• Title/Summary/Keyword: 탄소발생량

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A Study on the Development of the Charcoal with Low Carbon Monoxide Emission using Biomass Combustion Improver (바이오매스 조연제를 이용한 CO저감형 착화탄 개발에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Seunghee;Lee, Yeonkyung;Lee, Junseok;Jeon, Chunghwan
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.9-17
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    • 2016
  • In this study, a method for CO reduction using char-coal combustions was developed with lignin and glycerin as combustion improvers. The relationship between CO emission and the combustion improvers was confirmed by measuring the CO concentration. The experiment to determine the combustion characteristics was conducted using glycerin, which shows high combustibility at low temperatures, impregnated with lignin, which has a specific surface area. The combustibility, volatility, and CO concentration were measured using thermo-gravimetric analysis(TGA), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). This study presents the optimal CO reduction ratio, which occurred when the combustible material contained a 20% blend of combustion improvers. This resulted in a 20-30% CO reduction rate compared to that achieved with normal char-coal.

Calculation of Basic Unit of Carbon Emissions in Construction Stage of the Road Infrastructure (도로시설물의 전과정 탄소배출량 산정을 위한 시공단계 탄소배출원단위 구축)

  • Kwak, In-Ho;Kim, Kun-Ho;Cho, Woo-Hyoung;Park, Kwang-Ho;Hwang, Young-Woo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.107-112
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    • 2015
  • Carbon emissions in construction stage is very high because lots of construction machines and materials are required to be used at a road construction stage. Many researcher carried out application of carbon emissions estimation methodology during the life cycle of road infrastructure in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the road sector. But the calculation of carbon emissions is difficult because data collection is difficult and calculation procedure is complex. In this study, a basic unit of carbon emissions in construction stage of the road infrastructure was developed in order to get the quantitative determination of carbon that occurs. Carbon emissions of the expressway and common state road was calculated by using the basic unit of carbon emissions and application plan of basic unit of carbon emissions are presented.

Analysis of carbon reduction effect of efficient water distribution through intelligent water management (지능형 물관리를 통한 효율적인 물분배의 탄소저감 효과 분석)

  • Ha Yong Kim
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2023.05a
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    • pp.436-436
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    • 2023
  • 산업혁명을 거치면서 높은 화석연료를 사용하는 제조업 중심의 산업구조와 많은 자원을 필요로 하는 도시의 집중 현상으로 지구 온난화에 따른 이상기후 발생이 증가하고 있다. 이러한 기후변화는 홍수, 태풍, 폭염 및 폭설 등의 자연재해 발생 빈도 및 규모를 증가시켜 피해가 커지고 있다. 특히 인구 및 시설들이 집중해 있어 도시의 집중 현상은 이러한 재해에 더욱 취약한 구조가 됨에 따라 피해의 규모를 가중 시키고 있는 실정이다. 전 세계적으로 기후변화 문제의 심각성을 인식하고 이를 해결하기 위해 선신국에 의무를 부여하는 교토의정서(1997년) 채택에 이어, 선진국과 개도국이 모두 참여하는 파리협정(2015년)을 채택하였고 2016년 협정이 발효되었다. 파리협정의 목표는 산업화 이전 대비 지구 평균온도 상승을 2℃보다 아래로 유지하고, 나아가 1.5℃로 억제하기 노력하는 것을 강제하는 것으로 2050년까지 탄소 순배출량을 '0'으로 만든다는 탄소중립사회로의 전환이 본격적으로 시작되었다. 본 연구에서는 기후변화로 인한 물부족 및 수실오염과 같은 도시의 수자원 문제 해결을 위해 IoT 기반 센서 및 네트워크 기반 수자원 플랫폼을 개발하였다. 도시 수자원 시설 데이터를 기반으로 대체 수자원 확보 및 수요 중심의 물 관리를 통해 효율적인 물 배분이 될 수 있도록 하였으며 이러한 스마트 물 관리에 따른 대체 수자원 확보 및 효율적 물 배분이 탄소 저감에 미치는 효과에 대해 분석하였다. 연구대상 지역은 세종 6-4구역으로 LID 특화지구로 조성되었으며 1,000 세대의 주민이 생활하는 공동주택이다. 물 순환(LID) 시설에서 확보된 물을 물 공급 시설과 연계하여 공동주택에서 활용함으로써 감소된 상수 사용량을 온실가스 배출량으로 환산하여 탄소 저감량을 계산하였다. 실제 주민들(1,000세대)이 사용하고 있는 상수량 데이터와 전력거래소 온실가스 배출계수를 활용하였으며 물순환(LID) 시설로 확보하여 대체할 수 있는 상수량은 10%로 가정하였다. 연구대상 지역(1,000세대)의 연간 상수공급량은 331,603m3이며, 연간 전력사용량은69,637kWh이다. 온실가스 배출량은 31.963tCO2eq이며, 온실가스 저감량은 3.2tCO2eq로 산정되었다. 추후 LID 시설에 대한 상수 대체량과 온실가스 저감효과 정량화가 필요하다.

