• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.184-195
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• 2003

Hawaii Island makes up of five volcanos of Kohala, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, Mauna Loa, and Kilauea. They are big shield volcanoes rising above the Pacific ocean floor and final two volcanoes provide a natural laboratory for the study of active volcanoes. Mauna Loa is the largest single volcano on earth. At the submmit is an oval-shaped Mokuaweoweo caldera, from which two rift zones extend to the southwest and northeast, and in the medial part are the longest lava tube systems in the world. Kilauea has been formed largely by eruption along southwest and eastern rift zones extending from Kilauea caldera at the submmit. On the eastern rift zone, spectacularly, the 1989-1974 eruption of Kilauea at Mauna Ulu crater formed the Mauna Ulu lava flow field. The 1983-1986 eruption of aa flows at Puu Oo crater, and the activities of pahoehoe flows during 1986-1990 at Kupaianaha crater and during 1991-recent at the Puu Oo has produced the Puu Oo and Kupaianaha lava flow field.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.2 s.48
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• pp.59-72
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• 2007

Kilauea volcano located in the southern part of Hawaii island chains has been formed by continuous and sporadic eruption activities from 16 century to September of 1982. Kilauea volcano was investigated from collecting the samples of basalt to identify the geochemical characteristics of the lavas. Olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and opaque minerals with glass groundmass are observed. Clinopyroxene formed glomerophopyritic texture with plagioclase and zoning texture was observed in some of plagioclase phenocrysts. Major elements such as $K_2O$, $P_2O_5$, $TiO_2$ increased with respect to MgO. $Al_2O_3$ and CaO show the kink on Marker diagram due to the crystal fractionation of plagioclase and clinopyroxene with plagioclase respectively. Olivine has a wide range of Fo% ranging from 60 to 90, and MnO and FeO in the olivine are decreased with increasing Fo% oppositely increased $SiO_2$, MgO, and NiO. Ni in the whole rock is controlled not only by the mode of olivine but also by the Ni abondance in the olivine.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.6_3
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• pp.1235-1249
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• 2019

Kilauea Volcano is one of the most active volcano in the world. In this study, we used the ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 satellite imagery to measure the surface deformation occurring near the summit of the Kilauea volcano from 2015 to 2017. In order to measure two-dimensional surface deformation, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and multiple aperture SAR interferometry (MAI) methods were performed using two interferometric pairs. To improve the precision of 2D measurement, we compared root-mean-squared deviation (RMSD) of the difference of measurement value as we change the effective antenna length and normalized squint value, which are factors that can affect the measurement performance of the MAI method. Through the compare, the values of the factors, which can measure deformation most precisely, were selected. After select optimal values of the factors, the RMSD values of the difference of the MAI measurement were decreased from 4.07 cm to 2.05 cm. In each interferograms, the maximum deformation in line-of-sight direction is -28.6 cm and -27.3 cm, respectively, and the maximum deformation in the along-track direction is 20.2 cm and 20.8 cm, in the opposite direction is -24.9 cm and -24.3 cm, respectively. After stacking the two interferograms, two-dimensional surface deformation mapping was performed, and a maximum surface deformation of approximately 30.4 cm was measured in the northwest direction. In addition, large deformation of more than 20 cm were measured in all directions. The measurement results show that the risk of eruption activity is increasing in Kilauea Volcano. The measurements of the surface deformation of Kilauea volcano from 2015 to 2017 are expected to be helpful for the study of the eruption activity of Kilauea volcano in the future.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.6_4
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• pp.1545-1553
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• 2018

Recent eruptive activity at Kīlauea Volcano started on at the end of April in 2018 showed rapid ground deflation between May and June in 2018. On summit area Halema'uma'u lava lake continued to drop at high speed and Kīlauea's summit continued to deflate. GPS receivers and electronic tiltmeters detected the surface deformation greater than 2 meters. We explored the time-series surface deformation at Kīlauea Volcano, focusing on the early stage of eruptive activity, using multi-temporal COSMO-SkyMed SAR imagery. The observed maximum deformation in line-of-sight (LOS) direction was about -1.5 meter, and it indicates approximately -1.9 meter in subsiding direction by applying incidence angle. The results showed that summit began to deflate just after the event started and most of deformation occurred between early May and the end of June. Moreover, we confirmed that summit's deflation rarely happened since July 2018, which means volcanic activity entered a stable stage. The best-fit magma source model based on time-series surface deformation demonstrated that magma chambers were lying at depths between 2-3 km, and it showed a deepening trend in time. Along with the change of source depth, the center of each magma model moved toward the southwest according to the time. These results have a potential risk of including bias coming from single track observation. Therefore, to complement the initial results, we need to generate precise magma source model based on three-dimensional measurements in further research.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.675-689
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• 2007

Kilauea volcano's summit area was formed by continuous ind/or sporadic eruption activities for several hundreds years. In this study, we mainly focused on the trace elements characteristics through systematic sample rocks erupted from 1790 to September of 1982. Under the microscope it can be observed some main minerals such as olivine, clinopyroxene. and plagioclase with minor opaque minerals including Cr-spinel and ilmenite. Zr, V, Y, Ti elements show incompatible activities with MgO while Ni, Cr, Co elements show highly compatible properties. Elements like as Ba, Rb, Th, Sr, Nd are highly incompatible to show positive trends with $K_2O$. In the REE diagram LREE is more enriched than HREE suggesting typical Oceanic Island Basalt(OIB) type. It can be suggested that Sr have an effect on the fractionation of plagioclase from the kink in the $K_2O$ variation diagram. Y/Ho ratio diagram shows there was no fluids effect in the historical Kilauea volcano but Zr/Hf ratio diagram shows a significant difference between Kilauea lavas and PuuOo lavas. There are distinctive changes of trace element contents showing in particular abrupt changes of temporal variations between 1924 and 1954. Moreover, PuuOo lavas which had been erupted since 1983 follow these decreasing trends of trace element variation. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that these abrupt changes of trace elements trends result from the huge collapse geological event which formed Halemaumau crater in 1924 causing contamination effects of crustal contents into magma chamber and from the changes of parental magma composition injected into Kilauea volcano's summit magma reservoir.