directly proportional to a partial pressure difference of water steam. The kinetic constant was 0.27 and the reproducibility of dehydration reaction for a kinetic constant and a reaction order was excellent. The activity variation in the durability test of a chemical heat-storage material was within range of ${\pm}5%$ during the repeatedly use in several times.