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Analysis of Individual Fire Loads and $CO_2$ Emission for Pinus Densiflora and Quercus Variabilis (소나무와 굴참나무의 개체별 화재하중 및 탄소배출량 분석)

  • Park, Young-Ju;Lee, Hae-Pyeong;Hwang, Me-Jung;Kim, Min-Jung;Lee, Si-Young
    • Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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    • 2012.04a
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    • pp.436-439
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구에서는 산불발생에 따른 화재강도를 예측하고 취약성을 분석하기 위하여 소나무와 굴참나무를 대상으로 개체별 화재하중과 탄소배출량 분석 연구를 수행하였다. 화재하중은 소나무 3,566 THR/kg, 굴참나무 3,922 THR/kg 정도인 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 이산화탄소 배출량은 소나무 $3,761.3CO_2/kg$, 굴참나무 $4,829.98CO_2/kg$ 정도인 것으로 분석되었으며, 일산화탄소 배출량은 소나무 182.176 CO/kg, 굴참나무 291.746 CO/kg 정도 배출하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 바이오매스량이 동일할 경우 굴참나무는 소나무보다 상대적으로 화재하중이 크게 작용하여 화재강도가 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 탄소배출량 또한 많아 산불에 취약한 것으로 나타났다.

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Evaluation of Carbon Sequestration Capacity of a 57-year-old Korean Pine Plantation in Mt. Taeh wa based on Carbon Flux Measurement Using Eddy-covariance and Automated Soil Chamber System (에디 공분산 및 자동화 토양챔버 시스템을 이용한 탄소 플럭스 관측 기반 태화산 57년생 잣나무조림지의 탄소흡수능력 평가)

  • Lee, Hojin;Ju, Hyungjun;Jeon, Jihyeon;Lee, Minsu;Suh, Sang-Uk;Kim, Hyun Seok
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.110 no.4
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    • pp.554-568
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    • 2021
  • Forests are the largest carbon (C) sinks in terrestrial ecosystems. Recently, as enhancing forest C sequestration capacity has been proposed as a basic direction of the Republic of Korea's "2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy," accurate estimation of forest C sequestration has been emphasized. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines, sequestration quantity is calculated from changes in C stocks in forest C pools, such as biomass, deadwood, litter and soil layer, and harvested wood products. However, in Korea, only the overstory biomass increase is now considered the amount of sequestration quantity, so there can be a significant difference from the actual forest C sequestration. In this study, we quantified forest C exchange through C flux measurement using an eddy covariance system and an automated soil chamber system in a 57-year-old Korean pine plantation located in Mt. Taehwa, Gwangju-si, Gyeonggi-do. Then, the net amount of C sequestration was compared with the amount of the overstory biomass increase. We estimated the annual C stock change in the remaining C pools by comparing the net sequestration amount from the C flux measurement with the overstory biomass increase and C stock change in the litter layer. Therefore, the net C sequestration of the Korean pine plantation estimated from the flux measurement was 5.96 MgC ha-1, which was about 2.2 times greater than 2.77 MgC ha-1 of the overstory biomass increase. The annual C stock increase in the litter layer was estimated to be 0.75 MgC ha-1, resulting in a total annual C stock increase of 2.45 MgC ha-1 in the remaining C pools. Our results indicate that the domestic forest is a larger C sink than the current methods, implying that more accurate calculations of the C sequestration capacity are necessary to quantify C stock changes in C pools along with the C flux measurement.

A Study on the Effect of the Urban Regeneration Project on the Reduction of Carbon Emission - A Case Study of Jeonju Test-Bed - (도시재생사업 적용에 따른 탄소저감 효과 - 전주TB지역을 대상으로 -)

  • Park, Kiyong;Lee, Sangeun;Park, Heekyung
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.65-74
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    • 2016
  • This study mainly focuses on urban regeneration project as a countermeasure to resolve climate change issues by analyzing the carbon-reduction effect of Jeonju test-bed cases. First, an urban regeneration project is designed for city, Jeonju by analyzing its environmental problems and potential improvement. Then, carbon emission and reduction amounts are evaluated for different businesses and scenarios. Carbon emission sources are classified according to a standard suggested by IPCC, and the emissions are calculated by various standard methods. The result shows that carbon emission amount in Jeonju test-bed is 102,149 tCO2eq. The fact that 70% of the emission from energy sector originates from buildings implies that urban regeneration projects can concentrate on building portions to effectively reduce carbon emission. It is also projected carbon emission will decrease by 3,826tCo2eq in 2020 compared to 2011, reduction mainly based on overall population and industry shrinkage. When urban regeneration projects are applied to 5 urban sectors (urban environment, land use, green transportation, low carbon energy, and green buildings) total of 10,628tCO2eq is reduced and 4,857tCO2 (=15.47%) when only applied to the green building sector. Moreover, different carbon reduction scenarios are set up to meet each goal of different sectors. The result shows that scenario A, B, and C each has 5%, 11%, and 15% of carbon reduction, respectively. It is recommended to apply scenario B to achieve 11% reduction goal in a long term. Therefore, this research can be a valuable guideline for planning future urban regeneration projects and relative policies by analyzing the present urban issues and suggesting improvement directions.

