• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.1 s.27
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• pp.33-43
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• 2006

Pull-out strength of tie-bin used in pavement construction is not an issue because those are embedded in newly placed concrete slabs. However, sufficient pull-out strength should be secured in widening constructions because, in case, the tie-bars are inserted into drilled holes of the existing slabs with liquid filler. Insufficient pull-out strength will result in lowered load transfer efficiency between adjacent slabs in addition to poor serviceability and durability due to joint widening. The pull-out strength of the tie-bars installed by current method is evaluated and improved methods are proposed. The field pull-out strength obtained by the current method was only 42.7% of required strength. Its first counterproposal is using to insert the liquid filler into drilled holes and stoppers to prevent it from flowing out of the holes. However, this method was not judged to secure desired level of quality control. The second counterproposal which substitutes the existing type of the tie-bars by SL anchor bolts was judged to secure sufficient pull out-strength in addition to the quality control and constructibility.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.129-138
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• 2016

Buckling of surface plates is an important limit state in Steel-Plate Concrete (SC) walls under axial compression. The surface plates may be anchored to concrete using connectors of studs or tie-bars. In this paper, the effects of studs and tie-bars on buckling of surface plates were evaluated by conducting tests. Experiments have three types of connectors; all studs, all tie-bars, and the combination of studs and tie-bars. Also, experiments have the various ratios of stud or tie-bar spacing to surface plate thickness. The experimental investigation shows that the buckling shape and strength of the surface plate of SC wall with the combination of studs and tie-bars have good agreements with that of the surface plate of SC walls with all studs or all tie-bars.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.404-408
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• 2006

In this paper, connection strength between facing block and tie-bar was investigated through experimental study with varying in-fill material such as concrete, soil and crushed stone. Also, connection strength between anchor block and tie-bar was investigated with varying in-fill material. According to the experimental results, in case of using in-fill concrete, connection strength between facing block and tie-bar was larger than allowable tension load of tie-bar. Whereas in case of using in-fill soil or crushed stone, connection strength between facing block and tie-bar was less or similiar to allowable tension load of tie-bar. Connection strength between anchor block and tie-bar for which crushed stone was used as in-fill material, was larger than allowable tension load of tie-bar.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.4 s.30
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• pp.25-36
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• 2006

Through field surveys and evaluation on several widened concrete pavements, issues on construction and design related problems are broken down into three categories to be discussed; poor smoothness, influence of traffic vibration on concrete curing, and poor connection to the existing pavement. There are many places where about 100mm only of the marginal strip is removed and where defects such as widening and faulting are observed. Also cracks arise again from the patched areas due to stress concentration near the joint. Roughness on the widened concrete pavement was evaluated and there are some stations where the smoothness limit is over passed. For design consideration, shortage of the required force in the tie-bar is expected in case of road widening specially from 3 lanes to 4 lanes. Finally the average pull-out force of specimens made from the current practice was about 57% of the required force. New connecting methods were suggested in this study.

• 한국도로학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.02a
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• pp.69-74
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• 2004

• 한국도로학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.129-134
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• 2005

• 베이커리
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• no.8 s.457
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• pp.117-122
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• 2006

선물 포장에서 리본은 케이크 위를 장식하는 데코레이션과 같다. 밋밋한 제품에 생기를 주고 포인트가 되는, 없어선 안 될 보물이 바로 리본이다. 이번 랩핑스쿨에서는 한 번 알아두면 언제라도 밋밋한 포장을 확 바꿔줄 수 있는 기본 보우(bow)와 타이(Tie)만드는 법을 차근차근 배워본다.

• 한국도로학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.151-157
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• 2003

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.86-93
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• 2012

The foundation of the development in modern typography is based on the era of International Typographical Style and Modern Typography that valued morphological functionality and rationality to achieve an accurate conveyance of meaning. However, with the advance of postmodernism, the view that the aesthetic and conceptual aspect must be included in its interpretation rather than its rational functionality was prominent. Indeed, the works of Dan Friedman and April Greiman, two graphic designers that are known to be the most representative of the post-modernistic era, displayed that graphic design works can also serve as a method for a more free artistic expression, unlike works of Modern Typography. This move towards aesthetic graphics was first started by Wolfgang Weingart. His various attempts at expanding the concept of typography had a significant impact on the development of New Wave and his experimentalist attitude brought about a ground-breaking change to the functional design and formative expression of modern typography. However, this thesis will consider the theoretical background of the typographical designs displayed in Wiengart's works and the experimental methods thereof, and will not attempt to evaluate Weingart's pioneering role and achievements. Furthermore, this thesis will shed new light on the argument that the Weingart's works are not based on the authorship view of post-modernistic typography and are rather utilized to expand the concept of typography based on a syntactical approach.

• 건강소식
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.38-39
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• 2010

20세기 초반까지 수혈을 받는 수술 환자가 아무리 수술이 잘 되어도 죽는 경우가 다반사였다. 이때까지만 해도 혈액형이라는 개념이 없어 혈액형에 무관하게 수혈이 이뤄졌기 때문이다. 한 마디로 재수 좋으면 같은 혈액형을 수혈 받고, 재수 없으면 다른 혈액형을 수혈 받는 로또식 수혈이었던 것이다. 로또식의 수혈에서 벗어나 수술의 성공확률을 획기적으로 높인 사람이 있었으니 그가 바로 ABO식 혈액형분류법을 개발한 카를 란트슈타이너(Karl Landsteiner)이다. ABO식 혈액형분류법의 발견은 오늘날까지 이어지고 있는 수혈요법의 틀을 구축했다는데 큰 의의가 있으며, 란트슈타이너는 이 혈액형분류법의 개발로 1930년 노벨의학상을 수상했다.