• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2014

The best spawning timing in a day and the first spawning position of Pseudopungtungia nigra was investigated at the Jujacheon stream in Jinan-gun Jeollabuk-do, Koera from May to July 2009. P. nigra spawned only at the nest of Coreoperca herzi from 7 May to 11 July, 2009. P. nigra spawned at 56 nests among 61 nests of C. herzi, and the spawning of P. nigra started on after 1st or 2nd day spawning of C. herzi. The spawning behavior was dominantly observed at around 06:00 to 07:00 AM, when parental C. herzi males are usually inactive in the territorial defence. The hatching rate of P. nigra eggs was closely related with the parental activity of the guarding C. herzi, and P. nigra deposit their eggs as close as possible to the egg clutches of C. herzi (normally at the perimeter of the clutch), likely to take much of the potential effects from fanning and guarding, as the hosts focus their care on the centre of the egg clutch.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.345-350
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• 2010

In the Vinous-throated Parrotbill Paradoxornis webbianus, potential intraspecific nest parasitism was observed in four nests (0.38%, n=1,062) during twelve breeding seasons between 1988 and 2007. At first, a nest involved 9 white eggs was found in Puyong-ri, Yangpyong-gun, Kyonggi Province in 1995. This nest would be parasitized by the same species, given that this is out of range of normal clutch size (5 eggs) in Vinous-throated Parrotbills. The second and third cases were recorded in 2001 and 2005 in Sa-dong, Ansan City, Kyonggi Province, respectively. In these nests, two eggs were added to the clutch in a single day. The final observation was made in Puyong-ri in 2007, in which one white egg was laid in the nest at the pre-laying stage. The color of the egg was different from that of the original clutch (blue). The above four things suggest that intraspecific nest parasitism can occur in Vinous-throated Parrotbills although it is an uncommon phenomenon in their life history.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2020

The slender shinner (Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa), a tiny freshwater fish of about 8 to 10 cm belonging to Cyprinidae, is an endangered species found only in the Han and Imjin Rivers on the Korean Peninsula. During the breeding season, this species spawns in nests of Coreoperca herzi, a predator of this species, or small crevices on rocks. This unique reproductive ecology can make this species more vulnerable to anthropogenic perturbance that can further limit the places to spawn. Here, mtDNA and microsatellite loci were analyzed to identify the genetic diversity and structure of slender shinners and further to provide the basic data necessary for the conservation planning of this species. A total of 28 polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed using Illumina paired-end sequencing, and 67 slender shinners collected from three localities in the Han River were genotyped using these loci. This species showed a remarkably high level of genetic diversity with mean expected heterozygosity of 0.914 and mean allele number per locus of 27.9, and no signature of drastic demographic decline was detected. As a result of our microsatellite analysis, the genetic structure between the two stems of the Han River, North Han and South Han, was prominent. Such a genetic structure was also evident in the sequence analysis of 14 haplotypes obtained from mtDNA control region. Although slender shinners are only found in very limited areas around the world, the genetic structure indicates that there is a block of gene flow among the populations, which should be reviewed in the future if management and restoration of this species is needed.