Removal of Unburned Carbon from Fly Ash using Countercurrent Column Flotation Cell (역류형 컬럼 부선기를 이용한 석탄회정제에 관한 연구)

  • 이전언;이제군
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.8 no.5
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    • pp.51-58
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    • 1999
  • The sbdy iwestlgaled ihc propa-ties of Lhe dust\ulcorner rrom fe~~oallomya ~~ufacturTeh. e chemical composition, cornpasitlon material, p d c l e sire md shapes of the bulk dust, sired dust and magnetically separated durl were mvesligaled. As the re\ulcornerulL, we suppose that the dust from &gh Carbon Fenama~~gunesMc anuiact~vingP rocess is not sufiicient as solulce material of Mn because of ale low Mn canlenl (13.5%) and complicaled composition mate~ial. The dust from Bug F!lter or AOD Proccss is mi~inlym ade up of 0.2-2 pm Mn30, (Hausmam~iu)p iutlde in spherical shape and thc Mn content is 63.190.The dust from Cooler of AOD Process is inninly made up of coarse Ca(O1-Or)zM. n,FeyO,, SiO, and fine Mn30d.

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친환경농업 - 농촌의 다양한 바이오매스 자원과 바이오숯을 이용한 토양탄소 격리기술

  • Seo, U-Deok
    • 농업기술회보
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.25-26
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    • 2013
  • 최근 대체에너지 자원으로 주목받고 있는 농업부문의 바이오매스 잠재발생량이 연간 1,100만톤 이상이며, 이를 잠재 에너지 부존량으로 환산하면 약 460만 TOE에 해당된다. 그러나 농업부산물을 활용한 바이오매스 활용이 농업분야 온실가스 감축 및 에너지 절약에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있음에도 불구하고, 그에 대한 연구가 부족했다. 농업활동 과정에서 발생되는 바이오매스 자원 잠재량을 알아보고 이들 바이오매스를 활용한 토양탄소 격리기술에 대하여 소개한다.

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Discussions on Carbon Account in Harvested Wood Products and Effects on Korean Carbon Emissions under the UNFCCC (기후변화협약 하에서 목제품 탄소계정 논의 동향 및 국내 탄소배출량에 미치는 영향 분석)

  • Choi, Soo Im;Bae, Jae Soo;Jung, Byung Heon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.95 no.4
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    • pp.405-414
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    • 2006
  • Korea is expected to be included in the countries of compulsory reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from the 2nd commitment period (2013~2017). For the negotiations in the future, this study was designed to review the tendency of discussions about carbon account in harvested wood products (HWP), which is currently underway around the globe and approach-specific characteristics, and analyze effects on carbon emissions in our country. As a result, most importantly, except the current IPC default approach there is no big difference among the 3 approaches of carbon account in HWP, which were newly suggested on the basis importers because all the HWP circulated at home are accounted for by carbon-stock changes. Under production approach, those HWP produced at home only are evaluated according to carbon-stock changes with the exception of imported HWP. Atmospheric-flow approach is favorable to net wood exporters, because the spot where ultimate decomposition and combustion arising out of the use of HWP occur is regarded as the place of carbon emission. Meanwhile, the estimation of korean carbon-stock change in HWP showed that as of 2004, stock-change approach was 1.567 Tg C, with production approach being 0.581 Tg C and atmospheric-flow approach being -1.425 Tg C, which means stock-change approach is most favorable to Korea as a net wood importer, while atmospheric-flow approach is the least favorable one, in terms of carbon emissions reduction in Korea.

The Parameter Analysis of Methane Production in Anaerobic Fermenter (혐기소화조에서 메탄 발생에 영향을 미치는 인자 분석)

  • 최광근;신종철;전현희;김상용;이진원
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.473-478
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study is to look for the optimal conditions of methane production. The conditions tested for methane production enhancement were temperature, pH, carbon source, nitrogen source, and inhibitor which can affects methane production. As a result, optimal conditions for methane production were 30$^{\circ}C$, neutral pH, methanol as a carbon source, NH$_4$Cl as a nitrogen source. 2-Bromoethanesulfonic acid was used as an inhibitor which can affects methane production. Existence in broth less than 10mM, inhibited methane production. Organic acid measurements revealed that formic acid exists in broth as majority.